2022年甘肅省隴南市大學英語6級大學英語六級學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

TheAIDSvirusisspreadthroughtheexchangeofinfectedbloodorbodyfluidsreleasedduringsexualactivity.

A.YB.NC.NG

2.

OnemajordifferencebetweentheStockExchangeandothermarketsisthattheStockExchangedealswithgoodswith______.

3.

TheicetonguegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoastusedtorejectsaltbackintothewater,making______heavierandhelpingittosink.

4.

Accordingtocritics,itwillcostmuchmorespendinginourpursuitof______.

5.CommonFaultsandEyeMovement

Thereareanumberofbadhabitswhichpoorreadersadopt.Mostoftheseinvolveusingextrabodymovementinthereadingprocess.Inefficientreading,themusclesoftheeyeshouldmaketheonlyexternalmovement.Ofcoursetheremustbevigorousmentalactivity,butextrabodymovements,suchaspointingwiththefingerormovingthelips,donothelpreadingandoftenslowitdown.

POINTINGATWORDS

Afaultthatisoftenseenwhenstudentsaretryingtoconcentrateispointingtothewordswithafinger,pencilorruler.Youngchildrenandverypoorreadersoftenpointwithafingerateachwordinturn.Slightlymorematurereaderssometimesholdapencilorrulerunderneaththelinewhichtheyarereading.Whilemarkingthelinemightbehelpfulforbeginningreaders,itiscertainlyunnecessaryfornormalreaders.Besidesslowingdownthereaderthroughthemeremechanicalmovementofpencil,ruler,orfinger,pointingatlinesorwordstendstocausethestudenttofocushisattentiononthewrongthing.Theimportantthingtoconcentrateonwhilereadingistheideathattheauthoristryingtocommunicate,andnotthelocationofthewordsonthepage.Theeyesofanychildoldenoughtolearnhowtoreadarecertainlyskillfulenoughtobeabletofollowalineofprintwithoutextrahelpfromfingersorrulers.

Anothercommonfaultthatiseasilyobservedisheadmovement.Thismostoftenoccurswhenstudentsarenervousabouttheirreadingortryinghard,asduringareadingspeedtest.Withheadmovementthestudenttriestoaimhisnoseatthewordheisreadingsothatashereadsacrossthelinehisheadturnsslightly.Whenhemakesthereturnsweeptobeginanewlinehisheadquicklyturnsbacksothathisnoseispointedattheleft-handmargin,andhecannowbegintoreadthenewlinebyslowlyturninghishead.Thebeliefthatthisheadmovementaidsreadingispurenonsense.Eyemusclesarequitecapableofshiftingtheeyesfromwordtoword,andthe)'neednohelpfromneckmuscles.

Oftenstudentsarequiteunawarethattheyaremovingtheirheadswhilereadingandtheyneedtoberemindedbytheteachernottodo-it.

VOCALIZATION

Vocalizationisanotherfault.Somepoorreadersthinkitnecessarytopronouncealoudeachwordasitisread.Usuallythispronunciationisquitesoft,sothatthestudentismorewhisperingtohimselfthanactuallyreadingaloud,buteventhisisveryundesirable.Thechiefdisadvantageofpronouncingwordswhileyoureadthemisthatittendstotiereading'speedtospeakingspeed,andthesilentreadingofmostnormalreadersisnearlytwiceasfastastheirspeaking.Usuallythisfaultcanbeeliminatedinolderstudentsbytheirownconsciouseffort,possiblywiththeaidofafewremindersfromtheteacher.

Vocalizationbybeginningreadersisacommonfault;afterareaderreachessomematurityitbecomesveryundesirable.

Vocalizationtakesvariousmodifiedforms.Sometimesareaderwillmerelymovehislipssoundlessly.Atothertimeshemaymaketongueorthroatmovementswithoutlipmovement.Stillotherreaderswillhaveactivitygoingonintheirvocalcords,whichcanbedetectedbythestudentifheplaceshisfingersalongsidehisvocalcordsinthethroatwhileheisreading.Vocalcordvibrationcanbefeltwiththefingersquiteeasily.Liketruevocalization,theseminorpartsof"subvocalization"--lipmovement,tongueorthroatmovementandvocalcordmovement--canbestoppedbyconsciouseffortofthestudent.

SUBVOCALIZATION

Subvocalizationisthemostdifficultofalltypesofvocalization.Insuhvocalizationthereisnobodymovement.Thelips,tongueorvocalcordsdonotmove.Butaninnertypeofspeechpersists:withinthestudent'smindheissayingeachwordtohimself,clearlyp

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Germansregarddeepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothofthetwofriendsasatragedy,because______.

A.theirfriendshipisbasedoncommonfeelings

B.theymakefriendsjusttoenlargetheirknowledge

C.theyconsiderfriendsthemostimportantpeopleintheirlife

D.theycan'ttolerateanydifferencebetweeneachother

7.

Calcium-richfood______itssupplementsbecauseitalsoprovidesothernutrientslikevitaminDandotherminerals.

8.

Despitemultipleauthors,thebookis______throughoutthetext.

9.

Yourdivorceapplicationcanbeacceptedifyoumakeitinhalfayearafteryoufindanyadulteryofyourspouse.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.

______millioncarsareabandonedinNewYorkCityeveryyear.

11.Fromthequizresearchersfindthatmostpeoplearequiteconfidentabouttheirfeelingsinthe______.

12.

China'senteringintoWTOwillthrowitseconomyintodisordertemporarily.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.

TheUnitedStatesmadeamistakeonthedetailsof______.

14.Oneofthegreatdrawbacksofcellularnetworksisitsexpensiveimplementingcost.

15.

Thenutritionalqualityoffoodproductvariesinaccordancewith______.

16.

Tohaveempoweringthoughts,whatshouldyoudofirst?

A.Totrytotakepositivesteps.

B.Tobewillingtomakeaswitch.

C.Tobeclearaboutyourinnerthoughts.

D.Tobereadyforhurtandanger.

17.

Thecropcircleswerethoughttobethegreatestworksofmodernart,thesignsof______orlandingsitesofUFOs.

18.

TheStockExchangeprovidesthelargecompanieswithawaytoreachintothepocketsofthepublic.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.IfacityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus",itmeansthatitslocalhealthteamscan______ontheirown.

20.

AccordingtoSunilBhartiMittalofBhartiAirtel,whatwillchangethetraditionalwayoftransactionsfundamentally?

A.MasterCard.

B.Textmessages.

C.Pre-paidcards.

D.Telephonenetwork.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(13)

A.Hewasstruckbyatennisballandgothurtinthehead.

B.Hiscarwashitbyanothercar.

C.Hehadanaccidentonhiswaytohospital.

D.Whilecrossingthestreet,hewasknockeddownbyaspeedingcar.

22.(26)

A.ShewassureAndrewwasjoking.

B.Shehadneverheardaboutit.

C.Shethoughtittotallyimpossible.

D.Ithadneverbeenmentionedanywhere.

23.【B8】

24.(21)

A.Therelationshipthecompanyestablisheswithitscustomers.

B.Legalresponsibilitiessharedbythecompanyanditscustomers.

C.Respondingtothecustomers'complaints.

D.Seekingthecustomers'feedbackactively.

25.(28)

A.Todocomprehensiveexercises.

B.Toreadsimplesentences.

C.Tocopyourfromthetextbooks.

D.Todoalloftheabove.

26.

【B3】

27.

【B7】

28.(35)

A.Paythebillsrightaway.

B.Readthemagazinesveryquickly.

C.Sortthearticlesintocategoriesforlaterreference.

D.Stopbuyingmagazineswhichyoudon'thavetimetoread.

29.聽力原文：M:Wasthemovieasgoodasyouexpected?

W:It'shardtosay.Ionlysawthetailendofthefilm.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(18)

A.Shedoesn'tlikethefilm.

B.Thefilmishardtounderstand.

C.Shesawthefilmfrombeginningtoend.

D.Sheonlysawthelastpartofthefilm.

30.

【B5】

31.聽力原文：M:Doyouthinkyoufeelenergeticenoughtowalktoourstudygroupsessiontonight?

W:Ifthereisone!Iguessyouhaven'theardtheweatherreports.Overafootofsnowisexpectedforthisevening.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(18)

A.Thelocationofthesessionhasbeenchanged.

B.Shewilldefinitelygotothesessionthisevening.

C.She'llprobablybetootiredtowalktothesession.

D.Thesessionmightbecanceledbecauseofaheavysnow.

32.(25)

A.TheywillgototheGrill.

B.Theywillgotothelibrary.

C.Theywillgoswimming.

D.Theywillwalkhome.

33.(44)

34.聽力原文：W：Didyourpicturesofthenightviewcomeoutasyouexpected?

M：Actually，IranoutoffilmbeforeIcouldevenbegin．Ididn'trealizeI'dfinishedtheroll．

Q：Whydidn'tthemanhaveanypicturestoshow?

(19)

A.Thecameradidn'twork.

B.Hehavenomoneytobuythefilm.

C.Thefilmhasn'tbeenprocessedyet.

D.Hedidn'thaveenoughfilm.

35.(36)

A.Itshouldbeassimilatedthoroughly.

B.Itshouldbeauthorizedbythesource.

C.Itshouldbeparaphrasedbytheauthors.

D.Itshouldbeenclosedinquotationmarks.

36.聽力原文：M:Wouldyouconductthemeetingformethisafternoon?

W:IwouldffIcould,butIcan't.IhavetoleaveforChicagoonbusinessthisafternoonandwillnotbebackuntilnextweek.

Q:Whatdidthewomansay?

(13)

A.Shewouldn'tminddoingitifshecould.

B.Shewishedshehadn'thadthemeeting.

C.Shedidn'twanttobecauseshewouldrathergotoChicago.

D.wouldbeabletohavethemeeting.

37.(24)

A.Whenthey'reunabletocontroltheperson'sbehavior.

B.Whenthecausesofthebehavior.areobvious.

C.Whentheconsequencesofthebehavior.areunpleasant.

D.Whenthebehavior.isexpected.

38.

【B2】

39.(31)

A.Britain.B.TheUnitedStates.C.France.D.Japar.

40.聽力原文：W：I'dappreciateyourprofessionalopinion．DoyouthinkIshouldsueSimpson?

M：Notreally．Ithinkthatwecansettlethisoutofcourt，Thatwaywecansavebothtimeandeffort．

Q：What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

(16)

A.Patientanddoctor.

B.Judgeandlawyer.

C.Studentandteacher.

D.Clientandlawyer.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

Inordertoallowonlysomepeopletoviewyourblog,youcan______.

42.

"Putallyoureggsinjustonebasket"inthelastparagraphcomesfromafamousidiomanditis"______".

43.

It'sobservedthatachildmustadoptresponsesapprovedby______.

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Cultureshockisprecipitatedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsandsymbolsofsocialintercourse.Thesesignsarethethousandandonewaysinwhichweorientourselvestothesituationsofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtogiveorderstoservants,howtomakepurchases,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.

Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,customs,ornormsareacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichareunconsciouslylearned.

Whenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikeafishoutofwater.Nomatterhowbroad-mindedorfullofgoodwillhemaybe,aseriesofpropshavebeenknockedfromunderhim.Thisisfollowedbyafeelingoffrustrationandanxiety.Peoplereacttothefrustrationinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesthediscomfort:"Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad."

Forexample,Americanswhoareinastrangelandgettogethertogrouse(埋怨)aboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesuretheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.

Anotherphaseofcultureshockisregression(回歸).Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlyassumesatremendousimportance,everythingbecomesirrationallyglorified.Alldifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.

Someofthesymptomsofcultureshockare:excessiveconcernovercleanlinessandthefeelingthatwhatisnewandstrangeis"dirty".Thiscouldbeinrelationtodrinkingwater,food,dishes,andbedding;fearofphysicalcontactwithattendantsorservants;afeelingofhelplessnessandadesirefordependenceonlong-termresidentsofone'sownnationality;irritationoverdelaysandotherminorfrustrationsoutofproportiontotheircauses;delayandoutfightrefusaltolearnthelanguageofthehostcountry;excessivefearofbeingcheated,robbed,orinjured;greatconcernoverminorpainsandirruptionsoftheskin;andfinally,thatterriblelongingtobebackhome,tobeinfamiliarsurroundings,tovisitone'srelatives,and,ingeneral,totalktopeoplewhoreally"makesense".

Individualsdiffergreatlyinthedegreeinwhichcultureshockaffectsthem.Althoughnotcommon,thereareindividualswhocannotliveinforeigncountries.Thosewhohaveseenpeoplegothroughaseriouscaseofcultureshockandontoasatisfactoryadjustmentcandiscernstepsintheprocess.

Cultureshockresultsfrom______.

A.Lackingsocialinteraction

B.notbeingabletoadjustoneselftodailysituationsinaforeigncountry

C.lackingconsciousnessoflearningaforeignculture

D.beingunabletospeakthelanguageofaforeignculture

45.WhenmentioningtheattitudeofPrimeMinisterTonyBlair,someuniversitiesworry______.

A.thefutureorientationofuniversities

B.thefinancialproblemsofuniversities

C.theinfluenceofgovernment'spolicyonuniversities

D.thepurityofuniversitiesinitsfieldofacademeresearch

46.SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreudandtwoofhisfollowers,AlfredAdlerandCarlGustavJung.

SigmundFreud,anAustrianneurologist,wasthefounderofpsychoanalysisand,somewouldsay,ofmodernpsychologyitself.ThemainhypothesisofFreud'stheoryisthathumanbehavior.isdeterminedprimarilybyunconsciousmotives.Theseunconsciousmotivescanbediscoveredthroughtheuseoffreeassociation,thatis,throughtalkingoutproblemswiththepatient.Freud'stheoryofpersonalityinvolvedthreebroadareasofinvestigationintohumanbehavior.structural,dynamic,anddevelopmental.Structurally,Freuddividedthehumanpersonalityintoid,ego,andsuperego.Theidisthecompletelyunconsciouspartofself.Itistherepository(資源)ofone'sinstinctualneedsanddrives.Freudpositedthatitconsistedofeverythingpsychologicalthatwasinherited.

Theegoistherationalaspectofthepersonality.Itgovernstheimpulsiveneedscreatedbytheidanddecideswhichneedscanandwillbesatisfiedaccordingtotheconditionsoftheenvironment.Thesuperegoistheconscience,theethicalormoralaspectofpersonality.Itisformedbythetraditionalvaluesandidealsofthesocietyorcultureinwhichapersonisborn.Thesuperegostrivesfortheideal.The"conscience"partprovidesguiltfeelingswhenmoralvaluesareviolated.The"ego-ideal"partprovidesfeelingsofpridewhentheselfactsinconsonancewithtraditionalvaluesofthegroup.

Freud'sdynamicconceptsinvolvedinstinct,libido,andanxiety.Generally,wetermbehavior.asinstinctiveifitoccurswithoutanyapparentopportunityofitshavingbeenlearned.Freud's"instinct"differedinthatitreferstoaninbornbodilyconditionrepresentedby"wish"and"need".Libidoisdescriptiveofone'semotionalorpsychicenergy.Thisenergyenableslife"instincts"toperform.theirworkandisderivedfromprimitivebiologicalurges,forexample,thesexdrive.Thus,thelibidoisusuallygoaldirected.Anxiety,inpsychologicalterms,isanuncontrollablestateoffearoftenunrelatedtoaspecificobjectorevent.Freud'sdevelopmentalconceptsincludedidentification,displacement,defensemechanisms,andpsychosexualstages.Identificationlabelsthebehavior.ofanindividualwhoimitatesanotherpersonorgroup(moviestar,gangster,etc.).Displacementoccurswhentheinstinctisblockedandthefrustratedenergyisthendivertedtosubstituteobjects.Defensemechanisms(repression,projection,andreaction)describebehavior.reactingtorelieveextremepressureandtodefendtheego.Psychosexualstagesrefertothefivesetstagesofanindividual,frombirththroughadolescence,oral(breast-suckingbabyhood),anal(toilet-trainingperiod),phallic(3-6years'developmentofsexualfeelings),latency(intermediatestagebetweenphallicandbeginningofpuberty(青春期),andgenital(formationofgenuinerelationshipsandtheendofnarcissism(自我陶醉)).

Freud'stwodisciplesbrokewiththemasterlargelyoverthecentralityofsexinFreud'stheorizing.AlfredAdlermaintainedthatmanwasmoreasocialbeingthanasexualone,andthatindividualsareprimarilymotivatedbysocialinterests.CarlJungalsodifferedfromFreudonwhatdeterminesthemotivationforhumanbehavior.Hestressedgoaldirectionbeyondchildhood,aswellastheinfluenceoftheancestralpastinsuchthingsasmagic,power,andheroworship.

Freud'sconceptsincluded______.

A.denialofinstinctivebehavior.inanimalsandhumans

B.beliefthatreligionproperlymoldedtheconsciencesothattheidcouldbecontrolled

C.beliefthathumanbehavior.canbeexplainedprimarilybytheunconsciousmotivesofindividuals

D.beliefthathumanbehavior.iscompletelycontrolledbythe"conscience"part

47.

InParagraph2,whatissaidaboutbooks______.

A.isnotinanysenseacontradiction

B.appearstobesomewhatcontradictory

C.suggeststhatFrenchparentslikeEnglishchildren'sbooks

D.suggeststhatFrenchparentsfindthesebookseducational

48.

Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthearticle?

A.NewDigitalAgeofInteractivity

B.DigitalStillCamera

C.OneApplicationofComputer

D.GoodbyeAnalog,HelloDigital

49.(56)

50.

TheTIMEreporterscameupwithsomanyinterestingstoriesaboutpetsbecausethepetownerswantedtosharetheirstories.

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

It'sperhapstheworld'smostfamousunderwaterattraction,immortalizedinfilmandinlegend:theTitanic.Butnowexpertssaytheoceanliner,onceawonderofthehighseas,isfallingtopieces.

Capt.AlfredMcLaren,thescientistwhoinJulyledthemostrecentexpeditiontotheship'sunderwatergrave,saidhisteamsawclearsignsofthewreck'sacceleratingdecay.Therewasdamagelikelycausedbyrustandsealife,andthecaptain'scabinhadcollapsed.

"Iwasabsolutelyastonished,"McLarensaid.

Worsestill,thefallenmastthatcrushedtheship'sdeckisbelievedbymanytobetheresultofanunapprovedsalvageoperation."Itwasalmostdepressingtoseehowquicklyshewasdeteriorating,"McLarensays."Iwouldbereallysurprisedifthere'sverymuchstandingupfromthebottom,twodecadesfromnow."

EdKamuda,whorunstheTitanicHistoricalSocietyinSpringfield,Mass.,saysadventuretourists-whopay$36,000eachtovisitthewreck--arealsocontributingtothecrumblingoftheTitanic.

"ThisissomethingIexpected.Ijustdidn'texpectittohappensoquickly,"Kamudasaid."Peoplearegoingdownjustasanegotriptosay'Iwasthere.'Allthistakesatollontheship."

TheTitanichassatatthebottomoftheAtlanticsinceitsankafterhittinganicebergonitsmaidenvoyageonApril14,1912.Morethan1,500peoplediedthatnight.TheshipcametorestatthebottomofthefrigidNorthAtlantic,morethan2milesbeneaththewaves.Thewreckwasdiscoveredin1985,andsincethenithasbeenrepeatedlyvisitedbytreasurehunters.

Butstillsomescientistssaythosedivers,andotherthrillseekersarenotnecessarilytoblamefortheTitanie'scurrentwoes.

Capt.CraigMcLeanoftheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationwentonanexpeditiontotheTitanicinJuneaspartofagovernmentstudythatismonitoringtheconditionoftheship.Hesaysit'sunclearwhatpartofthedamageisfromMotherNatureandwhichisfromhumannature.

"It'stooearlyandthereisinsufficientevidencetoputourfingersonanything,"McLeansaid.

Regardless,mostagreethere'slittlethatcanbedoneforthismostfamousofwrecks.Andsoon,themightyTitaniccouldwellbelostagain.

AccordingtoAlfredMcLaren,thedecayoftheTitanicwasmostprobablyacceleratedby______.

A.MotherNature

B.humannature

C.thrillseekers

D.adventuretourists

52.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

IsitanywonderthatAmericaisalsoacountryofdangerouslyoverweightpeople?

AccordingtoarecentstudybytheNationalCenterforHealthStatistics,thenumberofadultscharacterizedasoverweightintheUnitedStateshasjumpedtoanastonishingone-thirdofthepopulation.Overweightinthiscasemeansbeingabout20percentormoreaboveaperson'sdesirableweight.Sincethefiguresfor"desirableweight"havemovedupwardoverthelastdecadeorso,totalpoundage-evenat20percentover-maybeconsiderable.

Soaretheattendanthealthrisks.Excessweighthasbeenlinkedtocardiovasculardisease,hypertension,adult-onsetdiabetesandsomeformsofcancer,amongotherdiseases.

Once,whenworkandschoolandthegrocerystorewereatwo-milehikeaway,Americanscouldaffordthecaloriestheyconsume.Butnotnow,notwhenmillionsspendfourorfivehoursadayinfrontofaTVset-alongwithabagofchips,abowlofbutteredpopcornandasixpack--andthere'saearortwoineverydriveway.

"Thereisnocommitmenttoobesity(肥胖)asapublichealthproblem,"saidDr.WilliamDietz,directorofclinicalnutritionattheNewEnglandMedicalCenterinBoston."We'veignoredit,andblameditongluttonyandsloth."

Ifonedefinitionofapublichealthproblemisitscosttothenation,thenobesityqualifies.AccordingtoastudydonebyDr.GrahamA.Colditz,whoteachesatHarvardMedicalSchool,itcostAmericaanestimated$68.8billionin1990.Butwhat'swrongblamingitongluttonyandsloth?True,someunfortunateoverweightpeoplehaveanunderlyingphysicalorgeneticproblem.ButformostAmericans,theproblemiswithtwoofthesevendeadlysins.

Losingweightisadesperatelydifficultbusiness.Preventinggain,however,isnot.Consumerinformationiseverywhere,andtherecanbefewadultswhotrulybelievethathotdogs,fries,asodaandacoupleofTwinkiesmakeagoodlunch.Buttheyeatthemanyway.

AsmoreandmoreAmericansbecameeducatedtotherisksofsmoking,moreandmoreAmericansgaveupthehabit.NowitappearsthatAmericansneedanintensiveeducationintherisksofstuffingthemselvesandfailingtoexerciseaswell.

Giventheseductivenessofchocolateandcheese,thecouchandthecar,thathabitwillbehardtobreak.Butifanounceofpreventioncanobviateapoundoffat,itiswellworththestruggle.

Theauthorsetsupthestandardofoverweightpeoplebasedonthefactthat______.

A.thenumberofoverweightpeoplehasastonishinglyincreased

B.peoplehaveadifferentideaabouttheirdesirableweightnow

C.overweightbecomesathreattopeople'shealth

D.theoverweightproblemhaslongbeenstudied

53.Howdoesacarreactatfirsttothecodesignalofanelectroniccarkey?

54.Apersoncanbegoodatcriticalthinking,meaningthatthepersoncanhavetheappropriatedispositionsandbeadeptatthecognitiveprocesses,whilestillnotbeingagood(inthemoralsense)criticalthinker.Forexample,apersoncanbeadeptatdevelopingargumentsandthen,unethically,usethisskilltomisleadandexploitagullible(易受騙的)person,perpetrate(作惡)afraud,ordeliberatelyconfuseandconfound(挫敗),andfrustrateaproject.

Theexpertswerefacedwithaninterestingproblem.Some,aminority,wouldprefertothinkthatcriticalthinking,byitsverynature,isinconsistentwiththekindsofunethicalanddeliberatelycounterproductiveexamplesgiven.Theyfindithardtoimagineapersonwhowasgoodatcriticalthinkingnotalsobeinggoodinthebroaderpersonalandsocialsense.Inotherwords,ifapersonwere"really"a"goodcriticalthinker"intheproceduralsenseandifthepersonhadalltheappropriatedispositions,thenthepersonsimplywouldnotdothosekindsofexploitiveandaggravatingthings.

Thelargemajority,however,holdtheoppositejudgment.Theyarefirmintheviewthatgoodcriticalthinkinghasnothingtodowithanygivensetofethicalvaluesorsocialmores.Themajorityofexpertsmaintainthatcriticalthinkingconceivedofaswehavedescribeditabove,is,regrettably,notinconsistentwithitsunethicaluse.Atool,anapproachtosituations,thesecangoeitherway,ethicallyspeaking,dependingonthecharacter,integrity,andprinciplesofthepersonswhopossessthem.So,inthefinalanalysisthemajorityofexpertsmaintainedthat"itisaninappropriateuseofthetermtodenythatsomeoneisengagedincriticalthinkingonthegroundsthatonedisapprovesethicallyofwhatthepersonisdoing.Whatcriticalthinkingmeans,whyitisofvalue,andtheethicsofitsusearebestregardedasthreedistinctconcerns.

RichardPauldescribestwobeneficialdispositionsthatareencouraged(butnotguaranteed)bycriticalthinkingeducation:

"Fair-mindedthinkerstakeintoaccounttheinterestsofeveryoneaffectedbytheproblemandproposedsolutions.Theyaremorecommittedtofindingthebestsolutionthantogettingtheirway."Andacriticalthinker"hasconfidencethat,inthelongnm,one'sownhigherinterestsandthoseofhumankindatlargewillbebestservedbygivingthefreestplaytoreason,despitethedeep-seatedobstaclesinthenativecharacterofthehumanmindandinsocietyasweknowit."

Yes,reasonisuseful,itisnobleanddesirable,itshouldbehighlyvaluedandcarefullydeveloped.Butweshouldkeepthingsinperspective,regardingwhatreasoncanaccomplish.ProbablymostofuswillagreewithPaul(aboutthevalueofcriticalthinking)butalsowiththemajorityofexperts(thatbecomingskilledatcriticalthinkingdoesnotguaranteethatthispowerfultoolwillalwaysbeusedforthebenefitofo