LanguageasaSystemof(1)Ofallsystemsofsymbols(符號),languageisthemosthighlydeveloped.Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeings,byagreement,canmakeanythingstandforanything.Humanbeingshaveagreed,inthecourseofcenturiesofmutual( )dependency,toletthevariousnoisesthattheycanproducewiththeirlungs,throats,tongues,teethandlissstematicallstandforcertainha eninsintheirnervoussystems.Wecallthatsystemofagreementslanguage.

(2)Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthatwhichitstandsfor.Justassocialpositionscanbesymbolizedbyfeatherswornontheheadb oldonthewatchchainorbathousandotherthingsaccordingtotheculturethousandotherthingsaccordingtotheculturewelivein,sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferentnoises(3)Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubect.Smbolsandthethinsthestandforareindependentofeachother,yetweallhaveawayoffeelingasiftherewerenecessaryconnections.Forexample,therearepeoplewhofeelthatforeignlanguagesareunreasonablebynature;foreignershavesuchfunnynamesforthings,andwhycan’ttheycallthingsbytheirrightnames?ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishandAmericantouristswhoseemtobelievethattheycanmakethenativesofancountrunderstandEnlishiftheshoutloudenouh.Likethelittleboywhoisreportedtohavesaid:“Pigsarecalledpigsbecausetheyaresuchdirtyanimals,”theyfeelthatthesymbolisinherently(內在地connectedinsomewaywiththethingssymbolized.

Languageisahighlydevelopedsystemofsymbolsbecausehumanbeings .(簡單細節-因果細節)B.useournervoussystemstosupportB.useournervoussystemstosupportC.havemadevariousnoisesstandforanyD.canmakeanythingstandforanythingby1WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph2復雜細節-觀點細節DifferentnoisesmaymeandifferentOurculturedetermineswhatasymbolstands

InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“ C.ThelanguageweusesymbolizesoursocialD.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewayweare

A.tryveryC.arevery

B.takeourD.feelespecially(3)Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.Theexampleofthelittleboyisusedtoshowthat adultsoftenlearnfromtheir“pig”isadirtywordbecausepigsareSymbolsandthethingstheystandforareinherentlypeoplesometimeshavewrongideasabouthowlanguage

(1)Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orby(2)Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.Mostofthelearningthattakes ceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVor newspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,it’snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-2(4)DidyouwritesdownaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenagebutdoesn’t(4)DidyouwritesdownaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenagebutdoesn’tshowittoanyone.whispersit,wordforword,toanother .That ,inturn,whispersittostillanother,andsoon,throughallthepeople thegame.Thelast writesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehas

(5)That’swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelistenimerfectl.Andmanenjoaddintheirowncreativetouchtoastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stam (打上標記)itwiththeirownalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyuponthose(6)Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichuponthoseAccordingtothepassage,passivelearningmayoccurin ngamedicalsolvingamathvisitinganngscientific

TheauthormentionsthegameRumortoshowthat amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedamessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentpeoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofpeopletendnottobelieveinwhattheyknowasTheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto C. D.passiveC. D.passive3PhotographsareeverywhereTheydecorate裝飾thewallsofhomesandareusedinstoresforsalesofdifferentgoods.Thenewsisfilledwithpicturesoffires,floods,andspecialevents.Photosrecordthebeautiesofnature.Theycanalsobringthingsclosethatarefaraway.Throughphotospeoplecanseewildanimalscitiesinforeignlands,andeventhestarsinouterspace.Photosalso lstories.(陜西B)45.Theunderlinedword“They”inthefirstparagraphrefers .

Firstofallo inisverhardonthebod.Yourlesandfeettakearealpounding(追擊)runningdownaroadfortwoorthree .Idevelopedfoot,leg,andbackproblems.ThenIreadaboutanationallyfamousjoggerwhodiedofaheartattackwhilejogging,andIhadsomethingelsetoworryabout.Joggingdoesn’tkillhundredsofpeoplebutifyouhaveanyphysicalweaknesses,joggingwillsurelybringthemout,astheydidwithme.(浙江D)A.C.

D.

53.Theunderlinedword“them”(Paragraph3)mostprobablyrefersto A.heart B.backC.famous Alcoholmaytakeafewminutestobeabsorbedintothebloodstreamandstartactiononthebrain.Absorptionrateisincreasedwhendrinkingonanemptystomachorwhenconsumingdrinksmixedwithfruituice.Toetridofalcoholfromthebodisaverslowrocessanditisnotpossibletospeeditupwithanymeasuresliketakingashowerorhavingacupofteaorcoffee.(福建A)57.Theunderlinedword“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto

Auniversiteducationisofhueanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.Meanwhile,socialmobilityisevermoredependentonhavingadegree.However,onlysomepeoplehaveit.Sotheindividual,notthetaxpayers,shouldpayforit.Therearepressingcallsontheresources(資源)ofthe Usingtaxpayers'moneytohelpasmallnumberofpeopletoearnesinthefutureisnotoneofA. B.C. D.

1 r“hm”inP h2rf ((?A.taxa B.ressin?C.college ernment4someonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,someonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,anditcanbesurprisingly

Don’twaitforanapology.Manytimesthe whohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon’tseethinsthesamewa. KeeinmindthatforivenessCalmyourself.72 Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,orsomeoneyoulove.beneficialtoCalmyourself.72 Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:abeautifulsceneinnature,orsomeoneyoulove.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender(冒犯者).Rethinkinga