2018年北京市高級中等學校招生考試英語試卷知識運用（共14分）一、單項填空（共6分，每小題0.5分）從下面各題所給的A、B、C、D個選項中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.MybrotherandIlikefootball.playittogetheronceaweek.A.I B.They C.We D.You2.Happybirthday,Peter!Here’sagiftyou.A.for B.in C.with D.from3.—doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?—Bybike.A.When B.How C.Where D.Why4.Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.though B.if C.while D.because5.Igonow,orI’llmissmytrain.A.can B.might C.must D.could6.Tonyisofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.young B.younger C.youngest D.theyoungest7.Billlikesreading.Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A.read B.reads C.isreading D.hasread8.—Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight?—Iamovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatching B.watch C.havewatched D.willwatch9.Davidisatennisplayer,Hetoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearso1d.A.begins B.willbegin C.began D.hasbegun10.—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?—Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.A.teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D.willteach11.Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear.A.completes B.iscompletedC.willcomplete D.willbecompleted12.—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?—Sure.LastSundayA.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.Smithwi11leaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空（共8分，每小題1分）閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。RealSolutions（解決方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.ThemanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblemsOneday,theteamwascalledfora____13____inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious____14____.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoonsThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons____15____sothattheballoonswouldn’tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas___16___.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（壓力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere___17___outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere___18___andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon,Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto___19___therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel.theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons___20___thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.game B.show C.concert D.party14.A.purposes B.suggestions C.thoughts D.plans15.A.quietly B.carefully C.secretly D.clearly16.A.honest B.ready C.patient D.successful17.A.checked B.helped C.ruled D.cleaned18.A.collected B.weighed C.tied D.cleaned19.A.mark B.hide C.number D.find20.A.freed B.reached C.lifted D.hit閱讀理解（共36分）三、閱讀下列短文．根據短文內容，從文后各所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。（共26分，每小題2分）A21.WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A.LastWednesday B.lastthursdayC.LastFriday D.LastSaturday.22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard.23.MartinwenttoAtlantaA.speakataconference B.organizeapartyC.performinacompetition D.visitauniversityBABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday，asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold，andthegirl.fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They’regood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn’ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.24.Thewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy.A.fruits B.vegetables C.candies D.toys25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn’t.A.speak B.see C.smell D.hear26.Thewriterwasmovedbecause.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherCSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(關聯)withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(認知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接觸)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren’saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand’sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.A.howthestudywasperformed B.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylasted D.whotookpartinthestudy28.Theword“prompt”inparagraph6probablymeans““.A.control B.encourage C.balance D.change29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there’salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon’tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽視)it，Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother.weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit’sforourowngood.Happypeopledon’tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(擁抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn’thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody’sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe’rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat.A.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepainB.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeetC.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongwayD.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns31.WhatisthekeytosolvingJane’sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselvesB.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothatC.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetterD.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler33.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B.Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D.Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、閱讀短文，根據短文內容回答問題。（共10分，每小題2分）Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean“not-passing”or“fail”.SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon’tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon.34.whatdoesanFstandfo