閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining主旨大意題高一英語(yǔ)FuLihua

我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以下四大題型，根據(jù)閱讀理解題考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解題技巧來(lái)應(yīng)付。

Ⅰ.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題Ⅱ.猜測(cè)詞義題Ⅲ.推理判斷題Ⅳ.主旨大意題

ReadingComprehension

HowtograspthemainideaⅣ.主旨大意題題型解讀：

主旨大意題是閱讀理解中要求較高、難度較大的提醒之一。該提醒要求對(duì)全文或某一段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理的歸納，重在考查考生的理解和概括能力。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，該類題目主要是對(duì)文章或段落的中心進(jìn)行提煉，或是選擇文章的最佳標(biāo)題。有些文章，尤其是說(shuō)明文和議論文，往往有主題句表明中心思想；但有些文章，比如記敘文，往往沒(méi)有明確的主題句，需要考生在認(rèn)真體會(huì)并明確作者的寫作意圖的基礎(chǔ)上概括文章的中心。Text1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

（1）主題句在段首

一個(gè)主題句常常是一個(gè)段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。在議論文，科技文和新聞報(bào)道中多采用這種格式。Text2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.（2）主題句也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實(shí)依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結(jié)論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。

Text

3ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.”Shusaid…...“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.（3）首尾呼應(yīng)為突出主題,作者先提出主題,結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題,這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見(jiàn).通常,前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù),后面的表述往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味.Text4Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.（4）在短文中間當(dāng)主題句被安排在段中間時(shí),通常前面只提出問(wèn)題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出,而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展.

Text5Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

(5)從段落中尋找高頻率詞任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個(gè)主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個(gè)反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞

●Text5

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A.theconstructionofaroadB.thedesignofaroadC.theconstructionoftworailwaysD.thedesignoftwotunnels錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)以偏概全

某個(gè)具體事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)或評(píng)論。主題擴(kuò)大。干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。3.主觀臆斷

自己的觀點(diǎn)或從文中片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。4.無(wú)關(guān)信息

非文章事實(shí)。(正確答案)是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；或是主題句的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。4

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Whatisthemainidea?Smokingcancausecancer.SmokingisaterriblekillerSmokingisharmfultoourhealth.Anexperimentonsmoking..某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)主觀臆斷

以偏概全

2016年高考新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷2(甲卷)C篇

Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.

BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual(虛擬).Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB.ElectronicBooks:AnewTrendC.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBackD.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可以得知，本文主要介紹了一個(gè)圖書分享網(wǎng)站BookC,故只有D項(xiàng)最合適。解題技巧：高頻詞2016全國(guó)卷丙卷C篇Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’saround.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.

Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecial,it’sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly(多疙瘩的)Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou’llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.

Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.

AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards(果園).Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.

B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.

C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.文章主要介紹一個(gè)關(guān)于蘋果的節(jié)日蘋果節(jié)。故選B項(xiàng)。解題技巧：首尾句&首尾段2015課標(biāo)II卷B篇

Yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.Openthecurtainsandturnupthelights.Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(難為情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces-andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood.Ifyourhomedoesn’thaveenoughwindowlight,getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness.

Mindthecolors.Researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites.Inonestudy,peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom.Warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearappetizing,whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry.Sowhenit’stimetorepaint,goblue.Don’tforgettheclock-ortheradio.P