（全新版）大學英語《綜合教程》第一冊

Unit2

Friendship

I.CulturalNotes:1.GradeschoolsintheU.S.:ItisnecessarytohavesomeknowledgeofgradeschoolsintheU.S.becauseSshavetorealizethat"thethirdyearinhighschool"(Para.1)equals"theeleventhgrade"(Para.9).U.S.studentsgenerallygothroughelementaryschools(kindergartento5thor6thgrade),middleschools(grades6-8)orjuniorhighschools(grades7-9),andhighschools(grades9-12or10-12).2.WhatAmericanteacherswearinschool:Nowadays,peopleintheU.S.lovetodresscasually.EvenamongthosecompanieswitharigiddresscodesomenowallowemployeesnottowearsuitsonFridays.U.S.teacherswearfairlyformalclothestoschool,butnotnecessarilysuitsandties.Bowtiesareconsideredevenmoreold-fashionedthanties.3.Spaghettiandtheproperwayofeatingit:SpaghettiistheItalian-stylethinnoodle,cookedbyboilingandservedwithsauce.Usuallyyouwouldputaforkintoaplateofspaghetti,turntheforkseveraltimessothatspaghettiwillwindaroundthefork,thenplacetheforkintoyourmouth.It'simpolitetosuck.II.LanguageStudy1.belostin/loseoneselfin:

beabsorbedin,befullyoccupiedwith

Examples:1)Hewaslostinplayingcomputergamessohewasunawareofmyenteringtheroom.2)Shewaslostinhernovel.Ihadlostmyselfinthought.2.available:abletobeused,had,orreached

Examples:1)Since1990,theamountofmoneyavailabletobuybookshasfallenby17%.2)Ifyoudon'twanttobuyakite,youcanmakeyourownusingdirectionsavailableinthebook.3)Wehavealreadyusedupalltheavailablespace.3.Hesoundedasifhehadacoldorsomething.:Thissentenceimpliesthesadstateofmindthetaxidriverwasin.orsomething:

usedwhenyouarenotverysureaboutwhatyouhavejustsaidExamples:1)Theairfarewasahundredandninety-ninepoundsorsomething.2)Here'ssomemoney.Getyourselfasandwichorsomething.Similarphrase:orsomethinglikethat4.goahead:continue,begin(sometimesfollowedbywith+n.)Examples:1)Theboardofdirectorswillvotetodayonwhethertogoaheadwiththeplan.

2)

Henrywillbelatebutwewillgoaheadwiththemeetinganyway.5.know/learnbyheart:memorize,rememberexactlyExamples:1)Youhavetoknowallthemusicbyheartifyouwanttobeaconcertpianist.2)Thepupilsarerequiredtolearnaclassicpoembyhearteveryday.6.AtleasttheydowithmebecauseI'montheroadsomuch.:

AtleastlettersfromhomemeanalottomebecauseItravelalotinacarforlongdistances.7.estimate:formajudgementabout(aquantityorvalue)Examples:1)Iestimatethatthetotalcostforthetreatmentofthediseasewillgofrom$5,000to$8,000.2)Bill'spersonalricheswereestimatedat$368million.8.Thisisn'tfamily.:Thisisn'taletterfrommyfamily.9.might/may(just)aswell:倒不如,還是...的好;最好...還是

Ifyousaythatyoumight/may(just)aswelldosomething,youmeanthatyouwilldoitalthoughyoudonothaveastrongdesiretodoitandmayevenfeelslightlyreluctantaboutit.Examples:1)Anyway,you'rehere;youmightaswellstay.2)Thepostofficeisreallybusy—we'llhavetoqueueforagestogetserved.Wemightaswellgohome.10.I'mnotmuchofahandatwriting.:I'mnotgoodatwriting.

notmuchofa:notagoodExamples:1)Somepeoplemaythinkthatdoinghouseworkforothersisnotmuchofacareer.2)Heisnotmuchofafather,butheisanoutstandingprofessor.11.keepup:continuewithoutstoppingExamples:1)Theyrisklosingtheirhomesbecausetheycannolongerkeepuptherepayments.2)IwassohungryallthetimethatIcouldnotkeepthedietupforlongerthanamonth.12.correspondence:

1)theactofwriting,receivingorsendingletters(不可加s，但可加a,oftenfollowedbywith+n.)Example:Hisinterestinwritingcamefromalongcorrespondencewithaclosecollegefriend.2)thelettersthatsb.receivesorsends(usedasanuncountablenoun)Examples:a)Maryreallynevermentionsherstep-motherinhercorrespondence.

b)Anyfurthercorrespondenceshouldbesenttomynewaddress.13.ButItakeithe'ssomeone...:ButIexpectthatheissomeone…Thesentencepattern"Itakeit(that)"isusedtosaythatyouexpectsomeonewilldosomething,knowsomethingetc..Example:Itakeit(that)you'veheardthatallthestudentsinmyclasshavedoneaverygoodjobinCETBand4.14.practically:almost,butnotcompletelyorexactly

Examples:1)He'dknowntheoldmanforpracticallytenyears.2)Iknowpeoplewhofinditpracticallyimpossibletogiveupsmoking.15.Wenttoschooltogether?:Thecompletesentenceislikethis:Youwentwschooltogether?(IncolloquialEnglishadeclarativesentencewitharisingtonemayserveasaquestion.)16.neighborhood:oneofthepartsofatownwherepeopleliveExamples:1)Itseemedlikeanidealneighborhoodtoraisemychildrenin.2)Housesinagoodneighborhoodarelikelytobesoldatahighprice.17.kindof/sortof:(infml;"kindof"isesp.AmE,"sortof"esp.BrE)alittlebit,insomewayordegree(usedbeforev.orafteralinkverb)Examples:1)Shewasn‘tbeautiful.Butshewaskindofcute(可愛的,聰明的).2)Theboy'sdescriptionkindofgivesusanideaofwhat'shappening.18.losetouch(withsb.):meetandcontactsb.lessandlessoften,graduallystopwriting,telephoning,orvisitingthemExamples:1)Ilosttouchwithmyformerclassmatesaftergraduation.2)Inmyjobonetendstolosetouchwithfriends.19.acoupleof:(infml)afew,morethanonebutnotmanyExamples:1)Doyouhaveamoment?ThereareacoupleofthingsI'dliketotalktoyouabout.2)Theypromisedthestudentsthattheywouldfindasubstituteteacherinacoupleofdays.20.ButIrealizedthatOldEdwasstillonhismindwhenhespokeagain,almostmoretohimselfthantome.:ButIrealizedthatthetaxidriverwasstillthinkingofOldEdwhenhespokeagain.Itseemedthathespokemoretohimselfthantome.

onone'smind:inone'sthoughts;ofconcerntoone(Ifsomethingisonyourmind,youareworriedorconcernedaboutitandthinkaboutitalot.)Example:Thistravelplanhasbeenonmymindallweek.21.keepintouch(withsb.):Ifyoukeepintouchwithsomeone,youwrite,phone,orvisiteachotherregularly.

Examples:1)Theoldmankeptintouchwithhischildrenwhilelivinginanursinghome.2)WhiledoingtheresearchworkintheAntarctic,theprofessorkeptintouchwithhisstudentsviaemail.22.comeup:1)happen,occur,esp.unexpectedlyExample:"Sorry,Iamlate—somethingcameupathome.”2)bementionedordiscussedExamples:a)Theissueofsafetycameuptwiceduringthemeeting.b)Theterm"ProjectHope"hascomeupalotrecentlyinthenewspapers.

23.urge:tryveryhardtopersuade(oftenusedinthepatternurgesb.todosth.orfollowedbyathat-clause.Inthethat-clause,"should"orthebaseformofaverbisused.)Examples:1)Theyurgedthelocalgovernmenttoapproveplansfortheirreformprogramme.2)Iurgedmycousintotakeayearofftostudydrawing.3)SirFredurgedthatBritain(should)jointheEuropeanMonetarySystem.24.postpone:delay(usu.followedbyn./gerund)Examples:Thecouplehadpostponedhavingchildrentoestablishtheircareers.25.Ithadreferencestothingsthat...:Thelettermadementionofthingsthat…

reference:1)theactoftalkingaboutsb./sth.,ormentioningthem(usu.followedbyto)

Example:Itwasstrangethathemadenoreferencetoanyworkexperienceinhisresume.2)sth.thatshowsyouwhereelsetolookforinformation,forexamplethepagenumberofanotherplaceinabookExample:Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform.3)theactoflookingatsth.forinformationExample:a)Usethedictionaryforeasyreference.b)Keeptheirpricelistforfurtherreference.26."Likeitsaysthere,"..."aboutallwehadtospendinthosedayswastime.":"Asthelettersaysthere,"..."thoughwedidn'thavemuchmoneywehadalotoffreetime.”27.absolutely:totallyandcompletelyExamples:1)Fundingisabsolutelynecessaryifresearchistocontinue.2)Thereisabsolutelynodifferencebetweenthetwooil-paintings.28.reunion:apartyattendedbymembersofthesamefamily,school,orothergroupwhohavenotseeneachotherforalongtimeExamples:1)Thesoccerclubholdsanannual/yearlyreunion.2)Beforeshewentabroadforfurtherstudy,thewholefamilyhadabigfamilyreunion.29....therearefewerandfewerstillaround.:

...fewerandfewerofusareleftalive.30.goby:

(oftime)passExamples:1)Herdaughterwasbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulastheyearswentby.2)Aseachmonthgoesby,theeconomicsituationgetsbetter.31.hangout:1)(infml;usedmainlyinAmE)stayinornearaplace,fornoparticularreason,notdoingverymuchExamples:a)IoftenhungoutincoffeebarswhileIwasunemployed.b)Wecanjusthangoutandhaveagoodtime.c)That'sthecornerwhereallthekidshangout.2)hangclothesonapieceofstringoutsideinordertodrythemExample:Whatapain!–It'srainingandI'vejusthungthewashingout.32.everynowandthen:sometimes,attimesExamples:1)EverynowandthenIhaveadesiretoquitmytediousjob.2)IstillseeJaneforluncheverynowandthen,butnotasoftenasIusedto.33.Butforthelast20or30yearsit'sbeenmostlyjustChristmascards.:ButgenerallyspeakingwehavesentonlyChristmascardstokeepintouchwitheachotherforthelast20or30years.

mostly:almostall;generallyExamples:1)Theyhaveinvestedtheirmoneymostlyinexpensiverealestate.2)Theguestsattheweddingpartyaremostlyfriendsofthebride.34.Yourfriendshipovertheyearshasmeantanawfullottome,morethanIcansaybecauseI'mnotgoodatsayingthingslikethat.:Yourfriendshipovertheyearshasbeenveryimportanttome,moreimportantthanIcansaybecauseI'mnotgoodatexpressingmyfeelings.awful:(infml;usedtoaddforce)verygreat;verybadorunpleasantExamples:1)Ihavegotanawfullotofworktodo.2)Ican'tbeartheawfulsmellofcigarettesmoke.35.chokeup:becometooupsettospeakExamples:1)Whenhelearnedthenewsofhisfriend'ssuddendeath,hewassochokeduphecouldn'tsayathing.

2)Losingmyjobleftmecompletelychokedup;IwassoupsetthatIdidn'tknowwhattosay.36.destination:theplacetowhichsb.isgoingorbeingsentExamples:1)Singaporeisstillourmostpopularholidaydestination.2)Onlyhalfoftheemergencysupplieshavereachedtheirdestinationbecauseofthebadweather.37.skip:passfrom(onepoint,etc.)toanother,disregardingorfailingtoactonwhatcomesbetweenExamples:1)Theteacherskippedchapterfiveandsaiditwouldn'tbeonthetest.2)"Astimeislimited,wewillhavetoskipsomeoftheexercisesinUnit10,"saidtheteacher.38.rightaway:(infml)atonceExamples:1)Tomhasgotahighfever;heshouldgoandseeadoctorrightaway.2)Iwrotehimaletterandposteditrightaway.34.Yourfriendshipovertheyearshasmeantanawfullottome,morethanIcansaybecauseI'mnotgoodatsayingthi