Unit1SectionALearningaForeignLanguagePart1Pre-readingActivitiesIntroducethethemeof“learningaforeignlanguage”byshowingSsthetitleofthetext.Askstudentsfollowingquestionsaboutwaysoflearningaforeignlanguage(showthemonthescreen).Howdoyouusuallylearnaforeignlanguage?ClassLearningOnlineLearningSelflearningDoyouknowwhatisonlinelearning?Reference:AformofdistanceeducationLearningthroughanetworkedcomputerOnlinelearningoftentakesplaceontheInternet.Inanonlinelesson,studentsworkwithacomputerprogramtoselectthematerialstheyshouldbelearning.OpenclassinNetEase.Basedonpeopletocomputercommunication(learningsoftwareorwebbrowsers)/peopletopeoplecommunicationthroughinternet(chatonline)Thematerialspresented:text,graphics,animatedgraphics,audio,video,acombinationoftheseorothermultimediaplayerssuchasWindowsMediaPlayerHaveyoueverhadanonlinelearningexperience?Part2Newwordsandexpressions1?reward：vt.①givearewardtoorfor獎賞；回報Ourpatiencewasfinallyrewarded.我們的耐心最終得到了回報。Herewardedushandsomely(=withalotofmoney).對于我們的幫助，他大加酬謝。n.[C,U]?somethingasareturnforgoodandvaluabledoings.獎賞，回扌艮Thebankdevelopedanewsystemof~stoencouragetheclerkstoworkharder.銀行推行新的獎勵制度鼓勵員工更加努力工作。②Moneyofferedorgivenforsomespecialservice,suchasthereturnofalostarticleorthecaptureofacriminal報酬，酬金A$100rewardhasbeenofferedforthereturnofthenecklace.已經懸賞100美元找尋項鏈。A$25,000rewardisbeingofferedforinformationleadingtothearrestoftherobbers.rewarding:offeringorlikelytooffersatisfactionorgratification值得的shefoundtheexperienceveryrewarding.她返現這個經理使他受益匪淺。Awardn.1.[C]Aprizesuchasmoney,etc.forsththatsbhasdone獎，獎品，獎金，獎狀：towin/receive/getanawardforsth因某事贏得/得到/獲得獎項Hewasnominatedforthebestactoraward.他獲得最佳男演員獎提名。[U]theofficialdecisiontogivesth(suchasaDIPLOMA)tosb(畢業證書等的)授予：HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforliterature.他被授予最佳諾貝爾文學獎。【詞義辨析1】award,reward這三個詞都可以作名詞。award意為“獎、獎品”,為可數名詞，指對某些突出的成就給與的獎勵，其獎品可以是錢或物。reward意為“酬勞，獎賞”，可作為可數名詞或不可數名詞，通常指對工作、服務的酬勞，幫人尊回失物或捉拿罪犯等功勞的獎賞。prize意為“獎金，獎品，獎賞”，其意義幾乎與award相同，但語氣不如award不正式。Theawardforthisyear'sbestactresswenttoher.她是今年的最佳女演員得主。Wehavegained/got/obtainedthefirstprize.我們已經獲得了一等獎。Hehasreceivednorewardforhisservice.他沒有因為服務而獲得報酬。詞義辨析2】award,reward這兩個詞都可作為動詞。award作為動詞時，意為“授予，給予;判給”，通常指官方或法院根據有關規定把錢財獎給或判給某人。后面可跟雙賓語。reward作為動詞時.意為“為(某事)酬勞(某人)”，其后一般以人或人的行為作賓語。reward后跟with用來說明以何物作為報酬。Theuniversityawardedhimanhonorarydegree.這所大學授予他名譽學位。Thecourtawardedhimdamagesof$5,000.法院判給他損害賠償金5000美金。HowcanIrewardyourkindness?我如何酬謝你的好意呢？frustrate：vt.①preventfromaccomplishingapurposeorfulfillingadesire阻礙，挫敗使挫折②causefeelingsofdiscouragementorbafflementin使沮喪，使灰心；Apoormemoryfrustratedhereffortstobecomeanactress.糟糕的記憶力阻礙了她成為女演Theweatherfrustratedourplans.天氣破壞了我們的計劃。Itisfrustratingwhenyoureinahurryandthetrafficisn'tmoving.3?Thegirlwas ashopassistant;sheisnowamanagerinalargedepartmentstoreApreliminarilyB.FormallyCpreviouslyDformerlyGiventhechoicebetweenapieceofchocolateandabook,mostwillchoosetheformer.Theformerpresidentmadeaspeechattheconference.unlike:adj.①notalike;different不相象的；不同的prep.differentfrom;notlike區別于；不象She'sunliketherestofherfamily.她不同于她家里的其他成員。Fortwins,theyareveryunlike.作為一對雙胞胎，他們很不一樣。【近義詞】alike:adj?.同樣的，相似的；類似的adv.—樣地like:prep?相似，類似：具有…的特點；相象；相似5?opportunity:n.(-ties)afavorableorsuitableoccasionortime機會；時機【詞義辨析】opportunity,occasion,chance,break這組詞的一般含義是“時機”或“機會”。不管在口語中或者在文學作品中，這幾個都是常用的詞。opportunity表示某時機符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。“伺機而動”waitforanopportunitytotakeaction;Opportunityknocks(atthedoor)butonce.機不可失，失不再來。occasion含有opportunity所能表達的這樣一層意思：某時機能激發或喚起某人的某種行為。chance常意味著因為運氣或偶然而出現的機遇:Don'tthrowthischanceaway;itwon'tcomearoundagain.不要讓這個機會溜走；否則它是不會再來的。break作為“時機”解時，一般要求修飾語，如：agoodbreak,abadbreak,即“走運”或“壞運氣”。【考點】復數通常用media。6?access:ntherighttohaveorusesth享用權IfyoudonothaveaccesstotheInternet,wewillsendsomeonetohelpyou.ameansofenteringaplace通道，入口Thesoldiersguardedtheonlyaccesstothebuilding士兵把守著通向那棟樓的唯一通道。Theonlyaccesstothatancientcastleisalongamuddytrack..到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一條泥濘小路。【用法】has/gain/get/obtain?to有權做某事Before1949,manypeoplegetnoaccesstoeducationinChina.1949年以前，在中國很多人沒有受教育的機會。virtual:adj.①existingorresultinginessenceoreffectthoughnotinactualfact,form,orname實質上的，實際上的②虛擬的virtually:adv.infactortoallpurposes;practically實際上；事實上Sheisthevirtualpresident,thoughthertitleissecretary.雖然她的頭銜是秘書，她是實際上的董事長。Mybook'svirtuallyfinished.我的書實際上已寫完了。commitment:n.apromisetodosth..承諾?tosth.獻身某事/承諾某事fulfill/carryout?履行諾言 backaway?背棄諾言Theorganizationhasmadea?toplant5,000trees.acommitmenttopay$50000toRedCross承諾向紅十字會提供50000美元thehardworkandloyaltythatsomeonegivestoanorganization,activitiesdevotion投入，致力，獻身Onlinelearningdemandyour?.Her?toherjobisbeyonddoubt.她的敬業精神不容置疑。Theteamshowedgreat?.這只隊伍表現出強烈的奉獻精神。obligation,responsibility承擔義務，責任I'vetakenontoomany?s.我承擔的義務太多了。Hedoesn'twanttogetmarriedbecauseheisafraidofanycommitments.他不想結婚,因為他害怕承擔任何責任。9?embarrass:v.t.?causetofeelself-consciousorillatease;disconcert使尷尬，使難堪embarrassing:adj.令人為難的embarrassment:n.困窘，阻礙Theothersembarrassedherwhentheylaughedhermistake.人們嘲笑她的錯誤讓她很尷尬。Itwas~thatIcannotrememberyourname.好尷尬，我記不起你的名字了。Thedoctoraskedmealotof~questions.醫生問了我許多令人尷尬的問題。10?continually:adj.recurringregularlyorfrequently不停的；連續的continually:adv.連續不斷地Hehatesthesecontinualarguments.他討厭這種無休止的爭論。【詞義辨析】continual,continuous,constant,successive,frequent,usual這些形容詞都表示不停的，不間斷的”。Continual一般指多次重復的動作pleasestopyourcontinualquestions.請不要接二連三的提問。Continuous則強調動作或物體不間斷的驚醒下去。Theychatteredcontinuouslyforanhour.他們嘮叨了足有一個小時。Acontinuousflowoftraffic接連不斷的來往車輛。constant意為“連續的”，著重強調不變、穩定和持久的特點。successive意為“連續的”，表示相互關聯的事物或事情一個接一個的發生，強調按一定的次序進行。11?insight:n.[C,U]（常與into連用）Anaccurateordeepunderstandingofsomething洞悉;深刻的了解Studyingsciencegavemegreatinsightsintonaturallaw.學習科學只是使我對自然規律有了深刻的了解。Wehelptroubledteenagersgainsomeinsightintotheirownproblem.我們幫助問題青少年認識他們的問題insightful:adj.showingorhavinginsight;perceptive有洞察力的；有悟性的Expressions1?attimes:E.g.Itwasdifficultattimes.有時挺難的。beworthsth./doingsth.:具有什么的價值Ourhouseisworthabout$350,000.Eachquestionisworth4points.每個問題有4分。Thefilmisdefinitelyworthseeing.這電影絕對值得一看。farfrom:farfrom+a./n./v-ing:很不；決非；非但 反而Myparentsarefarfromsatisfiedwithmyacademicperformance.(not???atall)父母對我的學業很不滿意。Farfromturningdownthestereo,heturneditup.(ratherthan)他非但不將音響的音量關小，反而調高了音量。Farfrom(beingangry),heisveryhappy.她一點也不生氣，反而很高興。keepupwith:satisfy/meet/keepstepwith趕上，不落后Itisimportantto?thechangeofthesociety.跟上時代的變化非常重要。Alotofyoungwomenliketokeepupwiththelatestfashions.許多年輕女性愛趕時髦。Ihavetroublekeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.跟上全班的學習我有點困難。比較：catchupwith:追上，趕上，與…并駕齊驅tocatchupwiththeschoolbus趕上校車5?feellikesth?/doingsth:Ifeellikehavingarest.可以不打牌了嗎？我想休息一會兒。Letitgo,hethought.Hedidn'tfeellikearguing.順其自然吧，他想。他不想爭辯。6?giveupsth/doingsth:stopdoingsth.giveupthehope放棄希望giveupsmoking戒煙Thoughfacedwithmanydifficulties,hewouldnotgiveuponlinelearning.雖然面臨很多困難，她還是不會放棄網上學習。7.thinkout:consideralltheaspectsofsth.beforedoingit.仔細考慮，推敲E.g.Wemustthinkeverythingoutcarefully.我們必須把一切都想清楚。8?comeacross:E.g.Haveyoucomeacrossthisproblem?你遇至U過這個問題嗎？He?anoldfriendonthestreetoneday.9.trade^for/with:exchangefor歌迷用五張光盤換到一張演唱會的入場券。ThefantradedfiveCDsforaconcertticket.ThefantradedaconcertticketwithfiveCDs.Iwouldtrademydictionaryforyourbook.10?nowthat:becauseofsth.orasaresultofsth.Yououghttohaveagoodrestnowthatyou'vefinishedyourwork.既然已完成了工作，你就應該好好休息一下。NowthatJohnhasarrived,wecanbeginourmeeting.11?reachoutto:communicatewith;contactWiththeintroductionoftheInternet,wecanreachouttoourfriendsbyemail.由于互聯網的使用，我們可以通過店子郵件與朋友聯系。ReachforHereachedforthephoneanddialedthenumber12?InsteadofHewanttostayathomeinsteadofgoingoutshoppingwithfriends.Step3?While-readingActivitiesFastReading:AskSstoreadthepassageasquicklyastheycan.Askthemtounderlinethetopicsentenceineachparagraphorsummarizeitbysimpleword.Para.1:Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Para.2:Myexperiencewithlearningaforeignlanguageinjuniorschoolwasveryhappy.Para.3:Myexperienceinseniorschoolwasfrustratingandunhappy.Para.4:Thesituationchangedincollege,butitwasfarfromperfect.Para.5:IwasofferedanopportunitytostudyEnglishthroughanonlinecourse.Para.6:Onlinelearningisnoteasierthanregularclassroomstudy.Para.7:Ipracticedallthetime.Para.8:Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.Step4TextstructureIntroduction(Para.1)Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Theauthor's4stagesoflanguagelearningexperiences(Paras.2-7)Theparagraphsarearrangedintimesequence:languagelearningexperiencefromJuniormiddleschoolSeniormiddleschoolCollegeOnlinelearningConclusion(Para.8)Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.Mainidea:Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Devicesfordevelopingit:1.DeductionOrganizationfromgeneraltospecific(演繹法)Generalstatement(Topic):Learningaforeignlanguagewasoneofthemostdifficultyetmostrewardingexperiencesofmylife.Specificstatements:Myexperienceinjuniormiddleschool(Para.2):akindandpatientteacherwhopraisedallofthestudents…positivemethod...eagerlyansweredquestions,atthetopofmyclassMyexperienceinseniormiddleschool(Para.3):an(impatient)teacher...punishedthosewhomademistakes...shakingitupanddown...shouted...losemyeagerness/desiretosayanythinginEnglishMyexperienceatcollege(Para.4):farfromperfect...verylargeclassandbetterstudents.feelintimidated.afraidtospeak.atthesamelevelforeverMyexperiencewiththeonlinecourse(Para.5-7):requirecommitmentanddiscipline.virtualclassroom.practiceallthetime.crywithfrustration.feellikegivingup.reapedthebenefitsofhardworkConclusion(Para.8):amosttryingexperience,butonethatIwouldnottradeforanything.teachmethevalueofhardwork.givemeinsightsintoanotherculture.mymind.openedtonewwaysofseeingthings.themostwonderfulresultofhavinglearnedaforeignlanguage.communicatewithmanymorepeoplethanbefore.oneofmyfavoriteactivities.bridgethegapbetweenmycultureandtheirsStep5.detailedreadingStep6.Usefulexpression.有意義的經歷arewardingexperience.值得去努力itiswellworththeeffort.在班里名列前茅tobeatthetopoftheclass渴望做某事beeagertodosth.對什么有耐心bepatientwith失去說英語的欲望losemydesire/eagernesstosayanythinginEnglish遠不盡人意、不完美befarfromperfect永遠停滯不前tostayatthesamelevelforever接觸到必要的設備togetaccesstothenecessaryequipment參加虛擬課堂participateinthevirtualclassroom.跟上課程進度tokeepupwiththeflowofthecourse滿足課程最低要求tomeettheminimumstandardssetbythecourse按時完成作業completeassignmentsontime.隨身攜帶什么carrysth.withsb.犯了很多令人尷尬的錯誤makeembarrassingmistakes因沮喪而哭泣tocryoutoffrustration想要放棄feellikegivingup想出主意thinkoutideas獲得努力學習的益處toreapthebenefitsofhardwork使我認識了另一種文化togivemeinsightsintoanotherculture彌合不同文化之間的鴻溝tobridgethegapbetweendifferentculturesStep7sentencepatternTypicalpatternsforcauseandeffect原句1):Becauseofthispositivemethod,IeagerlyansweredallthequestionsIcould,neverworryingmuchaboutmakingmistakes.(L.6)句型提煉Becauseof…,sbadv.doessth/is+adj.todosth,neverworrying/caringmuchabout…由于 ，某人很 做某事，從不怎么擔心….由于他對網上沖浪的興趣過濃，他很有可能一門心思上網，而不會關心自己的功課。Becauseofhisundueinterestinonlinesurfing,heislikelytoputallhismindonthisbusiness,nevercaringabouthisschoolwork.原句2):NowthatIspeakaforeignlanguage,insteadofstaringintospacewhenEnglishisbeingspoken,Icanparticipateandmakefriends(L.50)句型提煉Nowthatsb.does/hasdonesth.,insteadof?…，he/shecan/shoulddosth,else.由于/既然某人做某事，而不再 ,他/她就能做另一事。應用：a.既然我們上遠程英語課，而不再因在普通課堂上出錯感到難堪，那我們就能從網上學習中有所收獲。Nowthatwehavetakentheonlinecourse,insteadoffeelingembarrassedwhenmakingmistakesintheregularclass,wecanreapsomebenefitsfromit.應用：b.既然你能從心里上樂于接受新的思維方式，而不再對其視而不見，那你就有機會跟上時代的潮流。Nowthatyoucankeepyourmindopentonewwaysofthinking,insteadofturningablindeyetothem,youstandagoodchancetokeepupwiththeflowofthetimes.Typicalpatternsforcomparisonandcontrast:原句1)：Unlikemyseniormiddleschoolteacher,mycollegeEnglishteacherswerepatientandkind,andnoneofthemcarriedlong,pointedsticks!(L.16) 句型提煉Unlikesb./sth.else(that…)，sb./sth,is/does…應用:與我在高中時遇到的女孩不同，她很高傲自大，從不正眼看我一眼。UnlikethegirlsIcameacrossintheseniormiddleschool,sheisveryself-important,neverlookingmeintheeye.原句2):Learningaforeignlanguagehasbeenamosttryingexperienceforme,butonethatIwouldn'ttradeforanything.(L.44)句型提煉Doingsth.isamost+adj.experienceforsb.，butonethathe/shewouldnottrade/give/exchangeforanything.做某事對某人來說是非常……的經歷，但卻是一種用什么他/她都不換的經歷。應用：a.追求幸福對我來說是非常艱辛的經歷，但卻是一種用什么我都不換的經歷。Seekingafterhappinesshasbeenamostpainstakingexperience，butonethatIwouldnottradeforanything.補充：l.Wheneverweansweredincorrectly,shepointedalongstickatusand,shakingitupanddown,shouted...(Line.ll,伴隨狀語)Ineededtothinkoutmyideasandwroteareplybeforepostingitonthescreen.(Line.39,時間狀語)現在分詞作狀語(補充)現在分詞作狀語：時間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結果現在分詞作時間狀語(一般式/完成式)分詞動作一發生，謂語動作緊跟著發生，這時用現在分詞的一般式作時間狀語。常用的動詞，如:hear,see,arrive,return,getto,look,open,close,leave,turnaround,walk等，表示一個極短暫動作。e.g.Hearingtheirteacher'svoice,thepupilsstoppedtalkingatonce.(=Onhearingtheirteacher'svoice...=Assoonastheyheardtheirteacher'svoice,thepupils...)謂語動作發生在分詞所表示的動作過程之中，用現在分詞的一般式作時間狀語。e.g.Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(=When/whileworkinginthefactory…=Whenhewasworkinginthefactory,he...)分詞所表示的動作完成之后，謂語動作才發生，則要現在分詞的完成式，即havingdone的形式。e.g.HavingfinishedhishomeworktheboywasallowedtowatchTVplay.(=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework,theboy.=After/whenhehadfinishedhishomework,theboy.)現在分詞作條件狀語e.g.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you'llsucceed.現在分詞作原因狀語e.g.Havinglivedwiththegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell.=Becausewehavelivedwiththegirlfor5years,weallknowherverywell.現在分詞作讓步狀語e.g.Weighingalmostonehundredjinthestonewasmovedbyhimalone.=Althoughthestoneweightedalmostonehundredjin,itwasmovedbyhimalone.現在分詞作結果狀語e.g.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.=Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thusitcausedthedelay.現在分詞作伴隨方式狀語e.g.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.=Thechildrenlaughedandtalkedmerrily,andtheyranoutoftheroom.-ing形式作狀語，可表示時間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件等。如：Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper. （伴隨）HangWeiwenttoschool,takingatrain. （方式）Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime. （時間）Nothavingreceivedareply,wewroteagain. （原因）Heatingwater，wecanchangeitintovapor. （條件）注意：①-ing形式作狀語，其邏輯主語應與句子的主語一致。②-ing形式前可有while,when,unless,though,訐等連詞。SectionBKeytoSuccessfulOnlineLearningPart1readingskills-findingoutwordmeaningPart2LanguagePointsplayarole/part:haveapositionorjobin?…：E.g.peoplecometounderstandthatcomputersareplayinganincreasingimportantroleinourmunity:Communityproblems社會問題communityfacilities公共設施［構詞法］:com(prefix:共同)+muni(stem:服務)+ty(suffix:性質，狀態)Familymembers:communev.交流;交談communicatev.傳送;聯絡;通訊expand:E.g.toexpanddomesticdemand擴大內需tobecome/beawareof:tobecome/beconsciousof;tobeawaketo;sense;haveafeelingthat意識到…E.g.Mostsmokersare?ofthedangerofthesmoking多數吸煙者都清楚吸煙的危害。Hewasnot?thathissonhadquittedhisjob.他不知道兒子已經辭職。Itcannotbelongbeforepeoplebecomeawareofthedangerofbadlivinghabitstotheirhealth.要不了多久，人們就會意識到不良的生活習慣對其健康的危害.unique:wordingbuilding:uni-:oneuniformadj./n./v.相同的/制服/使一致unionn.聯合;結合;合并;一致;工會unitn.單位;單元unitev.聯合;結合;合并;兼備unityn.單一性;統一體;聯合;和諧universala.—般的;通用的;宇宙的tobeopen-mindedabout:keepone'smindopentoE.g.Oneoughttobeopen-mindedaboutsuchthings.對這種事，要思想解放一些。visual:visualdefect/impression/nerve/test/navigation/education視力缺陷/視覺印象/視覺神經/視力測試/目視導航/直觀教育barrier:breakdown/removeabarrier消除障礙build/erect/setup/putupabarrier設置障礙constitute/formabarrier(to)構成障礙overcomeabarrier克服障礙languagebarrierLackofself-confidenceisoneofthebiggestbarrierstoyoursuccessincareers.缺乏自信心是你在職業生涯上取得成功的最大障礙之一。hinder:E.g.Don'thinderme.別妨礙我。inaddition:besides;moreover;furthermore;likewise;also;what'smore此外，另夕卜E.g.Inaddition,supportandmaintenancearesimplified.此外，支持和維護也簡化了。reflecton/upon:E.g.reflectonone'sownthoughtsandfeelings深刻地反思自己的思想和感覺critical:句型Itis/wascriticalthat…"(should)do…E.g.Itiscriticalthatyou(should)keepupwiththeflowoftheonlinecourse.跟上網絡課程的進度十分重要。Hemadecriticalanalysisofthecurrentsituation.她對目前的形式做了批評性分析Don'tbesocriticalofeveryoneelse.不要對其他人都這樣挑剔findingfault:E.g.Somepeoplearealwaysfindingfault.有些人總是好吹毛求疵。perspective:toviewsth.fromanewperspective從新的視角看待某事tolackperspective缺乏洞察力toseethingsintheirrightperspective正確地觀察事物E.g.Anytheory,ifseeninitswrongperspective,willturnouttobemoreofabarrierthanaguidetoitspractice.任何理論，若不能正確看待之，最終不但不能指導實踐反而成為其障礙。speakup:saysth,expressone'sidea.Don'tbeafraidodspeakingup,even訐youdonotagreewiththecontentofmylecture.你不同意我講課的內容，你也可以大膽陳述自己的觀點。SpeaklouderI'madeaf,soyouhavetospeakup.arise:E.g.Accidentsarisefromcarelessness.疏忽大意往往會引起事故的發生。Insomecases,difficultiesarisebecauseoffailuretocommunicate.在有些情況下，困難的產生是因為交流失敗。explicit:tobeexplicitaboutsth.對某事表達清晰tobeexplicitwithsth./sb.對某人/事很坦然tobeexplicitonthepoint/problem在這一點/問題上態度明確Weneedanexplicitexplanationabutthefailureoftheproject.這個計劃為什么失敗，我們需要明確的解釋。comment:togive/makecommentonsth.對…發表評論tocommentonsth.對某事加以評論requiremente.g.toanswer/fill/fulfill/meet/satisfytheentrancerequirements 符合入學條件totightenmembershiprequirements嚴格會員條件toset/establishrequirements規定必要條件tosupplyeveryrequirementforonlinelearning提供網上學習的必需品(supplies)tobebeyond/belowrequirements供大于求/供不應求tobearequirementforsth.是某事的必要條件Familymembers:acquirev.獲得；習得(n.acquirement)inquire/enquirev.詢問；調查(n.inquiry)requirev.需求；要求(n.requirement)questn./v.探詢；探求/搜尋(n.question)questionnairen.問卷調查conquestn.征服；戰利品requestn./v.請求；需要；要求acquisitionn.獲得(a.acquisitive想獲得的)reinforce:makesthstronger強化，力口固E.g.Theexperienceofwarcanreinforcepeople'ssenseofinsecurities.戰爭經理會加劇人文的不安全感。Parentsshouldtryto?thereadingskillstheirchildrenlearnatschool.鞏固閱讀技巧。Reinforcedmit:decidetouseforapurpose用于E.g.tocommitsthto(doing)sth.把某物專門用于…dosth.wrongorillegal犯(罪)；干(壞事)：E.g.tocommitanerror才犯錯承諾Thecityhascommitteditselftocleaninguptheenvironment.這個城市承諾要清潔環境。E.g.tocommitsth.tosb'scare把某事托付給某人關照Beforeyoucommityourselftothiscontractyoushouldtakeacoupleofhourstothinkitthrough.在你答應履行此合同之前，應拿出幾個小時的時間進行全面的考慮。tocommitsth.tosb'sca