TheEducationalThoughtsofConfucius目前一頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Introduction目前二頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點BorninthevillageofZoninthecountryofLuin551BCDiedin479BCPosition:ThefirsteducatorofprivateschoolMaindoctrine——Ren目前三頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點·FounderoftheConfucianschoolandConfucianism·SymbolofChineseculture·Thinker·Educator·Statesman·Philosopher目前四頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點ConfuciusisfamousforhisphilosophybecausehemademanywisesayingsinancientChinathathelpedmanypeoplelearnaboutnature,theworld,andthehumanbehavior.目前五頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點HeestablishedfirstprivateschoolinChinaandacceptedthestudentsfromeverywhere.Subjects:Manners,Music,Literature,Riding,ArcheryandMathematics(禮，樂，射，御，書，數）Hehave3000students.Amongthem,72becamefamousscholars.目前六頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點TheAnalectsisthesinglemostimportantbookinthehistoryofChina,whichexpressaphilosophy,oramoralcode,bywhichConfucius,oneofthemosthumanethinkersofalltime,believedeveryoneshouldlive.AnenduringclassicofChineseculture,TheAnalectshasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansintheover2,000-year-longhistoryofChinaafterConfucius.Noscholarcouldtrulyunderstandthislong-standingcultureortheinnerworldoftheancientChinesewithoutthisbook.TheAnalects目前七頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Philosophy目前八頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點仁Humanity智Knowledge義Knowledge信Knowledge禮KnowledgeBenevolence,tobehumanity,mercyandkindness;Justness,toberighteousnessRituals,customandlow,tobepoliteWisdom,tobeknowledgeableandwelleducatedRoyalty,faithful,reliable,accountable,responsible,creditable目前九頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點I

will

not

be

afflictedatmen's

not

knowing

me;

I

will

be

afflicted

that

I

do

not

know

men.不患人之不己知，患不知人也Whatonedoesnotwishforoneself,oneoughtnottodotoanyoneelse;whatonerecognizesasdesirableforoneself,oneoughttobewillingtogranttoothers."目前十頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Thepersonsbeingcultivated,thefamilieswereregulated.身修而后家齊Thefamiliesbeingregulated,theStateswererightlygoverned.家齊而后國治TheStatesbeingrightlygoverned,theentireworldwasatpeace.國治而后天下平目前十一頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點EducationalThoughts目前十二頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點ConfuciuswasChina'sfirsteducator.Hetaughtstudentsallhislife,andputforwardmanyimportanteducationalprinciplesandeffectiveteachingmethods.Heheldthatallmenwereeducable,becausebynaturemenwerequitealike,andtheyweremadedifferentbylearningandpractice.He

wasthefirstfigureinChinesehistorytoinitiateeducation.Hebelievedthebasicgoalofeducationwastocultivate"personsofvirtue",whoshouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.目前十三頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Thiswasinhisdayanepoch-makingview,becauseitmeantthatnotonlythenobles，butpeopleofallotherclasses，wereentitledtoreceiveeducation.Histeachingmethodsincludedtheelicitingmethod,givinginstructionsaccordingtostudents'peculiarities,andcombiningtheorywithrealityandpractice.Todeepenhisstudents,understanding,hediscussedwiththemrealpeopleandeventsofearliertimesandhisday,expressinghisownviews,makinganalys,pointingouttheirstrengthsandweaknesses,andurginghisstudentstoweighanddecideissues.目前十四頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Educationtarget：thefirstpersontoopenaprivateschooltocommonpeopleCoursecontentmorality,properspeech,government,therefinedartsPedagogicalmethods:Heposesquestions,orusesaptanalogies,andwaitsforhisstudentstoarriveattherightanswers.Educationgoal:tocreatesuperiormen目前十五頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Topreferitisbetterthanonlytoknowit.Todelightinitisbetterthanmerelytopreferit.Whatyouknow,youknow,whatyoudon‘tknow,youdon’tknow.Thisisknowledge.知之為知之,不知為不知,是知也。知之者不如好之者，好之者不如樂之者。目前十六頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Inteachingpeople,thereisnodiscrimination(ofclass,type,etc.)Reviewingwhatyouhavelearnedandlearninganew,youarefittobeateacher.Learningwithoutsatiety,instructingotherswithoutbeingwearied.If

a

man

in

the

morninghear

the

right

way,

he

may

die

in

the

evening

without

regret.目前十七頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點ZiGongasked:“WhywasKongWenZicalled‘Wen’?”Confuciusreplied:“Hewasquickanddevotedtolearning,andnotashamedtoaskedthosebelowhim.Thatiswhyheiscalled‘Wen’”.子貢問曰：“孔文子何以謂之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好學，不恥下問，是以謂之‘文’也。”目前十八頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點Influence目前十九頁\總數二十二頁\編于二十點叁TheConfucianthoughtshaveawideinfluenceinallthenationsofEastAsia.InKoreaandJapan,ethicandetiquettehavebeenundertheinfluenceoftheConfucianviewpointssuchashumanity,justiceandetiquette,etc.Theinfluenceisstillquite