野新視大學(xué)英語第1頁/共71頁ChoosetoBeAloneonPurpose

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HenryDavidThoreau

(1817—1862)U.S.thinker,essayist,andnaturalist.BorninConcord,Mass,hegraduatedfromHarvardUniversityandtaughtschoolforseveralyearsbeforedecidingtobecomeapoetofnature.Intheyears1845—1847,todemonstratehowsatisfyingasimplelifecouldbe,helivedinahutbesideConcord'sWaldenPond;essaysrecordinghisdailylifewereassembledforhismasterwork,Walden(1854).

第3頁/共71頁

JohnMilton

Englishpoet(1608—1674).MiltonattendedCambridgeUniversity(1625—1632),wherehewrotepoemsinLatin,Italian,andEnglish.Hisepicmasterpiecesinclude

ParadiseLost(1667),ParadiseRegained(1671),anepicinwhichChristovercomesSatanthetempter,andSamsonAgonistes

(1671)consideredsecondonlytoW.ShakespeareinthehistoryofEnglish-languagepoetry,Miltonhadanimmenseinfluenceonlaterliterature.

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WilliamWordsworth

Englishpoet(1770—1850).Orphanedat13,WordsworthattendedCambridgeUniv.,butremainedrootlessandvirtuallypennilessuntil1795,whenalegacymadepossibleareunionwithhissisterD.Wordsworth.HebecamefriendswithS.T.Coleridge,withwhomhewroteLyricalBallads(1798),thecollectionoftenconsideredtohavelaunchedtheEnglishRomanticMovement.In1843hebecameEngland'spoetlaureate.HeisregardedasthecentralfigureintheinitiationofEnglishRomanticism.第5頁/共71頁WomeninUSlivingaloneWhyaretheremoreandmoreAmericanwomenchoosingtobealone?Howtoexplainthisphenomenon?視頻播放第6頁/共71頁Mainideaofthetext?

Thereadingpassagefocusesonasocialphenomenon—choosingtobealoneonpurpose.Thepassagemainlytellsus:whatlivingaloneis,whatpeoplethinkoflivingalone,whopreferlivingalone,theauthor’scommentsonlivingaloneandwhatheadvisesforlivinginsolitude.

第7頁/共71頁Livingalone–acommonsocialphenomenon.PartI(para.1)PartII(para.2）Whatdopeoplethinkoflivingalone?Theauthormentions3famousliterarygiantswhochoosetobealoneandtellsuswhatmessagewecandrawfromthepeoplewhochoosetobealone.PartⅢ(paras.3-10)Theauthormakeshiscommentsonlivingalone.

PartⅣ(paras.11-16)第8頁/共71頁e.g.Shediditonpurpose,ofcourse.她當(dāng)然是故意那樣做的。1.…tobealoneonpurpose,…(Para.2)

purposely故意的onpurpose第9頁/共71頁e.g.Wehavefoundameeting–placethatwillserveourpurpose.我們找到了一個很合適的會址。

e.g.It’sevidentthatshespoketothepurposeatthemeeting.她在會上的發(fā)言很中肯，這是很明顯的。擴展第10頁/共71頁e.g.Hemanagedtoseekouthisfriendinthecrowd.他設(shè)法在人群中找出了自己的朋友。2.Theyallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingitout,…(Para.3)findsth.orsb.bylookinghard找出，搜尋出

seekout第11頁/共71頁e.g.Sheisbeautifulandbenignandtheembodimentofallthefinestqualitiesofaloyalandlovingwife.她非常漂亮溫柔，體現(xiàn)了一位忠貞可愛的妻子的全部美德。

3.“Howgraceful,hoebenign,issolitude,”hewrote.(Para.4)benign

a.kind

and

gentle

善良的，慈祥的第12頁/共71頁4.…h(huán)ecallsthegirlstocomebackandwriteitdownwhilehedictates.(Para.6)e.g.Shespentthemorningdictatingletterstohersecretary.她花了一上午向她的秘書口述信件。dictatev.speaksth.aloudforanotherpersonorforamachinetorecordthewordssaid聽寫，口授第13頁/共71頁5.Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.(Para.10)n.one’sideaoropinionofoneself,oragreatfeelingofone’sownimportanceandability自我，自尊心ego第14頁/共71頁e.g.I'mgladshegotthejob—sheneededsomethingtoboostherego.我很高興她得到了那份工作——她需要那份工作來增強她的自尊心。e.g.Thatmanhasgotsuchanenormousego

—I'veneverknownanyonesofullofthemselves.那個人非常自負，我從來沒有見過那么以自我為中心的人。第15頁/共71頁egoism:n.自我主義；自私；利己egoist:n.自私自利者；自我中心者egoistic(al):a.自私自利的；利己主義的ego-trip:n.(俚）以自我為中心的活動e.g.Herlifeisjustonebigego-trip.她的一生都是以自我為中心的。擴展第16頁/共71頁e.g.Idoquiteahumblejobatthehospital.我在醫(yī)院從事很普通的工作。6.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude.(Para.10)adj.havingalowopinionofoneself謙遜的，謙虛的e.g.Hestrikesmeasaveryhumbleperson.

他的謙虛給我留下了深刻的印象。humbleI’myourhumbleservant.第17頁/共71頁7.…youcanstretchoutyoursoul…(Para.11)lengthensth.bypulling;causetoreachforward,aswiththehands

拉長，伸長，伸出e.g.Hestretchedoutonthegrass.他手腳伸開著躺在草地上。

stretchout第18頁/共71頁e.g.Shedoesn’thaveallthequalificationsbutIthinkweshouldstretchapointinherfavour.她并非全部合格，但我認為我們可以為她放開一些限制。擴展stretchone’slegs

去散步

第19頁/共71頁8.…peoplewecancalltosaywelostourjoborfellonaslipperyfloorandbrokeourarm.(Para12)a.1)difficulttoholdortostandon,driveon,etc.滑的e.g.Theroadsareslipperyaftertherain.雨后道路很滑。slipperye.g.Onceyou'vegivenintotemptationforthefirsttimeyou‘reontheslipperyslope.一旦你經(jīng)不住第一次誘惑，以后就無法抵制得住。第20頁/共71頁e.g.He'sasslipperyasaneel—youcannevergetastraightansweroutofhim.他像鱔魚般難以捉摸——你永遠不可能從他口里得到直接的回答。a.2)nottobetrusted,shifty圓滑第21頁/共71頁e.g.Shewaschokedwithanger.她氣得說不出話來。9.…andobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesus.(Para.12)v.1）becomeormakesb.Becomeunabletospeak

說不出話來e.g.Thesurprisefarewellpartyleftthemallchokedup.這一意外的告別聚會令他們激動得說不出話來。choke第22頁/共71頁擴展e.g.Hewasprettychokedaboutbeingdroppedfromteam.他因為隊里未重用他而耿耿于懷。e.g.Anelderlymanchokedtodeathinhishome.昨天一個老人在家因窒息而死。2）stoporpartlystopbreathing窒息choked:a.心煩，憤怒。通常做表語。第23頁/共71頁短語chokesth.back克制，抑制 chokesb.off粗魯?shù)鼗蛲蝗蛔柚鼓橙薱hokesth.down困難地咽下某物chokesth.upwithsth.用某物填滿某物第24頁/共71頁10.…opinionsthatbacksupand…(Para12)2)support,esp.inanargument支持backupe.g.Thecorrespondencehasbeenbackingupforseveraldays.待處理的信件已積壓了好幾天。1)causetoblockup使積壓，使擁塞e.g.Thepolicemanwouldn'thavebelievedmeifyouhadn'tbackedmeup.如果當(dāng)時你不支持我，警察是不會相信我的。第25頁/共71頁Theyareworriedthattheothersidewill________oftheagreements.

Eventhoughitwasobviousherideaswereunworkable,shewouldn’t__________.

Thechild___________fromthebigdog.擴展backdown:放棄主權(quán)，要求等，讓步，屈服backout：退出協(xié)議，撤回承諾等,有時與of連用。backaway:（因恐懼或厭惡而）后退，退縮。backoutbackdownbackedaway他們擔(dān)心對方不履行協(xié)議盡管她的意見顯然不可行但是她仍不放棄。那小孩向后退躲開那條大狗。第26頁/共71頁11.…talkatlengthtoourselves…(Para.13)foralongtimeoringreatdetail長久地，詳盡地,側(cè)重從全面廣泛的角度來來描述某事物。atlengthe.g.Hetalkedatlengthabouthischildhood.他詳細地談了他童年的經(jīng)歷。第27頁/共71頁e.g.Atlengththerecamethestepuponthestair,uponthelocktheoldfamiliarhand.終于從樓梯上傳來了腳步聲響，門把上又重現(xiàn)那以往熟悉的手。2)intheend終于，最后第28頁/共71頁《讀寫教程IV》:

Ex.Ⅱ,p.124《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅲ,p.124《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅳ,p.125《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅴ,p.125《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅵ,p.126《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅶ,p.127《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅷ,p.127《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.Ⅸ,p.128《讀寫教程IV》:Ex.X,p.128第29頁/共71頁II.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.WhyislonelinesscalledanationaldiseaseoftheU.S.?All22millionofpeoplelivealone,whichsuggeststhatitisanoverwhelmingphenomenonintheUnitedStates.第30頁/共71頁Becausetheycanfindinspirationinsolitude.Themorecapablethepersonisofthinkingonhisown,thelesshisneedforstayingwithothers.2.Accordingtothepassage,whydopoetslikethesolitarycondition?3.WhatcanbelearnedfromThoreau’schoiceofthesolitarywayoflife?第31頁/共71頁Itdepends.Ifheliveswiththem,thefriends’temporaryleavingwillbereceivedasawelcomechange.However,ifhelivesalone,thetemporaryabsenceoffriendswillleavehimnothingbutthefeelingofemptiness.4.Howwillthetemporaryabsenceoffriendsandacquaintancesaffectaperson?第32頁/共71頁Theneedtotalkisthemostbasicneedofasolitaryperson.5.Whyisitimportantforapersonlivingalonetotalktoothers?6.Whomaythepersonlivinginsolitudetalkto?Hemaycallfriendstotellthemimportantthings,ortalktohimself,hispets,thetelevision,oreventostrangersinthesupermarket.第33頁/共71頁Heshouldstayrational,settlehimselfinacomfortableandpleasantwayandwaitforanythinghappythatmayhappen.7.Howisasolitarymanadvisedtoenjoyhislife?第34頁/共71頁Asordinarypeople’ssolitaryconditionoflivingdiffersfromthatofthegreatmindslikethepoetsandphilosophers,theyshouldcherishthethoughtthat“sincewearehere,wemayaswellstayandmakethebestofit”.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheauthor’sattitudestowardsordinarypeople’sconditionoflivingalone?第35頁/共71頁1.Thoughhedidnotd_____hewentatapaceslowenoughforthelistenerstotakedownalotofwhathesaid.2.Shecouldnotwaitfordaybreakandcalledherfriendupatmidnighttotellhertheunpleasantexperiencethatc_____her.III.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththehelpofthefirstletters.Fillineachblankwithonewordonly.ictatehoked第36頁/共71頁3.Employeesath_____postshavetocarefullyweighuptheemployer’swordsandcloselywatchhisexpression.4.Publicconfidenceintheadministrationofj_____bypoliceandcourtshashalf-collapsed,andithastoberebuilt.5.Ithinkitisagoodideatohaveatripinthecoldandwetweather,butyouhavetogowellpreparedwithamapandcompassandwarmw_________clothing.aterproofusticeumble第37頁/共71頁6.Itwasexpectedthatidentifyingandresurfacings_______roadswouldreduceskidding(打滑)accidentsby1,800ayear.7.WhileWilliamWordsworthwasoutdoorscreatingp_____,hissisterDorothymanagedthehouseholdchores(家庭雜務(wù))indoors.8.Althoughhisauthoritywass_______,hepreferredtoregardhimselfnotasadictatorbutasapartner,actingtogetherwithdirectors,playersandeveryoneelseintheclubinacommonpurpose.lipperyoetryupreme第38頁/共71頁1.

Peoplerefusedtotalktohimafterthescandalandhewasdiscardedbythebestsociety.IV.Replacetheunderlinedwordsorexpressionsinthefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromthetextthatbestkeeptheoriginalmeaning.castout第39頁/共71頁2.Thoreaudidn’trequireanycompany,instead,hehadthestrongdesiretobeleftinthehutallalone.3.AttheweekendweareusuallyallowedtogotobedlaterthanusualtowatchTV.allbyhimselfstayuplate第40頁/共71頁4.Evenwhenhewasintheprimaryschool,hehadagreatlikingforfootball.5.Thestorylinewassofascinatingthatshefinishedreadingthebookwithoutabreak.6.Theditcheswerefullofmudandrubbishagainafterthepouringrain.wasfondofatonesittingfilledupwith第41頁/共71頁7.ThewriterhasahighopinionofThoreau’slivingallbyhimselfatWaldenPond.8.Somepoetsandphilosophersthinktheyhavefoundbylookinghardinspirationinsolitude.speakshighlyofhavesoughtout第42頁/共71頁V.Lookatthefollowingsentencetakenfromyourreadingpassage.Justthinkaboutwhatelseyoucan“reject”andfillinthesentenceswiththerightwords.1.Consequently,itisnotsurprisingthatinthisperiodthemainphilosophicalschoolstendedtorejecttheid__ofprogressandtoholdcyclicalviewsconcerningthenatureoftime.ea第43頁/共71頁2.ButPalestiniansrejectedtheof___andsaidtheycouldnotresumepeacetalksuntilalltheirrequestsweresatisfied.fer3.Today,nearlyathousandbusdrivers,engineers,andclericalworkersweregoingtovoteonwhethertoacceptorrejectthepro_____,whichalsoincludesacutinbankholidaypay.posal第44頁/共71頁4.Ratherthanrejectthebe____ofMarxismonthegroundsthatithadnotbeenprovedbyhistory,hesoughttoaccountforMarxismthroughananalysisofthespecifichistoryoftheformerSovietUnion.lief5.Thebankmayrejectyourre_____foraloanbecauseitthinksyouareunabletopaybackinduetime.quest第45頁/共71頁6.Hearguestosaythattorejectthecon____fromthechurchisnottosuggestthatpeoplewouldnotbelieveintheexistenceofGod.trol7.Herejectedthepro______offeredbythecompanybysayingthathewouldratherhaveafreewillastohisownfutureandwouldnotberestrictedbythecontractforthenewpromotion.motion第46頁/共71頁8.DuringtheAnti-JapaneseWarmanyChinesepeoplerejectedpro_____madeinJapanasapartoftheirpatriotic(愛國的)movement.ducts第47頁/共71頁1.TherepairscostalmostdoublewhatIthoughttheywould.Ireally_____________howmuchdamagewasdone.VI.Nowstudythemeaningofthefollowingwordsandthencompletethesentenceswithsomeofthesewords.underestimatedover-anxiousoverloadoversleepoverestimateoverheatoverchargeover-reactunderestimateunderpreparedunderweightunderpaidunder-capacityunder-financedunderdeveloped第48頁/共71頁over-anxiousoverloadoversleepoverestimateoverheatoverchargeover-reactunderestimateunderpreparedunderweightunderpaidunder-capacityunder-financedunderdeveloped3.ImissedthetrainthismorningbecauseI________again.2.Manypeopletherecomplainedthattheywereoverworkedbut_________.underpaidoverslept第49頁/共71頁over-anxiousoverloadoversleepoverestimateoverheatoverchargeover-reactunderestimateunderpreparedunderweightunderpaidunder-capacityunder-financedunderdeveloped4.______________countriesshouldbeassistedbyallowingthemaccesstoinformationtechnologiessothatonedaytheycancruisealongsidethedevelopedcountriesontheInformationSuperhighway.Underdeveloped第50頁/共71頁over-anxiousoverloadoversleepoverestimateoverheatoverchargeover-reactunderestimateunderpreparedunderweightunderpaidunder-capacityunder-financedunderdeveloped6.Heclaimedthetaxidriver___________himby$10,anddecidedtomakeacomplaint.5.TheSalesDirector____________thedemandandthecompanywasconsequentlyleftwith20,000unsoldcopies.overestimatedovercharged第51頁/共71頁over-anxiousoverloadoversleepoverestimateoverheatoverchargeover-reactunderestimateunderpreparedunderweightunderpaidunder-capacityunder-financedunderdeveloped7.Inthisunderdevelopedcountry,nearlyathirdofthechildrenareseverely___________.8.Thepilotwarnedhimthattheplanewas__________andwouldn’tfly.underweightoverloaded第52頁/共71頁VII.Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgiveninbrackets.1.Thetutor__________theinstructionssothatthechildrencouldunderstandthem.(simple)simplified2.Ohno,thelightshavegoneoutagain!Thistimewe’dbettercallthe_________.(electric)electrician第53頁/共71頁4.LatesttestsontheQueenMother,who__________anhour-longthroatoperationonThursdaynight,hadprovedsatisfactory,saidaspokesmanforAberdeenRoyalInfirmary.(go)underwent3.Sincethe11Septemberattack,manypeopleinthecountryhavebeenpessimisticabouttheprospectsofeconomic________withinafewyears.(recover)recovery第54頁/共71頁6.Usearedpencilto_________allthefoodsormealsyouthinkarenotsogoodforyouandshouldberestricted.(line)underline5.Hislifestoryisrecounted(復(fù)述)intwofascinatingvolumesofhis_____________.(biography傳記)autobiography第55頁/共71頁8.Pleasedonot__________ifyourchildgetsintotroubleatschool.(react)over-react7.Apolicehelicopterhadevacuated(撤離)peoplefromtheroofofthenorthtowerinFebruary1993,aftera________bombexplodedinthebasement.(terror)terrorist第56頁/共71頁Themoreopenlyyouandyourdoctorcantalktogether,thebettertheserviceyourdoctorwillbeabletogiveyou.VIII.Weoftenuse“the...the...”withthecomparativetosaythattwochangeshappentogether.Combinethefollowingsentenceswith“the...the...”.1.Youandyourdoctorcantalktogethermoreopenly.Yourdoctorwillbeabletogiveyouthebetterservice.(themore...thebetter...)第57頁/共71頁Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thesmallerwillbethecountry’srecordedexports.

ThemoreReneeHenrylearntaboutthetherapy,themoreshebecameconvincedthatitwasrightforher.

2.ReneeHenrylearntaboutthetherapythemore.Shebecamemoreconvincedthatitwasrightforher.(themore...themore...)3.Anation’scompanieslocatemorefactoriesabroad.Thecountry’srecordedexportswillbesmaller.(themore...thesmaller...)第58頁/共71頁Rememberthatthelessprocessedafood,thehigheritsmineralandvitamincontent.

Thelessexerciseyoudo,themoreunfityouwillbecome,andthehardereverydaytaskswillseem.

5.Rememberthatifafoodislessprocessed,itsmineralandvitamincontentishigh.(theless...thehigher...)

4.Youdolessexercise.Youwillbecomemoreunfit.Everydaytaskswillseemhardtoyou.(theless...themore...theharder...)

第59頁/共71頁IX.Translatepartofthesentencesusing“may/mightaswell”.“May/mightaswell”isusedtosaythatweshoulddosomethingbecausethereisnothingbetter,moreinteresting,moreuseful,etc.todo.1.Myfatheralwaysgetsinformationfromthelocallibrary.__________________________________________________________________.（你不妨去那兒看看有沒有你需要的資料）Youmightaswellgotheretoseewhetherthereistheinformationyouneed第60頁/共71頁3.Theyaremissingyouverymuch.______________________________________________________.（你不妨打電話告訴他們你要去看望他們）Youmayaswellringandtellthemyou’regoingtovisitthem2.Whileyoulivealone,youcandoasyoulike.____________________________.（我們不妨稱之為自由吧）Wemightaswellcallitfreedom第61頁/共71頁5.Thispassageistoodifficultforustoread.____________________________________________.（我們不妨找一篇容易一些的讀吧）Wemight/mayaswellfindaneasieronetoread4.It’snogoodwaitingforthebus.________________________