Unit1PeopleofAchievementDiscoverusefulstructuresunit1Teachingobjectives（學習目標）理解且掌握非限制性定語從句的概念限制性定語從句和非限制性定語的區別which和as引導非限制性定語從句的區別復習定從概念定語從句：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句，其作用相當于形容詞。先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。關系詞：引導定語從句的詞。ThewomanwhoisawardedtheNobelprizeisTuYouyou.先行詞關系詞定語從句who關系代詞關系副詞who,whom,which,that,whose,aswhere,when,why關系詞的作用：①引導作用(引導定語從句)②替代作用(替代先行詞)③在定語從句中擔當某個成分的作用先行詞在從句中所作成分關系代詞人主賓定物主賓定先行詞在從句中所作成分關系副詞時間名詞時間狀語地點名詞地點狀語reason原因狀語who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)whywhenwhere=介詞+which判斷句子是否為定語從句劃出先行詞將先行詞代入從句，看它在從句中所擔任的成分根據先行詞在從句中所作成分，得出關系詞關系詞的確定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor區分that和which1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld____canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetree?thatthatthatthatthatthat只能用that，不能用which的情況：①

先行詞既有人,

又有物時。②先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,

只用that。③先行詞有theonly,

thevery,

thejust,theright等修飾時,

只用that。④

不定代詞,如something,anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little,none等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。⑤當主句是以who或which

開頭的特殊疑問句時,

用that以避免重復。區分that和which只用which而不用that的情況①非限制性定語從句只用which而不能用that。Hewroteabook___________isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.

限制性定語從句Hewroteabook,______isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.

非限制性定語從句②在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which而不用that。Thisistheplacein______LuXunusedtolive.which/thatwhichwhich關系代詞whose的用法1)Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤兒)2)Theyliveinahouse,___________windowsfacesouth.

whose

在從句中作定語,修飾人或物，意為“……的”，

whose+名詞可換作

the+名詞+ofwhom/which。whosewhoseTheyliveinahouse,thewindows___________facesouth.Theyliveinahouse,___________thewindowsfacesouth.ofwhichofwhichPractice1.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whose

B.who

C.whom

D.which2.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.where

B./

C.when

D.what3.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.where

B.that

C.which

D.onwhich1)Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?2)Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_____isstandingthere?4)Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.5)Sheheardaterriblenoise，______broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhichwhichthat與which抽象地點名詞+關系副詞where當先行詞是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosphere,environment,condition,race等抽象地點名詞時。1.I’vecometothepoint______Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation______awarwillbreakoutatanytime.國家正處在隨時有可能爆發戰爭的局勢中。我已經到了無法容忍他的地步了。wherewhere介詞+關系代詞（whom,which）引導的定語從句介詞后關系代詞的選擇：指人用whom,指物用which

1)Thisistheschoolin_______youwillstudy.2)Ihavenomoneywith

_______Icanbuyadictionary.3)Thisistheteacherfrom_______you’lllearnEnglish.4)Thegentlemanabout

_______youtoldmejustnowprovedtobeathief.whichwhichwhomwhom如何確定關系代詞前的介詞？1.與先行詞的搭配關系1)Iwillneverforgettheday____which

I

joinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgettheyear___whichmyson

wenttocollege.3)

Iwillneverforgettheschool______which

Istudied.4)Hecametoafarm,_____which

hefinallysettled(安頓).on

in

in

on

關系副詞2.與從句中謂語動詞、形容詞的搭配的固定搭配1)Haveyoufoundthebook_____whichIpaid$29?Haveyoufoundthebook______whichIspent$29?Doyouknowtheman_____whomsheoftentalks?TheWestLake,_____whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.for

onabout

for1)Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.

空氣非常重要，沒有了它人類便不能生存。

2)Thisistheman_______whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那個人。withoutwith3.根據句子的意思來確定1.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom2.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that3.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhomBCDPRACTICEMAKESPERFECT代詞/名詞/數詞/形容詞最高級/介詞短語+of+關系代詞1.Theylivedinatallbuilding,infrontof

stoodabigtree.2.Therearemorethan50studentsinmyclass,26of

aregirls.3.Hisfamilymembersdon’tlikethesecond-handcar,thepriceof

isveryhigh.4.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof

arebeingbuilt,willopennextyear.5.WhenwesternpeopletalkaboutthecitiesofChina,thefirstof

comestotheirmindsisBeijing.whichwhomwhichwhichwhich介詞+whose+名詞1.IwishtothankprofessorSmith,without

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.2.TheDragonTower,from

topvisitorscanenjoyagoodsightofHarbin,attractshundredsoftouristseveryday.whosewhoseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClausePart021.Isawtheguywhodeliversmymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedtoswim.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhosedaughtergoestoHarvard.whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?限制性定語從句若去掉，句子含義不明確無逗號與主句隔開從句起限定作用，縮小范圍1.理解且掌握非限制性定語從句的概念1.Paris,

whereIspentsixmonthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,whosechildrenarethesameageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismyfavoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.有逗號與主句隔開若去掉，不影響句子含義非限制性定語從句從句為附加說明若去掉從句不影響句子含義，只是起補充說明的作用。往往用逗號分開,不用that引導.先行詞唯一非限制性定語從句Intheclasstherearetenstudentswho/thatspeakEnglishverywell.翻譯：

含義：

形式:2.Intheclasstherearetenstudents,whospeakEnglishverywell.翻譯：

含義：

形式:這個班有10名英語說的好的學生限制性,班上不只有10名學生，但只有這10名學生英語說得好沒有逗號這個班有10名學生,他們英語說得很好非限制性，班上只有10個學生，補充說明他們的英語說得好有逗號2.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語的區別AspectRestrictiveRelativeClauseNon-restrictiveRelativeClause形式上主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開，口語中使用時也不停頓。與主句之間通常有逗號隔開，口語中使用時有停頓。功能上用于對先行詞的意義進行修飾、限制和識別，如果去掉，就會造成句意不完整或概念不清。用于對先行詞起補充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。翻譯上翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前按句子順序，翻譯成兩個簡單句先行詞只能是名詞或代詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是短語或句子引導詞做賓語可以省略不能使用that,why

歸納：限制性和非限制性定語從句的區別指人指物在非限制性定語從句中的作用whowhomwhichasWhose=ofwhich/whom√主語 √賓語(不可省略)指代整個主句√主語 賓語(不可省略)√√定語3.非限制性定語從句中關系詞的用法1.關系代詞------非限制性定語從句主語、賓語、表語3.非限制性定語從句中關系詞的用法ofwhomofwhich歸納：①that不可用于引導非限制性定語從句②關系代詞who在非限制性定語從句中只能做主語，不能替代whom做賓語。③whose作定語,先行詞是人時,whose十n.相當于the+n.

+__________。先行詞是物時,whose十n.相當于

the+n.

+

__________。2.關系副詞-----非限制性定語從句(1)

關系副詞when在非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,指

代主句中表示________的詞語。(2)關系副詞where在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語,

指代

主句中表示________的詞語。(3)when/where有時可以換成“介詞十which”。(4)不能用why引導非限制性定語從句,要用___________

代替。時間地點forwhich【語境應用】完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity?4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomAs

everyoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.歸納3：as和which在引導非限制性定語從句時可代替整個主句。as和which引導非限制性定語從句時的位置不同:as引導的定語從句可置于___________________，而which引導的非限制性定語從句不可放在_______________________________。(3)as引導的定語從句有“__________的意思，而which指“_________”句首、句中句首，只能放在句中3.關系詞as和which的區別正如…….這…….as,which引導非限制性定語從句的區別aswhich指代引導的從句只能指代整個主句的內容引導的從句既可指代整個主句的內容，又可指代主句的某一名詞或代詞位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意義“正如，就像…”“這，那”功能起連接上下文的作用，表達說話人的觀點、看法，并指出主句內容的根據或出處等引導的從句，在意義上相當于一個并列句

as常見搭配

asisknowntoall；

asyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase眾所周知正如你所知道的那樣正如所預料的那樣正如我們所期待的正如上面所提到的正如報道/所說的那樣正如一句諺語所說/俗話說正如指出的正如你所看見的

情況通常如此①正如大家所看到的那樣，她工作一直很努力。Sheisalwaysworkinghard，____everyonecansee.②這本書很有教育意義，是我昨天買的。Thebook，______Iboughtyesterday,isveryinstructive.③她的誠實是大家有目共睹的。______everyonecansee,sheishonest.=Sheishonest，_______everyonecansee.④眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。______weallknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.⑤湯姆突然病倒了，這讓我們很傷心。Tomsuddenlyfellill，_______madeusverysad.aswhichAsasAswhichP.621Choosethewordsintheboxtocompletethesentences.whowhomwhichwhosewhenwhere

in/of/forwhichofwhom1Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic,________isreallyannoying.2ProfessorLu,________youspoketo,specialisesinconstitutionallaw.3Pleasecomebackatfouro’clock,________yourherbalmedicinewillbeready.4Whatdoyouwanttowriteaboutthesepeople,________storiesIhavejusttoldyou?5HaveyoubeentotheLouvreMuseum,________youcanseetheMonaLisaondisplay?6Thereare45studentsinourclass,out________only10aretakinganoptionalartcourse.7Hermotherworksinacompany,________employeesareallwomen.8Itisvitaltolearntousethesesoftwareprogrammes,both________canhelpyouwith

collectionandevaluation.

whichwho(m)whenwhosewhereinwhichofwhomofwhichinwhichwhere

P.622Decidewhetherthesentencesarerightorwrong.Correctthemwhere

necessary.1Pleasewritedownthesephrases,allofthemwillbeusefulinyourwriting.2Asaconsequenceofsendinginhisapplicationlate,hedidnotgetapatentforhisinvention,

thatwasnotsurprisingatall.3Theresearchersareevaluatingthousandsofplants,whichhavedistinctmedicalproperties.4Thegentleoldmanistheonlyperson,whomIcantrust.5Haveyoudoneallwhatyoucantohelpthepeopleinneed?6Isthisthebotanicalinstitutewhereyouvisitedlastweek?∧and(構成并列句)which(構成主從復合句)which(非限定性從句不能