forBerkshireandWiltshire.“TherearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledOneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativensinceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading()asbusiness-friendlybroadband.“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested擁堵的)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliabilitywithgoodsupportSuchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphone s,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoforreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthe imageforcustomersandbusinessBylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.Itwastheneedto modateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingeworkingrecently.The,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基礎設施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesameMarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexinsthatthe hasarelativelyyoungwork,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkis-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasitssystemsanyway,the spent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttonetworksandaccessalltheirusualAlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetfiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)popupalloverthece,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds. willalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingaeworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandingher ’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehosting,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthe ’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.Ithasenabledthe todispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingthewastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,andatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”WhatisthemaintopicofthisHowbusinessmanagersviewhi-RelationsbetweenemployersandHowtocutdownthecostsofsmallBenefitsofthepracticeofFromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-,welearnthatmoreemployeesworktofullcapacityatemployeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallmorebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingattitudestowardITtechnologyhaveWhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyReducedcost ImprovedreliabilityofinternetAccesstobroadbandWhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetTheylookforreliablebusiness-onlyTheycontactproviderslocatednearesttoTheycarefullyexaminetheTheycontractthecheapest sfacilitatesremoteworkingby offeringsophisticatedvoicegivingaccesstoinginreal sdiscussbusinessatprovidingcallscompleyofTheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedeworkinginitiallyinorderto presentapositiveimagetoprospectivesupportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareattractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforreduceoperationalexpensesofasecondAccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,eworkingenabled to enhanceitsmarketreducerecruitmentkeephighlyqualifiedminimiseitsofficeWrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthebuthelpsimproveemployees’.Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe whileSinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto PartⅢListeningComprehension(35Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.A)TheywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayatTheyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingTheyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwithTheydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyonA)TheselectionprocesswasalittleHehadlongdreamedofthedean’sRodwaseliminatedintheselectionRodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsA)ApuseencouragestheSheregretspayingfortheAlmosteveryonelovespopTheconcertisveryA)TheyhaveknowneachothersincetheirTheywereboth softheStudents’TheyhavebeeninclosetouchbyTheyaregoingtoholdareunionA)CooktheirRestforaGettheircarStopfortheA)Newly-launchedConsumerSurveySurveyA)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheThewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofaTheinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysHethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredA)ThecourseisopentoallnextThenoticemaynotbeThewomanhasnottoldtheHewilldrophiscourseinQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)AdirectorofasalesAmanageratacomputerAsalesclerkatashopAnaccountantofacomputerA)HandlingcustomercomRecruitingandtrainingnewDispatchingorderedgoodsonDevelocomputerA)ShelikessomethingmoreShelikestobenearertoherShewantstohaveabetter-paidShewantstobewithherA)RightIntwoEarlynextInacoupleofQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitsItisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalItisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsItwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stA)ThelackofoverallurbanThehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-TheinadequatesupplyofwaterandTheshortageofhi- A)TheyattachgreatimportancetoTheyareabletograspgrowthTheyaregoodatlearningfromotherTheyhavemadeuseofadvancedSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ShetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinaShegavelecturesonhow eapublicShehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialSheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalA)ThejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherThejobposedapotentialthreattoherShefoundtheworkingconditionsShewasofferedabetterjobinaminorityA)SomegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofMoreenvironmentalorganizationshaveManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedMorebranchesof havebeensetA)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofHerabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicHerrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentHerlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalPassageQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ThefiercecompetitionintheThegrowingnecessityofstaffTheacceleratedpaceofTheurgentneedofadiverseworkA)GainadeepunderstandingoftheirownTakecoursesofforeignlanguagesandSharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromotherParticipateininternationalexchangeA)Reflectivethinking ingLabormarketisgettingKnowingaforeignlanguageisGlobalisationwilleliminatemanyPassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmoreBrown-hairedwomenwereratedasmoreGolden-hairedwomenwereconsideredBlack-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobe A)TheyaresmartandTheyareambitiousandTheyareshrewdandTheyarewealthyandA) peopletofollowtheculturalTheyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofTheyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofTheyhinderourperceptionofindividualSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.Thenameis大36fromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywas大37家asset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewereno大38家devicesfortakingnotes,andGreekorators(家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreat大39家becausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryis大40家anassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.The大41 yourbrainregistersword“apple”,it大42家theshape,color,taste,smelland大43家ofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”.大44家Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory.大45家AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?大46家.madeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor pletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingManycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldphonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationusingaspeakerphone.AsKunarandHorowitzreport,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-callhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7metrestothebrakingdistanceofacartravellingat100kph.Theyalsofoundthatthegroupusingthehands-kitmade83%moreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.Totrytounderstandmoreaboutwhythiswas,theytriedtwofurthertests.Inone,membersofagroupwereaskedsimplytorepeatwordsspokenbythecaller.Intheother,theyhadtothinkofawordthatbeganwiththelastletterofthewordtheyhadjustheard.Thoseonlyrepeatingwordsperformedthesameasthosewithnodistraction,butthosewiththemorecomplicatedtaskshowedevenreactiontimes—anaverageof480millisecondsextradelay.Thisshowsthatwhenpeoplehavetoconsidertheinformationtheyhearcarefully,itcanimpairtheirdrivingabilitysignificantly.Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Carryingonaphoneconversationwhileoneisdrivingisconsidereddangerousbecauseitseriouslydistracts.Intheexperiments,thetwogroupsofvolunteerswereaskedtohandleaseriesofmovingtaskswhichwereconsidered.Resultsoftheexperimentsshowthatthosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-call toreactthanthosewhowerenot.Furtherexperimentsrevealthatparticipantstendtorespondwithextradelayiftheyarerequiredtodo.Theauthorbelievespersuasion,ratherthan,mightbetheonlywaytostoppeoplefromusingphoneswhiledriving.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingThereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鳴得意的）greenvillageofBerkeleyCalif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountryThecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachdayThisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxicSinceDecemberwhenthereportcameout,themayorneighborhoodactivists（活躍分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftownoverunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,ofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatterbutitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2004reportinthejournalPediatricsexinedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.can’t—andmaynever—fythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地質斷層)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayHeavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirTheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesisParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsWhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportAheatedPopularWidespreadStrongHowdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’TheyfeltverymuchTheywerefrightenedbytheTheydidn’tknowwhotoTheyweren’tconvincedoftheWhatistheviewofthe2004reportinthejournalItisimportanttofyvariousconcreteDailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattoParentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthAttentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalOfthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom thetheanunhealthyPassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingCripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealth esandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.startlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyearContrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityore,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返還費用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualernmentthreatstoindiscriminaycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasetytoboost Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.HowdowefixthisItstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswill eeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.WhowillbetheretotreatTheauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis theinadequatetrainingofthedecliningnumberoftheshrinkingprimarycaretheever-risinghealthcareWelearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivetheseeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticvisitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodthemoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,theFacedwiththe ernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminay,primarycarephysicianshaveto increase ebyworkingimprovetheirexpertiseandmakevariousdealswithseemorepatientsattheexpenseofWhydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheirTheyfindtheneedforprimarycareThecurrentsystemworksagainstprimaryPrimarycarephysicianscommandlessTheythinkworkinginemergencyroomsWhatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthBridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycareExtendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicRecruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemReducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirPartVCloze(5A),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritain

calledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodropwrappersanddrinkscartons盒子inthePhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritain大62家itsnewDirtyPign,saiditwasthetimeithadinvestigatedwhich大63家madeup“litteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.A) B)C) D)A) B)C)commercialsD)“We大64家litterersfordropthisfastfood大65家thefirstcebutalsobelievetheresultspertinent相關的messagesforthefastfood大66家Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomore大67家litteringbytheirHerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,大68cinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsreduce大69家packaging,headded.Companiesalsoreduceprices大70家thosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)or大71家forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat大72家pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidepremisesA大73家forMcDonald’ssaidWedoourObviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterwere大74家inManchesterandKFCsaidittookits大75家onlittermanagement“veryseriouslyandwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackaging大76家manyproducts.Subwaysaidthatworkedhardto大77家theimpactoflitteron

A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A)incorporatingB)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A)in B)atC)off D)underA)responsibilityB)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B)C) D)A) B) C) D)大78家itwas“stilldowntothe大79家customertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognisedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,大80家alreadytakenmeasurestohelp大81家the

A) B