水圈hydrosphere水體waterbody水科學waterscience水文學hydrology陸地水文學landhydrology應用水文學appliedhydrology工程水文學engineeringhydrology水汽watervapour水文要素hydrologicelements積雪snowcover終雪latestsnow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depressiondetention地面滯留surfacedetention陸面蒸發evaporationofland水面蒸發evaporationofwatersurface土壤蒸發evaporationfromsoil散發（植物蒸騰）transpiration蒸發能力evaporationcapability下滲（入滲）infiltration穩滲steadyinfiltration下滲能力infiltrationcapability河川徑流riverrunoff降雨徑流rainfallrunoff暴雨徑流stormrunoff融雪徑流snowmeltrunoff枯季徑流dryseasonrunoff基流baseflow陰塞高壓blockinghigh低空急流low－leveljet低渦vortex反氣旋（高壓）anticyclone氣旋（低壓）cyclone熱帶氣旋tropiccyclone熱帶低壓tropicdepression熱帶風暴tropicstorm強熱帶風暴severetropicstorm氣團airmass鋒（鋒面）front氣象meteorology氣候區劃climaticregionalization氣候帶climaticzone小氣候microclimate副熱帶（亞熱帶）subtropiczone比濕specifichumidity蒲福風級Beaufortwindscale霜點frostpoint霜凍frostbite無霜期frost－freeperiod流域watershed（basin）閉合流域enclosedbasin不閉合流域non－enclosedbasin閉流區（內流區）blingdrainagearea分水線（分水嶺）divide流域幾何特征basingeometriccharacteristics河道復流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennialstream間歇河intermittentstream懸河（地上河）elevatedstream奪流河（斷頭河）capturedriver盈水河gainingstream虧水河losingstream暴洪河流flashystream界河boundaryriver廢河道（古河道）deadriver凹岸concavebank凸岸convexbank岸壁landwall水邊線（岸線）waterline堤防levee河長riverlength河彎riverbend彎曲率tortuosity航道navigablechannel河段reach潛洲submergedbar水利學hydraulics明渠水力學openchannelhydraulics水靜力學hydrostatics水動力學hydrodynamics明渠水流openchannelflow恒定流steadyflow非恒定流unsteadyflow均勻流（等速流）uniformflow非均勻流（變速流）non－uniformflow急流supercriticalflow緩流subcriticalflow異重流densitycurrent臨界流criticalflow臨界水深criticaldepth臨界流速criticalvelocity臨界流量criticaldischarge水頭head位置水頭（位能）elevationhead低強水頭（壓能）pressurehead流速水頭（動能）velocityhead雷諾數Reymoldnumber韋伯數Webernumber水力因素hydraulicfactor濕周wettedperimeter水力半徑hydraulicradius寬深比width－depthratio落差fall駐波standingwave移動波translationwave河流動力學riverdynamics山洪侵蝕torrentialerosion流域產沙量watershedsedimentyield溶解性總固體totaldissolvedsolids離子含量ionconcentration離子總量totalionconcentration離子流量iondischarge礦化度mineralcontent鹽度salinity堿度alkalinity酸度acidity電導率electricconductivity混濁度（濁度）turbidity總需氧量totaloxygendemand溶解氧dissolvedoxygen需氧量oxygendemand生化需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand滑雪需氧量chemicaloxygendemand硬度hardness非碳酸鹽硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonatehardness浮冰floatingice錨冰anchorice封凍期freeze－upperiod封凍（封河）freeze－up平封flatfreeze－up立封uprightfreeze－up冰蓋icecover連底凍groundedicecover冰丘icemound封凍冰緣iceedgeoffreeze－up清溝lead初生清溝primarylead再生清溝secondarylead冰花路氈sludgeroadfelt冰上覆雪snowcoveroverice冰脊iceridge冰縫crack懸冰suspendedicecover冰堆icepack冰塞icejam冰上結冰aufeis解凍期break－upperiod冰變色colorchangeoficecover冰上有水accumulationofmeltwater月中天lunartransit引潮力tidalgenerationforce天文潮astronomictide氣象潮metorologictide潮汐周期tidalcycle半日潮semidiurnaltide全日潮diurnaltide混合潮mixedtide大潮springtide小潮neaptide中潮moderatetide太陰月lunarday潮期durationoftide漲潮歷時durationoftidalrise落潮歷時durationoftidalfall潮流tidalcurrent漲潮流floodtidalcurrent落潮流ebbtidalcurrent憩流slacktide潮流速tidalvelocity往復流reversingcurrent旋轉流rotarycurrent潮流期durationoftidalcurrent漲潮流歷時durationoffloodcurrent地下水流速velocityofgroundwaterflow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulicgradientofgroundwater地下水等水位線圖water－tablecontourmap含水層aquifer含水巖系water－contentrockseries含水巖組water－contentrockformation含水巖性water－contentrockproperty含水介質water－hearingmedium均勻介質homogeneousmedium非均勻介質inhomogeneousmedium含水層邊界aquiferboundary透水邊界permeableboundary隔水邊界confiningboundary弱透水邊界acquittedboundary透水層permeablebed隔水層confiningbed弱透水層acquitter水文地質參數hydrogeologicalparameters滲透系數permeabilitycoefficient導水系數（釋水系數）???coefficientoftransmissivity貯水系數storativity水位傳導系數（水力擴散系數）coefficientofwatertableconductivity壓力傳導系數coefficientofpressureconductivity持水度water－holdingcapacity土壤水分常數soilmoistureconstants土壤吸濕系數absorptioncoefficientofsoilmoisture凋萎系數wiltingcoefficient田間持水量fieldcapacity毛管斷裂含水量moisturecontentatcapillaryrupture最大水分吸水量maximummolecularmoisturecontent零通量面法zerofluxplanemethod潛水phreaticwater降水入滲補給precipitationrecharge降水入滲補給系數coefficientofprecipitationrecharge地表水補給surfacewaterrecharge凝結水補給condensationrecharge側向補給lateralrecharge越流補給leakagerecharge灌溉補給系數irrigationrechargecoefficientofgroundwater潛水蒸發phreaticwaterevaporation潛水蒸發臨界深度criticaldepthofphreaticwaterevaporation潛水溢出量phreaticwateroverflowtosurface潛水位phreaticwaterlevel潛水埋深burieddepthofphreaticwaterlevel潛水含水層厚度thicknessofphreaticwateraquifer內流湖endorheiclake淡水湖freshlake咸水湖saltlake鹽湖salinelake季節性湖泊seasonallake富營養湖泊eutrophiclake貧營養湖泊poornutrientlake湖流lakecurrent梯度流gradientcurrent漂流currentoffriction湖泊波漾（假湖）lakeseiche湖泊增減水lakewinddenivellation湖泊率lakeratio湖泊補給系數rechargecoefficientoflake湖泊換水周期lakeresidenceperiod湖盆lakebasin湖面高程elevationofwaterlevelinlake島嶼率insulosity湖泊分層lakelayering正溫層directthermalstratification逆溫層inversethermalstratification湖泊形態參數morphometricparameteroflake高位沼澤（貧營養沼澤）mainlevelmire中位沼澤（中營養沼澤）mediumlevelmire沼澤水量平衡waterbalanceofmire沼澤水mirewater沼澤蒸發mireevaporation沼澤徑流mirerunoff沼澤表面流surfaceflowofmire沼澤表層流surfacelayerflowofmire沼澤含水性moisturepropertyofmire沼澤持水性waterretentionofmire沼澤透水性perviousnessofmire沼澤率mireratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountainglacier谷冰川valleyglacier寬尾冰川broad－tailglacier冰斗冰川cirqueglacier懸冰川hangingglacier貫通冰川（山麓冰川）penetratingglacier冰原icefield冰川平衡線equilibriumlineofglacier委托觀測entrustgauging水文儀器hydrologicinstrument直讀儀器direct－readinginstrument自記儀器automatic－recordinginstrument遙測儀器remotetelemetryunit固態存貯器solidstorage計數器counter記錄器recorder顯示器displayunit平均無故障工作時間meantimebetweenfailures相應水位equivalentstage水文測站hydrometricstation基本站basicstation輔助站auxiliarystation專用站specialstation水文試驗站hydraulicexperimentalstation基準水文站benchmarkhydrologicstation水文氣象站hydrometeorologystation巡測站tourgaugingstation水文站gaugingstation雨量站網raingaugingnetwork水面蒸發站網watersurfaceevaporationnetwork水位站網stagegaugingnetwork泥沙站網sedimentgaugingnetwork水質站網waterqualitynetwork地下水觀測井網groundwatervoservationwellnetwork站網規劃hydrologicnetworkplanning水文分區hydrologicregionalization站網布設networklayout容許最稀站網minimumnetwork設站年限stationrequiredage基面datum臨時水準點temporarybenchmark測驗斷面measuringcross－section基本水尺斷面basicgaugecross－section流速儀測流斷面current－metermeasuringcross－section浮標測流斷面floatmeasuringcross－section比降水尺斷面slopemeasuringcross－section輔助水尺斷面secondarygaugingcross－section臨時測流斷面temporarymeasuringcross－section水文纜道hydrometriccableway懸索纜道suspendedcableway懸桿纜道suspendedrodcableway機動纜道motorizedcableway手動纜道hand－operatingcableway循環索loopcable起重索suspensioncable水文纜車hydrometriccablecar吊船過河索cablewayforanchoringboat纜道測驗儀cablewaymeasuringdevice水文測船hydrometricboat水文測橋hydrometricbridge橋測車gaugingvehicleonbridge水文巡測車tourgaugingvehicleforhygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingaugereceiver量杯measuringglass渠積雨量器accumulativeraingauge雨量計rainfallrecorder虹吸式雨量計siphonrainfallrecorder翻斗式雨量計tipping－bucketrainfallrecorder長期雨量計long－termrainfallrecorder遙測雨量計telemeteringrainfallrecorder測雨雷達precipitation－monitoringradar雪量線snowgauge雨雪量計rainandsnowrecorder蒸發量evaporation蒸發量觀測evaporationobservation蒸發量折算系數reductioncoefficientofevaporation遮擋率screenratio蒸發器evaporationpan小型蒸發器（蒸發皿）smallevaporationpanE－601型蒸發器evaporationpanoftypeE－601漂浮蒸發器floatingevaporationpan蒸發計evaporimeter遇測蒸發計telemeteringevaporimeter鉤形水尺hookgauge最高水位水尺creststagegauge校核水尺checkgauge基本水尺斷面basicgauge輔助水尺斷面auxiliarygauge比降水尺斷面slopegauge臨時水尺temporarygauge水位計stagegauge自記水位計stagerecorder浮子式水位計float－typestagerecorder壓力式水位計pressure－typestagerecorder超聲波水位計ultrasonicstagerecorder遙測水位計telemeteringstagerecorder接觸試水位計contact－typestagerecorder遠傳水位計telecontrolstagerecorder自記水位計臺stagerecorderinstallation靜水井stillingwell測得水深measureddepth有效水深effectivedepth相對水深relativedepth斷面平均水深meandepthatacross－section干繩改正airlinecorrection濕繩改正wetlinecorrection測點流速velocitymeasurement測速垂線surfacevelocity水面流速velocityatapoint測點流速maximumpointvelocity最大測點流速velocity－measuringvertical垂線平均流速meanvelocityatavertical部分平均流速meanvelocityatasegment斷面平均流速cross－sectionvelocitydistribution浮標流速pointvelocitycoefficient中泓流速surfacevelocitycoefficient流速分布velocitydistribution流速梯度velocitygradient垂線流速分布verticalvelocitydistribution斷面流速分布cross－sectionvelocitydistribution水面流速分布surfacevelocitycoefficient順流downstreamflow逆流upstreamflow流速脈動velocitypulsation中泓流速midstream流向測量flow－directionmeasurement體積法cubature流速儀current－meter轉子式流速儀rotating－elementcurrent－meter旋杯式流速儀cup－typecurrent－meter旋槳式流速儀propeller－typecurrent－meter電波流速儀electricwavecurrent－meter超聲波剖面流速儀ultrasonicprofilecurrent－meter多普勒流速儀Dopplercurrent－meter參證流速儀referencecurrent－meter流量計flowmeter文杜里水流計Venturiflowmeter畢托管Pitottube流速儀檢定current－metercalibration檢定槽calibrationtank檢定車calibrationcarriage水面浮標surfacefloat小浮標smallfloat雙浮標doublefloat浮桿float－rod堰頂高程elevationofweircrest堰頂水頭weirhead水工建筑物測流flowmeasurementbyhydraulicstructure閘門開啟高度gateopening行近河槽approachchannel行近流速approachvelocity堰流weirflow流態flowregime自由流freeflow淹沒流submergedflow半淹沒流half－submergedflow孔流sluiceflow射流jetflow淹沒比submergenceratio淹沒系數submergencecoefficient流速系數velocitycoefficient流量系數dischargecoefficient稀釋法測流dilutionmethodfordischargemeasurement示蹤劑tracer標準溶液standardsolution背景濃度backgroundconcentrationsolution稀釋比dilutionratio推移質輸沙率測驗bedloaddischargemeasurement器策法samplingmethod坑測法pitmethod沙波法dunetrackingmethod床沙測驗bedmaterialmeasurement照相法photographicmethod打印法stamppadmethod床沙采樣器bedmaterialsampler懸移質采樣器suspendedsedimentsampler瞬時式采樣器instantaneoussampler積時式采樣器time－integratingsampler瓶式采樣器bottledsampler皮囊式采樣器collapsiblesample泵式采樣器pumpingsampler調壓式采樣器pressureadjustablesampler同位素測沙儀radioisotopesedimentconcentrationmeter光電測沙儀photoelectricsedimentconcentrationmeter振動式測沙儀vibrationalsedimentconcentrationmeter推移質采樣器bedloadsampler網式采樣器basket－typesampler吸管pipet光電顆分儀photoelectricparticlesizemeter比重計（密度計）hydrometer泥沙沉降sedimentsettling沉降速度settlingvelocity平均沉速meansettlingvelocity絮凝flocculation反凝劑defloeculant粒徑particlediameter中數粒徑medianparticlediameter平均粒徑meanparticlediameter等容粒徑nominaldiameter投影粒徑projecteddiameter三軸平均粒徑triaxialmeanparticlediameter幾何平均粒徑geometricmeanparticlediameter篩析粒徑sievediameter沉降粒徑settlingdiameter粒徑組fractionofparticlesize顆粒級配grain－sizedistribution顆粒級配曲線grain－sizedistributioncurve單樣顆粒級配indexsamplegrain－sizedistribution垂線平均顆粒級配??丫??丫???pmeangrain－sizedistributioninavertical對照斷面checkcross－section控制斷面controlcross－section消減斷面attenuationcross－section水樣保存water－samplepreservation檢出率detectedratio超標率over－limitratio痕跡量trace未檢出nonreadout回收率recoveryratio溶解氣體采樣器dissolvedgasessampler冰情觀測ice－regimeobservation固定點冰厚測址fixed－pointicethicknessmeasurement冰情目測visualobservationoficeregime冰情符號icecode冰情圖ice－regimecharta初冰日期first－icedate封冰日期freeze－update解凍日期break－update終冰日期endicedate封凍歷時freeze－upduration水浸冰厚thicknessofimmersedice敲露水面寬open－waterwidth冰流量icedischarge等深點流速改正法revisedisobath－velocitymethod流速過程線改正法revisedvelocity－hydrographmethod有效潮差significanttidalrange負波高negativewaveheight水庫水文測驗hygrometryofreservoir入庫水量reservoirinflow出庫水量reservoiroutflow水庫供水reservoirwatersupply水庫棄水surpluswaterreleasedfromereservoir水庫滲漏量reservoirseepagevolume水庫蓄水變量variationofreservoirstorage水庫蓄水變率rateofreservoirstoragechange壩上水位stagebehinddam庫區水位stageinreservoirregion水庫淤積測量reservoirsedimentationsurvey水庫淤積量reservoirsedimentationvolume地形法methodoftopographicsurvey斷面法methodofcross－sectionsurvey淤積形態morphologyofreservoirdeposition淤積三角洲sedimentationdelta淤積物密度drydensityofreservoirdeposition巖溶地區水文調查hydrologicinvestigationinkarstareas實際地表集水面積actualsurfacecolletingarea水文實驗研究experimentalresearchinhydrology代表流域representativebasin實驗流域experimentalbasin相似流域similarbasin徑流實驗研究experimentalresearchinrunoff徑流場runoffplot人工降雨裝置artificialrainfalldevice蒸發實驗研究experimentalresearchinevaporation蒸發池evaporationtank土壤蒸發器soilevaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer農田蒸發器evaporatorforagriculturalland蒸滲儀lysimeter地下水均衡場groundwaterbalanceplot合理性檢查rationalexamination電算整編processingbycomputer水文年鑒wateryear－book測站考證stationexamination站年stationyear極值extremevalue加權平均法weightedmeanmethod斷流水位stageofzeroflow河干riverofzeroflow水文過程線hydrograph水文綜合過程線synthetichydrograph等值線isopleth分布曲線distributioncurve水文特征值hydrologiccharacteristicvalue徑流總量totalrunoff徑流模數runoffmodulus徑流系數runoffcoefficient洪峰floodpeak洪水流量peakdischarge洪水總量floodvolume輸沙模數modulusofsedimentrunoff水位流量關系stage－dischargerelation連時序法chronologicalmethod繩套曲線loopcurve流量過程線法dischargehydrographmethod潮汐要素法tidalfactorrelationmethod定潮汐要素法constanttidalfactorrelationmethod合軸相關法coaxialcorrelationmethod一潮推流法methodofdischargecomputationforasingletide水位流量關系single－valuedprocessingofstage－dischargerelation關系曲線延長extensionofrelationcurve流率表ratingtable單斷沙關系indexandcross－sectionaveragesedimentconcentrationrelation單斷沙關系曲線法indexandcross－sectionaeragesedimentconcentrationrelationcurvemethod水位單斷沙比關系曲線法stageversusratioofindexandcross－sectionaveragesedimentconcentrationrelationcurvemethod單斷沙比過程線法hydrographmethodofindexandcross－sectionaveragesedimentconcentrationratio單樣過程線法hydrographmethodofindexsedimentconcentration真值truevalue測量值（實測值）measuredvalue最或然值mostprobablevalue絕對誤差absoluteerror相對誤差relativeerror插機誤差（偶然誤差）randomerror允許誤差permissibleerror偽誤差（粗差）spurious方差variance標準差standarddeviation相對標準差relativestandarddeviation離差（偏差）deviation閉合差closureerror平差adjustment精密度precision準確度correctness垂線抽樣誤差（M型誤差）measuringverticalsamplingerror分布式數據庫distributedtypedatabase集中式數據庫concentratedtypedatabase網絡式數據庫networktypedatabase層次數據庫laminarizationdatabase層次數據模型laminarizationdatamodel網狀數據模型networkdatamodel數據量databulk結點node水文數據庫hydrologicdatabase水文基本數據庫hydrologicbasicdatabase湖泊水文預報hydrologicfirecastingoflake施工水文預報hydrologicforecastingforconstructionperiod潮汐預報tidalprediction旱情預報soilmoistureforecasting地下水動態預報groundwaterregimeforecasting預見期forecastleadtime超長期水文預報extendedlong－termhydrologicforecasting作業預報operationalforecasting預報方案forecastscheme評定標準accuracystandard方案合格率qualifiedratioofscheme確定性系數deterministiccoefficient汛seasonalflood伏汛summerflood汛期floodseason防汛flooddefence報汛站flood－reportingstation報汛站網flook－reportingnetwork常年水情站perennialhydrologicreportingstation汛期水情站hydrologicreportingstationinfloodseason輔助水清站網auxiliaryhydrologicreportingnetwork洪水警報floodwarning點雨量pointrainfall面雨量arealrainfall泰森多邊形Thiessenpolygon等雨量線法isohyetalmethod產流runoffyield蓄滿產流runoffyieldatnaturalstorage超滲產流runoffyieldinexcessofinfiltration產流面積areaofrunoffyield地表徑流（直接徑流）directrunoff地面流（坡面流）surfaceflowofmire壤中流promptsubsurfaceflow前期影響雨量antecedentrainfall土壤缺水量soilmoisturedeficit下滲能力曲線（下滲曲線）infiltrationcapabilitycurve初損initiallosses后損（后滲）continuinglosses坡面匯流overlandflowconcentration河網匯流（河槽匯流）rivernetworkflowconcentration地下匯流groundwaterflowconcentration匯流曲線flowconcentrationcurve流域匯流曲線basinflowconcentrationcurve坡面匯流曲線overlandflowconcentrationcurve河網匯流曲線rivernetworkflowconcentrationcurve地下匯流曲線groundwaterflowconcentrationcurve流域匯流時間basinflowconcentrationtime洪峰滯時peaktimelag流域滯時basintimelag等流滯時isochrone單位線unithydrograph經驗單位線empiricatunithydrograph綜合單位線syntheticunithydrograph瞬時單位線instantaneousunithydrograph地貌瞬時單位線geomorphologicinstantaneousunithydrograph坡地單位線slopeunithydrograph河網單位線rivernetworkunithydrographS—曲線S—curve無因次單位線dimensionlessunithydrograph退水曲線recessioncurve水文模型hydrologicmodel水文物理模型（水文實體模型）hydrophysicalmodel比尺模型scalemodel比擬模型analoguemodel水文數學模型hydrologicmathematicmodel水文概念模型physically—basedhydrologicmathematicmodel水文數學物理模型deterministichydrologicmodel確定性水文模型stochastichydrologicmodel分散式模型distributedmodel集總式模型lumpedmodel線性水溫模型linearhydrologicmodel非線性水文模型nonlinearhydrologicmodel時不變水文模型time—invarianthydrologicmodel時變水文模型time—varianthydrologicmodel流域水文數學模型hydrologicmathematicmodelofwatershed模型結構modelstructure模型參數modelparameter模型誤差modelerror模型率定modelcalibration模型檢驗modelverification水文模擬hydrologicsimulation遙測終端機telemetryterminalmeter中繼機relaymeter前置通信控制機presetcommunicationcontroller自報式系統self—reportingsystem查詢—應答式系統polling—answerbacksystem混合式系統mixsystem時分制遙測系統time—divisiontelemetrysystem頻分制遙測系統frequency—divisiontelemetrysystem誤碼率probabilityofworderror接受率receivingprobability設計站designstation設計流域designwatershed代表站representativestation參證站bench—markstation典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologicseries同步系列synchronousseries系列代表性seriesrepresentativeness柱狀圖histogram諾謨圖monogram輸沙量計算（固體徑流計算）computationofsedimentrunoff水庫回水計算computationofreservoirbackwater水庫淤積計算computationofreservoirsedimentation水庫下游河道沖刷計算computationofdegradationbelowreservoir潰壩洪水計算evaluationofdambreakflood感潮河段水力計算hydrauliccalculationfortidalreach樣本容量samplesize隨機變量randomvariable隨機系列randomseries累計頻率（頻率）cumulativefrequency經驗頻率empiricalfrequency水文頻率分布曲線（水文頻率曲線）hydrologicfrequencydistributioncurve皮爾遜分布Pearsondistribution對數正態分布lognormaldistribution頻率分析frequencyanalysis隨機模擬stochasticsimulation時間序列timeseries隨機水文分析hydrologicstochasticanalysis趨勢項trendterm周期項cycleterm隨機項stochasticterm調和分析（諧波分析）harmonicanalysis潛分析spectrumanalysis回歸分析（相關分析）regressionanalysis相關系數correlationcoefficient自回歸分析autoregressionanalysis逐步回歸分析stepwiseregressionanalysis設計供水designflood溢洪道設計洪水spillwaydesignflood分期設計洪水stagedesignflood施工設計洪水designfloodforconstructionperiod校核洪水checkflood實測洪水observedflood調查洪水investigatedflood古洪水paleoflood壩址洪水dam－siteflood入庫洪水reservoirinflowflood分項調查法item－by－iteminvestigationmethod降雨徑流模型法rainfall－runoffmodelmethod蒸發差值法evaporationdifferencemethod徑流年內分配annualdistributionofrunoff徑流多年變化multiyearvariationofrunoff豐水期high－waterperiod平水期normal－waterperiod枯水期（枯季）low－flowperiod豐水年wetyear平水年（中水年）normalyear枯水年dryyear特枯水年extraordinarydryyear連續豐水年continuouswetyears連續枯水年continuousdryyears水文年鑒wateryear設計雨型designstormpattern暴雨路徑stormtrack暴雨時程分配timedistributionofstorm暴雨地區分布specialdistributionofstorm暴雨參數等值線stormparametricisolinemap點面換算系數point－areaconversioncoefficient定點定面關系fixedpoint－fixedarearelationship可能最大露點probablemaximumdewpoint暴雨移置改正stormtranspositioncorrection流域形狀改正watershedshapecorrection水汽改正moisturecorrection入流障礙改正inflowobstaclecorrection綜合改正syntheticcorrection暴雨幅合分量convergencecomponentofstorm地形增強因子topographicincreasingfactor等百分數法isopercentalmethod可能最大洪水probablemaximumflood澇surfacewaterlogging漬subsurfacewaterlogging排澇surfacewaterloggingcontrol排漬subsurfacewaterloggingcontrol排澇規劃waterloggingcontrolplanning排澇標準standardforwaterloggingcontrol排澇計算computationofwaterloggingcontrol設計排澇流量designdischargeforsurfacedrainage設計排漬流量designdrainagedischargeofsubsurfacewaterloggingcontrol設計排澇水位designwaterlevelforsurfacedrainage水荒waterfamine水資源評價waterresourcesassessment水資源基礎評價waterresourcesbasicassessment水量評價waterquantityassessment水質評價waterqualityassessment地表水資源評價surfacewaterresourcesassessment水資源評價指標indexesofwaterresourcesassessment水資源總量totalamountofwaterresources地表水資源量surfacewaterresourcesamount地下水資源量groundwaterresourcesamount可利用量utilizablewater地下水可開采量groundwateravailableyield可供水量availablewatersupply徑流調節runoffregulation綜合利用水庫調節（多目標水庫調節）reservoirregulationforcomprehensiveutilization水庫調洪reservoirfloodrouting水庫供水調節reservoirregulationforwatersupply水電站徑流調節runoffregulationofhydropowerregulation水庫反調節reregulatingreservoir水庫群調節multi－reservoirregulation徑流調節計算computationofrunoffregulation時歷法（長系列操作法）chronologicalseriesmethod概率法（數理統計法）probabilitymethod隨機模擬法stochasticsimulationmethod調節周期regulatingperiod目標函數objectivefunction約束方程constraintequation狀態變量statevariable決策變量decisionvariable數學規劃mathematicprogramming線性規劃linearprogramming非線性規劃nonlinearprogramming水庫防洪調度floodcontrolschedulingofreservoir水庫實時調度real－timereservoirscheduling水庫群調度multi－reservoirscheduling水庫預報調度reservoirschedulingbasedonforecast抽水蓄能pumpedstorage水沙調度schedulingofwaterandsediment水環境waterenvironment水環境要素（水環境基質）waterenvironmentelements水環境背景值（水環境本底值）waterenvironmentalbackgroundvalue水生態系統aquaticecosystem化學徑流chemicalrunoff環境用水environmentalwater環境水文學environmentalhydrology環境水力學environmentalhydraulics環境水化學environmentalhydrochemistry地下水超量開采groundwateroverdraft人工補給（人工回灌）artificialrecharge地下水降落漏斗groundwaterdepressioncone化學水污染chemicalwaterpollution無機物水污染waterpollutionbyinorganicsubstances有機物水污染waterpollutionbyorganicsubstances有毒物質水污染waterpollutionbytoxicsubstances放射性水污染radioactivewaterpollution熱污染thermalpollution生物水污染waterpollutionbyorganism富營養化eutrophication次生水污染secondarywaterpollution地下水污染groundwaterpollution水污染常規分析指標indexofroutineanalysisforwaterpollution水污染遙感監測remote－sensingmonitoringofwaterpollution污染物pollutant污染物遷移transportofpollutant機械遷移physicaltransport物理－化學遷移physicochemicaltransport人為污染源artificialpollutionsource天然污染源naturalpollutionsource污染源調查investigationofpollutionsources污染源控制pollutionsourcecontrol水質參數waterqualityparameters水質模型waterqualitymodel水溫模型watertemperaturemodel水質生物評價biologicassessmentofwaterquality水環境效益waterenvironmentaleffect水污染環境效應environmentaleffectofwaterpollution水環境保護waterenvironmentalprotection水質規劃waterqualityplanning河流水質規劃riverwaterqualityplanning水庫水質規劃reservoirwaterqualityplanning水污染綜合防治規劃planningofcomprehensivewaterpollutioncontrol水源保護區protectionzoneofwatersource蒸發evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sedimentconcentration輸沙率sedimentdischarge水溫模型watertemperature冰凌icerun水質waterquality下墊面underlyingsurface水文情勢hydrologicregime水文效應hydrologiceffect水文循環（水循環）hydrologiccycle水量平衡waterbalance熱量平衡heatbalance鹽量平衡saltbalance大氣水汽含量atmosphericwatervapourcontent大氣水汽輸送atmosphericwatervapourtransport水汽輸送通量atmosphericwatervapourflux降雨面積rainfallarea降雨分布rainfalldistribution暴雨洪水stormflood冰凌洪水（凌訊）iceflood冰雪洪水ice－snowmeltflood雨雪混合洪水rainandsnowmeltflood山洪flashflood潰壩洪水dam－breakflood大氣環流atmosphericcirculation行星尺度天氣系統planetaryscaleweathersystem天氣尺度天氣系統synopticscaleweathersystem中小尺度天氣系統mesoandmicro－scaleweather風暴潮stormsurge風暴中心stormcenter西風槽westerlytrough東風波easterlywave低壓槽trough高壓脊ridge副熱帶高壓subtropichigh溫帶extratropiczone寒帶frigidzone季風monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plumrains陣雨showeryrain地形雨aerographicrain熱帶氣旋雨rainfallintropiccyclone衛星云圖satellitecloudpicture氣壓（大氣壓強）atmosphericpressure海平面氣壓sea－levelpressure濕球溫度wet－bulbtemperature水汽壓vapourpressure飽和水汽壓saturationvapourpressure絕對濕度absolutehumidity相對濕度relativehumidity飽和差saturationdeficit流域長度basinlength流域平均高程basinelevationmean流域平均寬度basinwidthmean流域平均坡度basinslopemean流域不對稱系數coefficientofbasinnonsymmetric流域面積增長率growthratioofdrainagearea流域自然地理特征physiographiccharacteristicsofbasin水系（河系）hydrographicnet人工河網artificialdrainagenetwork河網密度drainagedensity明渠openchannel河源headwaters沖溝gully溪流brook分支fork串溝bifurcationchannel外流河exoreicriver內陸河endotheciariver減河reliefchannel控制河段controlreach順流河段straightreach彎曲河段bentreach擴散河段expandingreach收縮河段convergingreach游蕩河段wanderingreach感潮河段tidalreach裁彎河段channelcutoff穩定河槽stablechannel不穩定河槽（沖淤河槽）unstablechannel主槽mainchannel單式河槽singlechannel復式河槽compoundchannel河道橫斷面rivercross－section河道縱斷面riverlongitudinalprofile斷面特性cross－sectioncharacteristics河床形態channelmorphology淺灘thoal急潭cataract河漫灘floodplain江心湖channelisland有效水頭effectivehead水頭損失headloss沿程水頭損失frictionalheadloss局部水頭損失localheadloss能面比降energyslope水面比降surfaceslope摩阻比降frictionslope附加比降（加速比降）addslope河道比降（河床比降）channelslope水面橫比降transverseslopeofwatersurface倒比降inverseslope總水頭線totalheadline水面線watersurfaceprofile糙率roughness謝才系數Chezycoefficient謝才公式Chezyformula曼寧公式Manningformula輸水因數（輸水率）conveyancefactor水躍hydraulicjump水舌nappe回水曲線（壅水曲線）hackwatercurve弗汝德數Froudenumber懸移質suspendedload推移質bedload床沙bedmaterial床沙質bedmaterialload沖瀉質washload河流泥沙運動sedimenttransportinriver泥沙起動incipientmotionofsediment起動流速competentvelocity造床流址dominantdischarge泥沙密度densityofsediment高含沙水流flowwithhypereoncentrationofsediment泥石流debrisflow水流挾沙能力sedimenttransportcapacityofflow河床演變fluvialprocess沖刷scar淤積sedimentation沙量平衡sedimentbalance泥沙輸移sedimenttransport泥沙輸移比sedimentdeliveryratio漿河現象cloggingofriversedimentflow揭河底現象tearingofriverbed天然水質naturalwaterquality水化學hydrochemistry冰清iceregime結冰河流ice－frozenstream封凍河流freeze－upstream穩定封凍河流stablefreeze－upstream非穩定封凍河流unstablefreeze－upstream結冰期ice－frozenperiod初生冰initialice冰針icespecula冰凇rimeice圓扁冰pan－cakeice冰花frazilslush岸冰borderice初生岸冰initialborderice固定岸冰fixedborderice沖擊岸冰agglomeratedborderice再生岸冰regenerativeborderice殘余岸冰residualborderice雪冰slushice水內冰underwaterice冰屑shuga冰底邊icebaseboundary冰礁icereef冰橋icebridge流冰花slushicerun冰上流水waterflowoverice層冰層水icecoverwithintercalatedwaterlayers融冰thawing冰層塌陷icesheetdepression冰層浮起floatingicecover冰滑動dislodgingoficecover解凍（開河）break－up文開河tranquilbreak－up武開河violentbreak－up流沙icerun流沙堆積driftingicepack冰壩icedam殘冰堆積residualiceaccumulation潮汐tide潮位（潮水位）tidallevel漲潮floodtide落潮ebbtide高潮hightide低潮lowtide平潮deadtide漲潮潮差floodtidalrange落潮潮差ebbtidalrange高潮間歇highlunitidalinterval低潮間歇lowlunitidalinterval日潮不等diurnalinequality落潮流歷時durationofebbcurrent涌潮bore河口水流estuarineflow河口潮汐estuarinetide河口演變fluvialprecessesofestuary攔門沙estuarinebar河口三角洲estuarinedelta灘涂（海涂）tidalflat地下水水文學groundwaterhydrology水文地質學hydrogeology地下水動力學groundwaterdynamics地下水系統groundwatersystem地下水流域drainagebasinofgroundwater地下水分水嶺groundwaterdivide地下水動態groundwaterregime地下水均衡groundwaterbalance地下水運動（滲流）groundwatermovement地下水模型groundwatermodel地下水儲量groundwaterstorage地下水水庫groundwaterreservoir越流系數leakagecoefficient延遲指數delayindex影響半徑influenceradios補給帶寬度rangeofrechargezone水位削減值drawdownvalueinterference分子擴散系數coefficientofmoleculardiffusion機械彌散系數（水力彌散系數）coefficientofmechanicaldispersion水動力彌散系數coefficientofhydrodynamicdispersion包氣帶aerationzone飽和層saturatedzone土壤水soilwater結合水boundwater吸著水absorbedwater薄膜水pellicularwater上層滯水perchedwater滲入水infiltrationwater凝結水condensationwater毛管水capillarywater毛管上升高度heightofcapillaryrise毛管壓力水頭capillarypressurehead土壤含水量soilmoisturecontent飽和含水量（全持水量）saturatedmoisturecontent飽和度saturationcoefficient土水勢soilwaterpotential重力水gravitywater給水度specificyield承壓水confinedwater隔水頂板upperconfiningbed隔水底板lowerconfiningbed承壓含水層厚度thicknessofconfinedaquifer承壓水頭confinedwaterhead自流水井artesianwell含水層天窗skylightofupperconfiningbed孔隙水porewater孔隙含水層porousaquifer孔隙－裂隙含水層pore－fissureaquifer有效孔隙度effectiveporosity裂隙水fissurewater裂隙含水層fissuredaquifer裂隙度fissureratio巖溶（喀斯特）karst巖溶水karstwater溶洞karstcave巖溶含水層karstaquifer溫泉thermalspring礦泉mineralspring外流湖exoreiclake湖泊容量storageoflake湖泊平均深度meandepthoflakeshoreline湖泊岸線長度lengthoflakeshoreline湖泊岸線發育系數developmentcoefficientlakeshoreline水庫特征水位characteristicwaterlevelsofreservoir庫容reservoirstorage靜庫容stillstorage動庫容（楔形庫容）dynamicstorage庫容曲線stage－capacitycurve水庫特征庫容characteristicstoragesofreservoir水庫滲漏reservoirseepagevolume水庫淤積reservoirsedimentation水庫誘發地震reservoirinducedearthquake水庫攔沙效率sedimenttrapefficiencyofreservoir沼澤mire潛育沼澤non－peatmire泥炭沼澤peatmire低位沼澤（富營養沼澤）lowlevelmire消融區ablationarea堆積區accumulationarea冰川變化glaciervariations冰川運動glacierflow雪崩avalanche冰雪融水徑流ice－snowmeltrunoff水文測驗hygrometry水溫勘測hydrologicreconnaissance水文遙感技術remote－sensingtechnologyinhydrology水文空間技術spacetechnologyinhydrology水文核技術nucleartechnologyinhydrology全球定位系統globalpositioningsystem遙測telemetry駐測stationarygauging巡測tourgauging間測intermittentgauging檢測testgauging校測correctivegauging大河控制站main－streamcontrolstation區域代表站regionalrepresentativestation小河站small－streamstation渠道站canalstation堰閘站weirandsluicestation潮水位站（驗潮站）stagegaugingstation水庫水位站tidallevelstation湖泊水位站reservoirstagegaugingstation雨量站（降水量站）raingaugingstation配套雨量站completesetraingaugingstation雨量觀測場rainobservationyard水面蒸發站watersurfaceevaporationstation路上水面蒸發場watersurfaceevaporationyard漂浮水面蒸發場floatingwatersurfaceevaporation水質站（水質監測站）waterqualitystation泥沙站sedimentstation地下水觀測井observationwellofgroundwater水文站網hydrologicnetwork基本站網basichydrologicnetwork流量站網streamflowgaugingnetwork絕對基面（標準基面）absolutedatum假定基面arbitrarydatum測站基面stationdatum凍結基面stationarydatum測站控制stationcontrol河槽控制channelcontrol斷面控制sectioncontrol人工控制artificialcontrol河底控制riverbottomcontrol檻式控制sillcontrol測驗河段measuringreach水流平面圖flowplanemap水道地形圖channeltopographicmap斷面標志cross－sectionsign斷面樁cross－sectionstake標志桿signrod輻射桿radiationrod基線baseline基線樁baselinestake水準點benchmark基本水準點basicbenchmark校核水準點checkbenchmark水準測量leveling跨河水準測量river－crossingleveling水尺零點測量surveyofgaugezero控制測量controlsurvey高程控制測量verticalcontrolsurvey平面控制測量horizontalcontrolsurvey導線測量traversesurvey三角測量triangulation距離