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兵馬俑英文導游詞篇一:秦始皇兵馬俑英文導游詞
EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumandtheTerra-cottaWarriorsandHorsesMuseum
EmperorQinShihuang(259-210B.C.)hadYingashissurnameandZhengashisgivenname.HenametothethroneoftheQinatage13,andtookthehelmofthestateatageof22.By221B.C.,hehadannexedthesixrivalprincipalitiesofQi,Chu,Yan,Han,ZhaoandWei,andestablishedthefirstfeudalempireinChina’shistory.
Intheyear221B.C.,whenheunifiedthewholecountry,YingZhengstyledhimselfemperor.HenamedhimselfShihuangDi,thefirstemperorinthehopethathislatergenerationsbethesecond,thethirdeventheonehundredthandthousandthemperorsinproperordertocarryonthehereditarysystem.Sincethen,thesupremefeudalrulersofChina’sdynastieshadcontinuedtocallthemselvesHuangDi,theemperor.
Afterhehadannexedtheothersixstates,EmperorQinShihuangabolishedtheenfeoffmentsystemandadoptedtheprefectureandcountysystem.Hestandardizedlegal
codes,writtenlanguage,track,currencies,weightsandmeasures.ToprotectagainstharassmentbytheHunaristocrats.EmperorQinShihuangorderedtheGreatWallbebuilt.Allthesemeasuresplayedanactiveroleineliminatingthecauseofthestateofseparationanddivisionandstrengtheningtheunificationofthewholecountryaswellaspromotionthedevelopmentofeconomyandculture.TheyhadagreatanddeepinfluenceuponChina’s2,000yearoldfeudalsociety.
EmperorQinShihuangorderedthebooksofvariousschoolsburnedexceptthoseoftheQindynasty’shistoryandculture,divinationandmedicinesinanattempttopushhisfeudalautocracyintheideologicalfield.Asaresult,China’sancientclassicshadbeendevastatedanddestroy.Moreover,heonceordered460scholarsbeburiedalive.Thoseeventswerelatercalledinhistory“theburningofbooksandtheburyingofConfucianscholars.〞
EmperorQinShihuang,forhisownpleasure,conscribedseveralhundredthousandconvictsandwentin
forlarge-scaleconstructionandhadoversevenhundredpalacesbuiltintheGuanzhongPlain.Thesepalacesstretchedseveralhundredliandhesoughtpleasurefromonepalacetotheother.Oftennobodyknehereherangingtreasuresinsidethetomb,wereenclosedalive.
EmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumhasnotyetbeenexcavated.Whatlookslikeinsidecouldnolybeknownwhenitisopened.However,thethreepitsoftheterra-cottawarriotexcavatedoutsidetheeastgateoftheouterenclosureofthenecropoliscanmakeoneimaginehowmagnificentandluxuriousthestructureofEmperorQinShihuang’sMausoleumwas.
No.1PitwasstumbleduponinMarch1974whenvillagersofXiyangVillageofYanzhaitownship,LintongCounty,sankawell1.5kmeastofthemausoleum.In1976,No.2and3Pitswerefound20mnorthofNo.1Pitrespectivelyafterthedrillingsurvey.Theterra-cottawarriorsandhorsesarearrayedaccordingtotheQindynastybattleformation,symbolizingthetroopskeeping
vigilbesidethemausoleum.Thisdiscoveryarousedmuchinterestbothathomeandabroad.In1975,amuseum,housingthesiteofNo.1andcoveringanareaof16,300squaremeterswasbuiltwiththepermissionoftheStateCouncil.ThemuseumwasformallyopenedtopubliconOct.1,theNationalDay,1979.
No.1Pitis230meterslongfromeasttowest,62mwidefromnorthtosouthand5mdeep,coveringatotalareaof14,260squaremeters.Itisanearth-and-woodstructureintheshapeofatunnel.Therearefiveslopingentrancesontheeasternandwesternsidesofthepitrespectively.Thepitisdividedintoelevencorridorsbytenearthenpartitionwalls,andthefloorsarepavedwithbricks.Thickrafterswereplacedontothewalls(butnowonecanonlyseetheirremains),whichwerecoveredwithmatsandthenfinesoilandearth.ThebattleformationoftheQindynasty,facingeast.Intheeastendarearrayedthreelinesofterra-cottawarriors,70piecesineach,totaling210pieces.Theyaresupposedtobethevanoftheformation.Immediatelybehindthemare38columnsofinfantrymen
alternatingwithwarchariotsinthecorridors,eachbeing180mlong.Theyareprobablythemainbodyoftheformation.Thereisonelineofwarriorsintheleft,rightandwestendsrespectively,facingoutwards.Theyareprobablytheflanksandtherear.Therearealtogether27trialtrench,itisassumedthatmorethan6,000claywarriorsandhorsescouldbeunearthedfromNo.1Pit.
No.2PitsisabouthalfthesizeofNo.1Pit,coveringabout6,000squaremetersTraildiggingsshowthisisapositeformationofinfantry,cavalryandchariotsoldiers,fromwhichroughlyover1,000claywarriors,and500chariotsandsaddledhorsescouldbeunearthed.The2,000-year-oldwoodenchariotsarealreadyrotten.Buttheirshafts,crossyokes,andwheels,etc.leftclearimpressionsontheearthbed.Thecopperpartsofthechariotsstillremain.Eachchariotispulledbyfourhorseswhichareoneandhalfmetershighandtwometreslong.Accordingtotextualresearch,theseclayhorsesweresculpturesafterthebreedintheareaofHexiCorridor.Thehorsesforthecavalrymenwerealreadysaddled,butwithnostirups.
篇二:兵馬俑英文導游詞
TheEmperorQin'sTerra-cottaWarriors
TheEmperorQin'sTerra-cottaWarriors,whichwasopenedtotheworldfromOctober,1thin1979,hadmadegreatachievementforbothChineseandthepeopleallovertheworldthroughhardimprovementallalongtheseyears,beingaworld-famouslarge-scalerelics.Andnow,itiscalled“theeighthwonderoftheworld〞and“oneofthegreatestdiscoveryinthearcheologicalhistoryduring20century.
InDecemberof1987,theUNESCO(TheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)haseolledmausoleumofthefirstemperorofQin,includingTerra-cottaWarriorsinthelistoftheWorldCulturalHeritage.ItisnotonlytheprecioustreasureofChinesepeople,butalsothatoftheentirehuman.Withbloodandhardships,Chineseancientpeoplecreatedthisamazingmarvel.
So,wearewonderinghowthisgreatmarvelbediscoveredWell,in1974,adistrictofXi’an,LinTongwassufferingseveredrought.AvillagercalledYangZhifa,alongwiththreeothervillagerswenttodigawellfortheirproductionteam.Hewascuttingtheearthandabighoehemadewasobstacledbysomethingveryhard,thenhecontinuedtodigonandon.Finally,theydugoutaseeminglyhuman-likefigurine.Thethreeothervillagersranawayimmediatelybecauseatthattime,itwassaidthatdigginga“head〞wasanominousthing.Whentheyfoundthat,theyalwaysburiedwhat’sfoundandkeptitasecret.ButforYangZhifait’ssomethingdifferent.HeinstalledthosediscoveriesintohisJiaziche(akindoffarmingtool)andtookthemtotheleaderoftheirCulturalcenterofthecounty.Theleaderoftheculturalcenterjudgeditmustbeaculturalrelicbefore2000years.HewassohappythathegaveYangZhifa30yuanforgreatthanks,whichwashiswholesalarythen.AndforYang,itwasalsoatreasure.InJulyofthatyear,Shaanxigovernmentorganizedarcheologicalteamtoinvestigateandcleanthatarea,whichwaslaterdiscoveredmoreandmore.Atlast,inOctober1thin1979,theEmperorQin'sTerra-cottaWarriorswasofficiallyopenedtotheworld.
Now,letusbeclosertothisworldmarvel.
After20yearsofcarefuldiscoverythreeundergroundvaultsofficiallyopenedto
thepublicin1979,1989,and1994respectively,theQinmuseumdisplayedthousandsofTerra-CottaWarriors,horsesandchariots,allarrangedinmilitaryarray.
Firstly,letusseetheVault1,builtwithearthandtimber,with210meterslong,60meterswideand4.6to6.5metershigh.Inthisareaof12,600squaremeters,sixthousandlife-sizedwarriorsandhorsesofterra-cottawerefoundinalarge-scalemilitaryarray.Allofthosesoldierswereinunifieduniformwithheightof1.8meters.Theywearhelmetsandarmorandcarryrealbowsandarrows,swords,lances,gunsandcrossbowsintheirhands.Eachchariot,madeofwood,isdrawnbyateamoffourhorses,1.5metersinheight.Threerowsofwalkingsoldiersmakeupthepioneerofthearray,andthesearefollowedbythemainpartofthearmy,38rowsoftroops.Therearealsoflankcolumnsandrearguards.Atthethirdtimeoftheirdiscovery,archaeologistfoundthatwhentheybuiltthosetroops,ourancientpeoplehadusedthetechniqueofcolorfuldecoration,mainlywithgrey,redandwhite.Andalsointhistime,theyhadnewdiscoveryinthetypesofTerra-CottaWarriors.
Now,whatwearelookingatistheVault2.ItisapproximatelyahalfofvaultIinsize,holdingnearlyathousandpotterywarriors.paredwithVault1,thesewarriorsareofalargervarietyandarrangedinamoreplexbattlearray.UnlikeVault1,thewarchariotsandwalkingsoldiersarearrangedseparatelyinfoursquareformationswhicharelinkedtooneanotherinapolygon.Again,however,thewarriorscarryrealweapons,whichisalsoasurprisingpointforustoseeit.Theprojectingpartofthepolygonconsistsofarchers,eitherstandingorkneeling,withcrossbowsorhandbowsandquiversandsoappearstobethepioneerofthesquarearray.Thearchersarefollowedbyaunitofcavalrymentotheleftandoneofchariotstotheright,formingthetwowingsofthephalanx.Walkingsoldiersandwarchariotsbringuptherear.Eachchariotwasdrawnbyfourhorseshas1ldriverandtwoassistants,oneoneitherside.Thecharioteersarearmoredandcarryspears,swordsandcrossbows,indicatingthattheycouldengageinlong-rangebattles,
short-rangefightingandhand-to-handbat.Allthecavalrymencarrycrossbows,asignthatshootingonhorsebackwasamonpracticeinthearmyatthattime,Andonemorething,fromamongthechariotsarobustandunusuallytallfigureat
1.95metershasbeenunearthed.Hisarmorisinterlinkedandoverlappedwithfinermetalpiecesthanthatofthemonsoldiers,andheisbelievedtobeahigh-rankingmanderofthe1egion.
So,audience,noeetotheVault3,whichisamodestbuildingmoreresemblingagallery.Ithas69potterywarriorswithdefensiveweaponsandawoodenchariotpulledbyfourmagnificenthorses.Thestructureofthegalleryandtheline-upofthesoldierssuggestthatthiswaslikelytheheadquartersofthetroopsofVault1and2.However,themanderismissing.Manyarchaeologistsbelievethatsincetheundergroundarmyrepresentstheemperor'sgarrisonunderhisdirectmand,nomarshalwasnecessary.
Altogethertenthousandpiecesofactualweapoyhavebeenunearthedfromthethreevaults,includingarrow-heads,swords,spearsandhalberds.Twolong-handledswordsdugoutrecentlyarestillsharpandgleamingdespitetheirburialformorethantwothousandyears.Somebronzearrow-headsfromVault2are41cminlengthand100gramsinweight.TheyarethebiggestbronzeweaponsexcavatedinChina.ImportanttothestudyofQintechnologywasthediscoveryofbronzearrow-headsandswordstreatedwithapreservativethathaspreventederosionfor22centuries.Chemicalanalysisrevealedtheswordtohavebeencastofanalloyofcopper,tinandvariousotherelements,includingnickel,magnesium,andcobalt.Thearrow-headswhichcontain7.71percentleadareconsideredbyarchaeologiststobetheworld'smostpoisonous.
Expertsexpectfuturediscoveriestounearthevenmoreamazingarttreasures.ButtheywarnthatitmayrequiretheeffortsofoneortwogenerationstorecovertheentiretombplexofEmperorQinShiHuang.
Thethreevaultsarewellpreservedinthreemodernconstructions,eachwithanarcheddomeandacorridoralongthesideofthevaultsothatvisitorsmayoverlooktherestoredfiguresofwarriors,horsesandchariotsintheiroriginalformations.Vault2isequippedwithdevicesforregulatingtemperature,lightingandairhumidity.
Afterwevisitedthesesoldiers,let’stalkaboutthesignificantmeaningoftheTerra-CottaWarriors.Firstofall,itshowsanimportantpointinthedevelopmentoftheancientweaponsandwhathavemilitaryinthatperiodhadcameto.Itisveryusefulforthehistoriansandarchaeologiststodoresearchonthosesubjects.Secondly,asweknow,thewarriorsundergrounduserealweaponsandwhatweretheseweaponsmadeofOftenpeopleask“whydidQinShiHuangmadesomanymuddysoldierstobeburiedwithhimafterdeath〞Somepeoplesaythatwhenhewasalive,heconquerthesixnationsandmadethemintegrated,spendingmostofhislife.Thatwasangreatachievementasanemperor.That’sundisputed.So,inordertoshowandmemorizehisearlyachievement,hethoughtitanecessitytohavesoldiersashisfuneralobjects.
TherearestillotherpeoplewhoholdtheopinionthattheTerra-CottaWarriorsisasymbolofQinShiHuang’soverwhelmingruleandthefamouscentralizedpower.Itshowshowgreathismilitarypowerwasandhisbigambition.HebuilttheTerra-CottaWarriorsinordertodefendtheattackofothersmallcountryandkeepthecountryunified.AnothergroupofpeoplethinkthatQinShiHuangbuiltthisbecauseheknewhehadkilledtoomanylivesduringhisruleandthatisabigcriminal,sohewantedto
havesomekindofprotectionafterhedied.Thereforewehavetoday’sTerra-CottaWarriorsasaworld-famoussite.Andsomepeoplethinkthisopinionridiculous.Alsosomebelievethatitisatypeofancestorworshipinancienttimes.
Somebelieveitisjustthefuneralobjects.
WhatistherealgoalofhisbuildingtheTerra-CottaWarriors篇三:兵馬俑英文導游詞
ThemuseumofTerracottaWarriorsandHorses
Ladiesandgentlemen,goodmorning,sonicetoseeyouagain.Today,wearegoingtovisittheMuseumofTerracottaWarriorsandHorses.ThismuseumislocatedatthefootofmountainLiShan,about35kilometerseastofXi’an.Ontheway,Iwillgiveyouabriefintroductionaboutthemasterofthisundergroundarmy---theFirstQinEmperor.HisnamewasYingzheng.Hecametothethroneattheageof13in246BCandseizedthepowerattheageof22in237BC.By221BC,whenhewasonly39yearsold,hehadannexedallthesixindependentstatesandestablishedthefirstcentralizedautocraticfeudalempireinthelonghistoryofChina.//秦始皇簡介
Aftertheunificationofthewholecountry,hestyledhimselftheFirstEmperorandstandardizedthecoinage,weightsandmeasures,thelegalcodes,thewrittenscriptsandsoon.HealsoorderedthelinkageoftheoriginalGreatWall.AlltheseexertedaneverlastinginfluenceonthelongfeudalhistoryofChina.//功績簡介
But,justlikeeachcoinhastwosides,theFirstQinEmperorthoughthiscontributionswerebeyondpare,sohebecamemoreandmorearrogantandambitious.Assoonashecametothethrone,heorderedthatamagnificentmausoleumshouldbebuiltforhim.Andaftertheunificationofthewholecountry,heevengathered700,000conscriptsfromallpartsofthecountrytoworkonhismausoleum.Infact,ittook37yearstopletethisproject.Andthesiteofthoseterracottawarriorsandhorses,wearegoingtovisit,isjustasmallpartofhismausoleum.
Ok,everyone,noearestandingatthefrontgateoftheEighthWonderoftheworld---theMuseumofTerracottaWarriorsandHorses.Therearethreepitsofwarriorsandhorsesandtwobronzechariotshavebeenfound.ThefirstonewasdiscoveredinMarch1974whenseveralfarmersweresinkingawell.Andin1976,another2pitswerealsouncovered.Theycoveratotalareaof20,780squaremeters.AndthebronzechariotswerefoundinDecember1980.Inordertoprotectthisterracottaarmy,theChinesegovernmentbuiltamuseumin1975,anditwasofficiallyopentothepubliconOctober1,1979.AsoneofthetoptenplacesofhistoricalinterestinChina,itwasalsolistedasaworldheritagesite.//兵馬俑及銅車馬的出土
Sonext,let’sgotouncovertheveilofthemonebyone.
Ladiesandgentlemen,noearestandingatthefrontofpit1.Itisabout230meterslong,62meterswideand5metersdeep.Itcoversanareaof14,260squaremeters,anditisanearth-andwoodstructureintheshapeofatunnel.Wewillalsofindthatthewholepitisdividedinto11corridorsby10earth-rammedpartitionwalls,andthefloorwaspavedwithbrick.//一號坑簡介
Theterracottaarmiesinpit1werearrangedinbattleformation.Inthefrontofthisformation,thereare210warriorsin3linesfacingforward.Armedwithbowsandarrows,theyconstitutetheso-calledvanguard.Andthefirstoneontherightside,isthecaptainofthisvanguard.Thereisonerowofwarriorsoneachofthebordersofthispit,facingoutward---theyaretheflanksandtherearguard.Holdinglong-distanceshootingweapons,theytookupthejobofdefendingthewholearmy.So,next,thiswayplease.Wemayfindtenpartitionwallswhichdividedthispitinto11corridors.Thereare28columnsofwarriorsstandinginsidethemwithhorse-drawnchariotsinthecenter.Theyrepresenttheprincipalmilitaryforceofthisbattleformation.
Accordingtothedensity,thereareover6000terracottawarriorsandhorses,andmostofthemareinfantrymen.Withallofthese,nowonderthefirstQinEmperorcouldannexallthesixindependentstatesandunifyChina!//一號坑軍陣特點
Ok,let’smoveon.HerenoearrivedatPit2.Pit2coversanareaofabout6000squaremeters.Wecanseethatpit2isalsoundercover,itisbecausewewanttopreservethem.Youknow,thewarriorsoriginallywerepaintedincolor,buttoday’stechnologyisnotadvancedenoughtopreserveitverywellafterexcavation.Andpit2istheonethatpreservethebest.Accordingtoresearch,pit2consistsof4differentmixedmilitaryforcesinfourarrays.Therear
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