Unit3InventorsandinventionsPeriod4ListeningandSpeaking整體設計教學內容分析Theemphasisofthisperiodwillbeplacedonlisteningandspeaking.Therearealtogethertwotextsforthestudentstolistentointhisperiod：oneisintheStudent'sBookandtheotherisintheWorkbook.Thefirstone（onPage26，Listeningandspeaking）isatelephoneinterviewbetweenZhouRuiandoneoftheengineersinJamesDyson'scompany.JamesDysonisaBritishinventor，whoinventedasystemwithtwodrumsinthesamemachine.ZhouRuiisinterviewingoneoftheengineersinhiscompanyabouthisideas.Whilelisteningtothetextforthefirsttimethestudentsareaskedtogetsomespecificinformationaboutitandtickthewordstheyhear.Whilelisteningtothetextforasecondtimethestudentsareaskedtofillinthechart.AtlastthestudentsareaskedtomakeatelephonecalltooneoftheengineersinJamesDyson'scompanyandapplyforajobinthecompany.Thesecondone（onPage62，Listening）isaconversationabouthowtochooseasuitablemobilephone.RuthBaconisthinkingofbuyinganewmobilephoneandshewantstoaskZhangJieforsomeadvice.三維目標設計Knowledgeandskills1．Tounderstandthemeaningsofthefollowingkeywordsandexpressionswhilehearingthemonthetape：founder（創建者），hand-washing（手洗），carpetcleaner（地毯清潔工），videotape（錄像），switchoff（關閉）．2．Toenablethestudentstounderstandthelisteningtexts.3．Tohelpthestudentslearnhowtomakeaphonecallusingthegivenkeysentences.Processandmethods1．Smoothingawaylanguageproblemsifanybeforelistening.Beforeaskingthestudentstolistentothetape，helpthemsmoothawayanylanguageproblemssuchasnewwordsandexpressionsthattheymaynotunderstandwhilelistening.2．Listeningforneededinformation.Beforeaskingthestudentstolistentothetapeforthefirsttimegivethemoneortwoquestionsaboutthegeneralideaofthetextsoastoleadthestudentstoconcentratetheirmindonlyontheneededinformation.Thenaskthemtolistentothetapeforasecondorevenathirdtimeforsomespecificinformationbygivingthemsomedetailedquestionstoanswer.3．Speakingfreelyandmakingconversations.AtlastthestudentsareaskedtoapplyforajobinJamesDyson'scompany.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Tostimulatestudents'senseofcommunicationandcooperation.2．Todevelopstudents'abilityofcommunicatingbymakingaphonecall.教學重點、難點1．Theunderstandingoftheconversationsonthetape.2．Theabilityofcommunicatingbymakingaphonecall.教學過程Step1Revision1．RetellthetextonP20-P21.2．ChecktheanswersoftheexercisesinLearningaboutLanguageandexplainthedifficultones.Step2Listening1．ListentoText1（Page26）anddothefollowingexercises.（1）ListenforthefirsttimeanddoExercise2.Suggestedanswers：washingmachine，drum，carpetcleaner，court（2）ListenagainanddoExercise3.Suggestedanswers：ObjectTheProblemJamesDyson'simprovementWashingmachineWashingmachinesatthattimedonotcleantheclothesaswellasbyhand.Heinventedamachineusingtwodrumswhichmoveinoppositedirections.（3）Choosethebestanswerstothefollowingquestions.①WhatdoesJamesDysondo?A．Anengineer.B．Aninventor.C．Ajournalist.②HowlongdidittakeJamesDysontoimprovethewashingmachine?A．Fiveyears.B．Fivemonths.C．Dr.Smithdidn'tknow.③WhydidJamesDysongotocourtintheearlyyears?A．Thecustomersweren'tsatisfiedwiththecarpetcleaners.B．Acompanymakingcarpetcleanerscopiedhisideas.C．JamesDysoncopiedotherinventors'ideas.Suggestedanswers：①B②C③B（4）Listentothetapeforathirdtimeandfillinthemissinginformationaccordingtothetape.JamesDysonfoundthatclotheswerenotas______froma______machineasthosewashedby______.Sohetriedtoimprovethat.He______asystemwithtwo______inthesamemachine.Togethertheyarethesame______astheolddrum，buttheywork______.Onedrumgoesinonedirectionandtheothergoesintheother.Soit'smorelike______andtheclothes____________cleaner.Suggestedanswers：clean，washing，hand，invented，drums，size，differently，hand-washing，comeout2．ListentoText2（Page62）twiceandchoosethebestanswer.（1）WhydoesRuthwanttochangeforanewmobilephone?A．Hermobilehasbeenoldandoutoffashion.B．Hermobilehasbeenoutofcontrolanddoesn'tworknow.C．Shemissedimportantcallswhenhermobilewasswitchedoff.（2）Whyarethenewphonescalled3Gphones?A．Becausetheywillbeabletoorganizepeople'slife.B．Becausetheyarethethirdgenerationofmobilephones.C．Becausetheycanbuygoodsforpeople.（3）WhydoesRuthBaconnotlikethephonethatcanbookairticketsandthehotel?A．Becauseitoftenservespeopleinefficiently.B．Becauseitordersandbuysexpensivegoods.C．Becauseitspendshermoney.（4）WhichkindofmobilephonedoesRuthBaconneedmost?A．Amobilephonethatcanstophermissingimportantcalls.B．Amobilephonethatisacomputerandcanvideotapeaswell.C．Amobilephonethatcanorderandbuygoods.Suggestedanswers：（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）AStep3SpeakingSincethestudentshavelearnedmanywordsandexpressionsaboutmakingaphonecallbybothreadingandlistening.It'snecessaryforthemtotalkaboutitnow.Teachthemhowtomakeacallbyshowingthemthefollowingsentencesonthescreen.（Slideshow）Whichextension...，please？CanIspeakto...，please?Holdtheline，please.Hangon，please.Justamoment，please.I'msorry，butthisphoneisoutoforder.Ican'tgetthrough.Sorry.He/Sheisn'thererightnow.CanIringbacklater?I'llringhim/herupagain.Imustringoffnowbecause...Askthestudentstolookatthetopicsanddiscusswiththeirpartnersandthenmakeuptheirowndescriptions.（Showthefollowingonthescreen.）Topics1．Youhavemadeaphonecall.Giveasampledescription.2．Youwanttoapplyforajob.Askwhatkindofpersonthecompanyneeds.Givethestudentsthreeminutestoprepareandpractice，andthenasktwogroupstodemonstratetheircallsinfrontofthewholeclass.Step4HomeworkWriteapassagetodescribeyourinvention.Step5Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教學參考TeninventionsthatchangedtheworldTomarkitscentenary，inJunetheScienceMuseuminLondonhaditscuratorsselectthe10objectsinitscollectionthathadmadethebiggestmarkonhistory.Thesethenwenttoapublicvotetofindthemostimportantinventionofthepastcenturies.Visitorstothemuseumandonlinevoterscastnearly50000votes.Findoutthewinnersbelow.1．WinnerWith9581votes，themedicalX-rayradiographwasdeemedthemostimportantinventionintheScienceMuseum.In1895thephysicistWilhelmR?ntgendiscoveredX-rays，the“X”signifyingtheirthen-unknownorigin.Helaterfoundthattherayscouldpassthroughfleshandbyusingphotographicplatescouldmakeimagesofbonesinsidethebody.ThisX-rayofR?ntgen'swife'shandwastakeninDecember1895andistheoldestsurvivingX-rayimageofapartofthehumanbody.AndyAdam，presidentoftheBritishRoyalCollegeofRadiologists，said，“Radiologyisthemostexcitingandfast-developingspecialityinmodernmedicine.ThediscoveryofX-raysbroughtthisdisciplineintoexistenceandhasbenefitedcountlesspatients.”X-raybrochure,1930sThiscoverofanadvertisingtradeleafletwasproducedbytheequipmentmanufacturersWatson&Sons.Bythe1930s，X-rayequipmentwasinwidespreaduseforthediagnosisofabroadrangeofailments，frombrokenbonestotumorsandtuberculosis.X-raymachineThisX-raysetwasmadebyRussellReynoldsjustmonthsafterR?ntgen'sbreakthrough.Itisoneoftheoldestintheworldandprovidedsomeofthefirstglimpsesinsidethehumanbodythatdidn'tneedascalpel.2．PenicillinSecondplace—6825votesFungalsporesthatdriftedthroughthesewindowsincentralLondonledAlexanderFlemingtodiscoverthefirstantibioticin1928.Bythemid-1940s，workintheUKandUSledtothefirstpenicillinreachingpatients.Thatdevelopmentmarkedthestartofawaveofnewdrugsthathavemadeadiagnosisofabacterialinfectionfarlessthreateningthanitoncewas.3．DNAdoublehelixThirdplace—6725votesThisreconstructionofthefirstevermodeloftheDNAmoleculecontainssomeoftheoriginalpartsusedbyFrancisCrickandJamesWatsonin1953.Theirbreakthroughmadeitpossibletounderstandbothhoworganismspassontheirgenesandhowtheworkingsofcellsaregoverned.Andwithgenomesequencingbecomingevercheaper，we'reonlygoingtobecomemorefamiliarwithit.4．Apollo10capsuleFourthplace—4649votesFortyyearsago，threementravelledaroundthemooninthiscapsuleasarehearsalforthefirstmoonlanding，whichtookplacetwomonthslater.5．V2rocketengineFifthplace—3985votesItpoweredaweaponusedbythelosingsideintheSecondWorldWar，buttheV2，inventedin1942，shapedtheworldfordecadesafterwards.Therocket'screator，WernhervonBraun，movedtotheUSafterthewar，whereheworkedonthenascentintercontinentalballisticmissileprogram.HethenworkedforNASA，wherehemastermindedtheSaturnVrocketthatlaunchedApollo11tothemoon.6．Stephenson'sRocketSixthplace—3533votesByachievingrecord-breakingspeedsenroutetowinningthe1829RainhilltrialsinLancashire，UK，Rocketsteeredtheworldtowardsmobilepowerinsteadoffixedenginespullingonropes.Itsdesigners，RobertStephensonandCompany，builtitaccordingtobasicprinciplesthatbecameastandardforsteamlocomotives，carryingpeopleandgoodsaroundtheglobeforwelloveracentury.Historycouldeasilyhavebeendifferent.AnotherlocomotivenamedLuckyprovedcapableofoutperformingRocketinthetrials，butwaslessreliable.7．PilotACEComputerSeventhplace—3472votesOneoftheearliestgeneral-purposeelectroniccomputers，PilotACEranitsfirstprogramon10May1950.Atthetime，itwasthefastestcomputerintheworld.Thecomputer'sdesignwasasmallerversionofadesignbycomputingpioneerAlanTuring.PilotACEwasselectedbecauseofitsplaceinthefirstgenerationofcomputersthatspawnedthemachineswhichsurroundustoday.8．TheatmosphericengineEighthplace—3457votesTheatmosphericenginewasinventedbyThomasNewcomenin1712.ThismodelwasbuilttohisdesignbyFrancisThompsonata