2023年考研英語一真題答案及解析（完整版）

一、完形填空

考察了絲綢之路上的驛站話題，選項沒有什么特別難的詞或者短語，文章邏

輯也很好懂，考到了并列邏輯和舉例邏輯，只要考生認真讀題應該拿到不錯的分

數

UseofEnglish

CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadin

areasincluding

China,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically_1_

outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernments

of_2_.

Thisword"Caravanserais"isa_3_ofthePersianword"karvan",which

meansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosed

building.ThePermcaravanwasusedto_4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelled

togetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,_5_merchants,

travellersorpilgrims.

Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecome

moredeveloped,the_6_oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandtheyserved

asasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad_7_

possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing_8_toextremeconditions.

Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced_9_theycouldbe

reachedinaday'straveltime.

1

Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10_pointforthevariouspeople

whotravelledtheSilkRoad._11_,thosestructuresbecameimportant

centersforculture_12_andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,

ideasandbeliefs,_13_talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly_14_the

developmentofseveralcivilizations.

Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand

_15_inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad._16_,itwasfrequently

thefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand_17_suppliesfor

theirownjourneys.Itis_18_thataround120000to15000caravanserais

werebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,_19_onlyabout3000areknowntoremain

today,manyofwhicharein_20_.

1、答案:c.located

2、答案：A.privately

3、答案：D.combination

4、答案:C.describe

5、答案：C.suchas

6、答案:A.construction

7、答案：B.faced

8、答案:B.subjected

9、答案：A.sothat

2

10、答案：D.meeting

11、答案：D.Asaresult

12、答案：C.exchange

13、答案:C.aswellas

14、答案：B.influencing

15、答案：A.aided

16、答案：B.indeed

17、答案:D.stockupon

18、答案:A.believed

19、答案:D.although

20、答案：A.ruins

二、閱讀理解

Text1

TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,but

thetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustin

thismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.

3

PatHardy,whosympathizedwithviewsoftheenergysector,isresisting

theproposedchangetosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewould

emphasisetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeand

encouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.

MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy'sviews."Theycasually

dismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguided

opinion."saysDanQuinn,seniorcommunicationsstrategistattheTexas

FreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation,"What

millionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenby

thepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsound

scholarship."

SuchdebatereflectsfiercediscussiondiscussionsacrosstheUSand

aroundtheworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstep

updemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutthefactsofclimatechange

inschools.

AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,a

non-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschools

acrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarely

halfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformerswere

someofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhe

lowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooks

arewidelysoldelsewhere.

GlennBranch,thecentre'sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsetting

state-levelsciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythat

decentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsidereda

highperformerinitssciencestandards,"thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught",

hesays.

4

Anotherissueisthatwhileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosome

subjectsandatsomeages—suchasearthandspacesciencesinhigh

schools—itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandin

subjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalso

lessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.

Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesand

textbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducational

materialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedto

teachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksand

energyindustryassociations.

21.Inparagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto

答案：C.indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting

22.WhatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?

答案：B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.

23.ThestudymentionedinParagraph5

答案:A.Climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschool

24.AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS

答案：C.havelimitedinfluence

25.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsome

schools

答案：D.canbeswayedbyexternalforces

5

Text2

Communitiesthroughouttheregionhavebeenattemptingtoregulate

short-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Now,with

record-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory,there'sanincreased

urgencyinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthosewhoworrythat

developerswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneon

theshort-termrentalmarket.

InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1

percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurther

pressureonanalreadystrainedmarket.ThestateLegislaturerecentlyvoted

againstabillthatwould'vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislation

restrictingshort-termrentals.

"Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,soanytimeyou're

takingthetooloutofthetoolkitforcommunitiestoaddressthis,you're

potentiallytakingsupplyoffthemarketthat'salreadyincrediblystressed,"said

NickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionofthe

GreaterSeacoast.WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNew

Hampshiretowns,"employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,

andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,"Taylorsaid.

However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,acrucial

partoftheeconomiesinplaceslikeNantucket,CapeCod,orthetownsthat

makeupNewHampshire'sSeacoastandLakesRegion,pointedoutRyan

Castle,CEOoftheCapeCod&IslandsAssociationofRealtors."Alotof

workersareservicingthetouristindustry,andthetourismindustryisserviced

bythosepeoplecominginshortterm,"Castlesaid,"andsoit'sacyclical

effect."

Short-termrentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKeren

Horn,anaffordablehousingpolicyexpertattheUniversityofMassachusetts

Boston."Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagood

6

thing.Ifit'stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit'sjustempty,whycan'tyou

makemoneyoffit?"Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopers

attempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfacilities—defactohotels—to

bypasstaxesandregulations.'1thinkthequestionis,shouldn'tadeveloper

who'sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedand

taxedandregulatedlikeahotel?"Hornsaid.

Attheendof2018,GovernorCharlieBakersignedabilltoreininthose

potentialinvestor-buyers."Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwith

thestate,mandatestheycarryinsurance,andopensthepotentialforlocal

taxesontopofanewstatelevy,"theGlobereported.Bostontookthingseven

further,limitingwhoisauthorizedtorentouttheirhome,andrequiringrenters

toregisterwiththecity'sInspectionalServicesDepartment.

Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstruggling

citiesandtowns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmore

housing."Ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneis

wehavetobuildalotmore."

26.WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?

答案：A.Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.

27.ThebillmentionedintheParagraph2wasintendedto?

答案:D.allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.

28.ComparedwithCastle,Tailorismorelikelytosupport?

答案：Binincreaseinaaffordablehousing

29.WhatdoesHomemphasizeinparagraph3?

答案:Cthenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.

7

30.Hornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis

答案:Daninadequatesolution.

Text3

Ifyou'reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstonesinsearchofthe

DuchessofSussex'snewchildren'sbookTheBench,youmighthavetobe

preparedtohuntaroundabit;thesamemaybetrueofThePresident's

Daughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.Bothofthese

booksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse,acompany

currentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.

Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouse

confirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones"atavery

significantlevel".ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthat

WaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfrom

prominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere

"quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections".

PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonfor

Waterstonestoldme:"Waterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredit

termsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonour

abilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmostto

ensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroverall

levelsofstock.Wedothisgenerallybygivingtheirtitleslessprominent

positioningwithinourbookshops."Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopen

againthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.

Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusyandbooksalesareverystrong.

ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018."

Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers-ashavecustomers,

whomightexpectthenewtitlesfromthecountry'sbiggestpublishertobe

prominentlydisplayedbyitsbiggestbookretailer.Big-namePRHauthorsmay

8

sufferabit,butit'sthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstones

staffspassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbe

prayingforanendtothedispute.

Itcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedaboutthe

consequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbig

publisher,Simon&Schuster-thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUK

publishersislikelytoleadtofewerbiddingwars,loweradvances,andmore

conformityintermsofwhatispublished.AndonewondersifPRHwouldhave

beenconfidentenoughtodealwithWaterstonesinthewayithasifitweren't

quitesuchabigcompany(itwasformedwiththemergerofPenguinand

RandomHousein2013)andlikelytogetbigger.

"Thisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofpowerand

cartels.Literaryagenciesaregettingbiggertohavetheclouttonegotiate

bettertermswithpublishers,publishersconsolidatingtodealwithAmazon,"

saysLownie.,lThepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthors

andstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,

choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksin

recentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers."

Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneed

amongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.

31.theauthormentionstwobooksintheparagraph1topresent

答案:A.anongoingconflict

32.WhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevant

sections?

答案:C.torespondtoPRH'sbusinessmove

33.WhatmessagedidthespokesmanofWaterstonesseemtoconvey?

9

答案:A.theircustomersremainroyal

34.Whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?

答案：ASalesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably

35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie'sview?

答案:DThemergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend

Text4

Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Each

yearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.The

scientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,

includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle'simpact

factor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareers

ofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberand

prestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitations

attractedbythesepapers.

Inrecentyears,therehavebeenseveralepisodesofscientificfraud,

includingcompletelymade-updata,massagedordoctoredfigures,multiple

publicationsofthesamedata,theftofcompletearticles,plagiarismoftext,and

self-plagiarism.Andsomescientistshavecomeupwithanotherwayto

artificiallyboostthenumberofcitationstotheirwork.

Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspireto

inflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchers

developedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,including

groupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsof

journalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasetheimpactfactorsoftheir

publications.Recently,Icameacrossyetanotherexpressionofthispredatory

10

behavior:so-calledsupportserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageand

othereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimesadvise

contributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticlesandthearticlesof

colleagues.Someoftheseconsultanciesarealsoactiveinorganizing

conferencesandcanadvisethatcitationsbeaddedtoconferenceproceedings.

Inthismanner,asingleeditorcandrivehundredsofcitationsinthedirectionof

hisownarticlesorthoseofcolleaguesthatmaybeinhiscircle.

Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,an

individual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatleast

15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthree

universities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,whichincludesahighnumber

ofthenew"internationarjournals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobea

criteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.

36Accordingparagraphl,thecareersofscientistscanbedetermined

by

答案：Bhowmanytimestheirpapersarecited

37Thesupportserviceconsultanciestendto.

答案:Caskauthorstoincludeextracitation

38thefunctionofthemilkcowtojournalsisto.

答案:Aboostcitationcountsforcertainauthors

39.WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraph?

答案:[B]Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitation

40.Whatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulation?

11

答案:[D]Revealtheirmisconduct

三、新題型

考察了排序題，出題形式與往年略有差異，給出了三個既定選項位置，并給

出了8個選項，首段空缺，雖然出題形式略有差異但解題思路和難度并無差異，

只要能看出指代即可輕松判斷出首段，整體難度中等。

ReadingPartB

A.Lastyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstone

photographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.

Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheTetons,Old

FaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.

B.Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploiting

it,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublic

supportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceof

theYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.

CAsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecould

capitalizeontheexpedition'sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintout

largecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofMoran's

paintings,toeachmemberofCongress."Thevisualization,particularlythose

photographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,"

saysMurphy.

DThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlong

recognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden's

expeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiver

region,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.In

additiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:Painter

12

ThomasMoranandphotographerWilliamHenryJacksonwerechargedwith

capturingthisastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

EThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,Utah,onJune8,1871.Over

nearlyfourmonths,dozenofmanmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontana

andtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandaroundYellowstonelake.That

fall,theyconcludedthesurveyinfortBridger,Wyoming

FThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlong

recognizedthearea'sriches,mostAmericansdidnot.That'swhyHayden's

expeditionaimedtoproduceafullerunderstandingoftheyellowstoneriver

region,fromit'shotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.In

additiontotheentourgeofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:Painter

ThomasMoranandphotographerJacksonwerechargedwithcapturingthis

astoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.

GThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlarge

majoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassed

legislationprotectingyellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,President

UlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneasthe

world'sfirstnationalpark,whilesomelocalsopposedtothedesignation,the

decisionwaslargelyaccepted-andJackson'sphotosplayedakeyroleinthe

fighttoprotectthearea.Idon'tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhave

happenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,saysHeather

Hansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,

BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.

HPerhapsmostimportantly,theimagesprovideddocumentaryevidence

thatlatermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingthe

expedition,Haydencollectedhisteam'sobservationintoanextensiverep

aimedatconvincingSenatorsandRepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesat

governmentagencylikethedepartmentofInteriorthatYellowstoneoughtto

bepreserved.

13

答案：BAFEDHCG

41.B42.F43.D44.C45.G

四、英譯漢

講了人工智能在digitalmarketing里的應用，生詞不多，與往年翻譯題目相

比難度偏低。

Translation

(46)Alcanalsobeusedtoidentifythelifestyleschoicesofcustomers

regardingtheirhobbies,favoritecelebrities,andfashionstoprovideunique

contentinmarketingmessagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.

【參考譯文】人工智能還可以用來識別出消費者生活方式的選擇，包括他們

的愛好、最喜歡的名人和時尚，從而通過社交媒體發布的營銷信息來提供獨特的

內容。

(47)SomebelievethatAlisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'sroleby

reducingcreativityandremovingjobs.buttheyareawarethatitisawayof

reducingcostsandcreatingnewinformation.

【參考譯文】一些人認為，人工智能通過減少創造力和工作機會對營銷人員

產生了負面影響，但他們也意識到，這是一種降低成本和創造新信息的方式。

(48)Algorithmsusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyof

theseconcerns,especiallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusing

Altointeractwithcustomerswillbe.

14

【參考譯文】用于刺激人際互動的算法正在引發許多此類擔憂，尤其是在沒

有人非常確定使用人工智能與客戶互動的結果會是什么情況下。

(49)lfcustomersarenotwillingtosharedata.AIwillbestarvedofessential

informationandwillnotbeabletofunctioneffectivelyoremploymachine

learningtoimproveitsmarketingcontentandcommunication.

【參考譯文】如果客戶不愿意分享數據，人工智能將缺乏必要的信息，無法

有效地發揮作用，也無法使用機器學習來改善其營銷內容和傳播。

(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessageinawaythatis

sensitivetotheneedsoftargetcustomersisoneofthecriticalchallengesto

thedigitalmarketer.

【參考譯文】以一種對目標客戶需求敏感的方式非侵入式地傳遞營銷信息是

數字營銷人員面臨的關鍵挑戰之一。

五、小作文

小作文考查告示，主題是為教授關于校園體育活動的研究項目招募助手，給

出助手工作責任和要求，難點在于容易審題錯誤，要弄清楚是為研究項目招募學

生，不是校園體育活動。

【題目】

WritingPartA

Directions:

15

WriteanoticetorecruitastudentforProf.Smith'sresearchprojecton

campussportsactivities.Specifythedutiesandrequirementsofthejob.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

【參考范文】

Notice

December24,2022

ProfessorSmithislookingforastudenttojoinhisresearchprogram

regardingcampussportsactivities.Thedutiesofthepositionrequirethatthe

studentcollectsdataoncampussportsactivitiestobeanalyzedbythe

researchteam.Thisincludesobserving