2002年6月全國大學英語四級考試真題和答案PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.Inthewaitingroom.Attheairport.Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)“Attheoffice”isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Hisfather.Hismother.Hisbrother.Hissister.A)Ajobopportunity.Apositionasgeneralmanager.Abigtravelagency.Aninexperiencedsalesman.A)Havingabreak.Continuingthemeeting.Movingontothenextitem.Waitingalittlelonger.A)Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbefine.Theweatherdoesn'tcountintheirplan.Theywillnotdoasplannedincaseofrain.Theywillpostponetheirprogramifitrains.A)Hewishestohavemorecourseslikeit.Hefindsithardtofollowtheteacher.Hewishestheteacherwouldtalkmore.Hedoesn'tliketheteacher'saccent.A)Goonwiththegame.Drawpicturesonthecomputer.Reviewhislessons.Haveagoodrest.A)ShedoesnotagreewithJack.Jack'sperformanceisdisappointing.Mostpeoplewillfindbasketballboring.ShesharesJack'sopinion.A)Themanwenttoawrongcheck-incounter.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.Theplanewillleaveat9:14.Theplane'sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.A)Atanewsstand.Atacardealer's.Atapublishinghouse.Atanewspaperoffice.A)Hewantstogetanewposition.Heisaskingthewomanforhelp.Hehasleftthewomanagoodimpression.Heenjoysletterwriting.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyareinterestedinotherkindsofreading.Theyareactiveinvoluntaryservices.Theytendtobelowineducationandinincome.Theyliveinisolatedareas.A)Thereasonswhy-peopledon'treadnewspapersaremorecomplicatedthanassumed.Therearemoreuneducatedpeopleamongthewealthythanoriginallyexpected.Thenumberofnewspaperreadersissteadilyincreasing.Therearemorenonreadersamongyoungpeoplenowadays.A)Loweringthepricesoftheirnewspapers.Shorteningtheirnewsstories.Addingvarietytotheirnewspapercontent.Includingmoreadvertisementsintheirnewspapers.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Abasket.Acup.Aegg.Anoven.A)Toletinthesunshine.Toserveasitsdoor.Tokeepthenestcool.Forthebirdtolayeggs.A)Branches.Grasses.Mud.Straw.A)Somearebuiltunderground.Somecanbeeaten.Mostaresewedwithgrasses.Mostaredriedbythesun.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ToexaminethechemicalelementsintheIceAge.Tolookintothepatternofsolarwindactivity.Toanalyzethecompositionofdifferenttrees.Tofindouttheoriginofcarbon-14onEarth.A)Thelifecycleoftrees.Thenumberoftrees.Theintensityofsolarburning.Thequalityofair.A)Itaffectsthegrowthoftrees.IthasbeenincreasingsincetheIceAge.Itisdeterminedbythechemicalsintheair.Itfollowsacertaincycle.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women'smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(處方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe'reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmetalstrain.21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe'smedicalresearchtellsus.thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestresswhatshouldbedonetoavoidstresswhatkindofeventwouldcausestresshowtocopewithsuddenchangesinlifeThestudiesonstressintheearly1970'sledto.widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsgreatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcauseC)anintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnessesD)popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs23.ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows.A)howmuchpressureyouareunderhowpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifehowstressfulamajoreventcanbehowyoucandealwithlife-changingeventsWhyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome.nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesphysicallyandmentallystrainedmorecapableofcopingwithadversityindifferenttowardwhathappenstothemPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroo-arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You'resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven'tencodeditdeeply.”Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon'tpayattentiontowhatyoudibecauseyou'reinvolvedinaconversation,you'llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyouwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn'tfailingyou,”saysSchacter.“Rather,youdidn'tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcuescanhelppreventabsentmindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedication(藥物)withlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable一don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou'rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou'lllikelyremember.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyisveryimportant?A)Ithelpsusunderstandourmemorysystembetter.Itenablesustorecallsomethingformourmemory.Itexpandsourmemorycapacityconsiderably.Itslowsdowntheprocessoflosingourmemory.Onepossiblereasonwhywomenhavebettermemoriesthanmenisthat.theyhaveawiderrangeofintereststheyaremorereliantontheenvironmenttheyhaveanunusualpoweroffocusingtheirattentiontheyaremoreinterestedinwhat'shappeningaroundthemAnoteinthepocketcanhardlyserveasareminderbecause.itwilleasilygetlostit'snotclearenoughforyoutoreadit'soutofyoursightitmightgetmixedupwithotherthings29.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?Ifwefocusourattentionononething,wemightforgetanother.Memorydependstoacertainextentontheenvironment.Repetitionhelpsimproveourmemory.Ifwekeepforgettingthings,we'dbetterreturntowherewewere.30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Theprocessofgradualmemoryloss.Thecausesofabsent-mindedness.Theimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.Awayifencodingandrecalling.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itishardtotrackthebluewhale,theocean'slargestcreature,whichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingandisnowlistedasanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficult,andvisualsightingsaretoounreliabletogiverealinsightintoitsbehavior.Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhen,withthehelpoftheNavy,theywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43days,monitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy'sformerlytop-secretsystemofunderwaterlisteningdevicesspanningtheoceans.TrackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilianscientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythattheyhadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-seavolcaniceruption爆發)forthefirsttimeandthattheyplansimilarstudies.Otherscientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfortrackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobaltemperatures.Thespeedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond—slowerthanthroughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatismostimportant,differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope聽診器)doeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient'schesttoadoctor'sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheocean,especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.Thepassageischieflyabout.anefforttoprotectanendangeredmarinespeciesthecivilianuseofamilitarydetectionsystemtheexposureofaU.S.Navytop-secretweaponanewwaytolookintothebehaviorofbluewhalesTheunderwaterlisteningsystemwasoriginallydesigned.A)totraceandlocateenemyvesselstomonitordeep-seavolcaniceruptionstostudythemovementofoceancurrentstoreplacetheglobalradiocommunicationsnetwork33.Thedeep-sealisteningsystemmakesuseof.A)thesophisticatedtechnologyoffocusingsoundsunderwaterB)thecapabilityofsoundtotravelathighspeedC)theuniquepropertyoflayersofoceanwaterintransmittingsoundD)low-frequencysoundstravelingacrossdifferentlayersofwater34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.newradiodevicesshouldbedevelopedfortrackingtheendangeredbluewhalesbluewhalesarenolongerendangeredwiththeuseofthenewlisteningsystemopinionsdifferastowhethercivilianscientistsshouldbeallowedtousemilitarytechnologymilitarytechnologyhasgreatpotentialincivilianuseWhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheU.S.Navyunderwaterlisteningnetwork?Itisnowpartlyaccessibletocivilianscientists.Ithasbeenreplacedbyamoreadvancedsystem.Itbecameuselesstothemilitaryafterthecoldwar.Itisindispensableinprotectingendangeredspecies.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise(有氧操).Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalize(獲利)onthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyformtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.Theword“spas”(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto.sportsactivitiesplacesforphysicalexerciserecreationcentersathletictrainingprogramsEarlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor.thepromotionofaerobicexerciseenduranceandmusculardevelopmenttheimprovementofwomen'sfiguresbetterperformanceinaerobicdancingWhatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?Positive.Indifferent.Negative.Cautious.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout.howelltheycoulddoinathleticswhattheirhealthconditionwaslikewhatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthemwhethertheywerefitforaerobicexerciseRecentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining.hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople'slifemaywellaffectthehealthofthetraineeswillattractmorepeopleinthedaystocomecontributestohealthimprovementaswellPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare3.0.incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youwouldbearisktoletyourchildgotoschoolbyhimself.omittingattachingaffordingrunningHeisalwayshere;it'syou’venevermethim.uniquestrangerarepeculiarTherehasbeenagreatincreaseinretailsales,?doesthereisn'ttherehasn'tthereisn'titWe'dliketoatableforfivefordinnerthisevening.preserveretainreservesustainAlthoughateenager,Fredcouldresistwhattodoandwhatnottodo.beingtoldtellingtobetoldtotellTheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothavesuppliesofficientefficientpotentialsufficientInfact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFranciscothaninNewYork.tostaystayedstayinghavingstayedHesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable.abilityfuturepossibilityopportunityBritainahsthehighestofroadtrafficinthewor-over60carsforeverymileofroad.popularitydensityintensityprosperityHowisityourroommate'srequestandyoursareidentical?ifsowhatthatInmyopinion,he'sthemostimaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.inallatbestforallbyfarHedidn'thavetimetoreadthereportwordforword:hejustit.skimmedobservedoverlookedglancedTheleaderoftheexpeditioneveryonetofollowhismotedreinforcedsparkedinspiredWhatalovelyparty!It'sworthallmylife.rememberingtoremembertoberememberedbeingrememberedWhowouldyouratherwithyou,Georgeorme?goingtogohavegonewentThegoalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlybetweenresearchersandensiveconcisejointoverallTheownerandeditorofthenewspapertheconference.wereattendingweretoattendistoattendaretoattendWeleftthemeeting,thereobviouslynopointinstaying.werebeingtobehavingTheirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedandinquality.influentialinferiorsuperiorsubordinateTheneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthatlot.validvacantvainvagueThesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;nowislefttothemisutterpoverty.allthatallwhatallwhichthatallToour,Geoffrey'sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.anxietyreliefviewjudgmentManypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisaofpurity.symbolsignsignalsymptomTheresidents,hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.alloftheirhomesalltheirhomeswhoseallhomesallofwhosehomesThisresearchhasattractedwidecoverageandhasfeaturedonBBCtelevision'sTomorrow'sWorld.messageinformationmediadataIwouldneverhaveacourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.soughtforaccountedforturnedupresortedtoInvestigatorsagreedthatpassengersontheairlinerattheverymomentofthecrash.shouldhavediedmustbedyingmusthavediedoughttodieTheenergybythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.A)transferredreleaseddeliveredconveyedtheirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofthought.TohavereviewedHavingreviewedReviewingBeingreviewedDuringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthesilkfromdamage.sensitivetenderdelicatesensiblePartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassage-withfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).Asresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyareincreasinglysurprisedbythepowerofparents.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome.Tobeginwith,allthefactorswhicharepartofintelligence—thechild'sunderstandingoflanguage,learningpatterns,curiosity—areestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatevenafterschoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanbyteachers.Thisisparticularlytrueaboutlearningthatislanguage-related.Theschoolratherthanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience.Inviewoftheirpower,it'ssadtoseesomanyparentsnotmakingthemostoftheirchild'sintelligence.Untilrecentlyparentshadbeenwarnedbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducatetheirchildren.Manyteachersnowrealizethatchildrencannotbeeducatedonlyatschoolandparentsarebeingaskedtocontributebothbeforeandafterthechildentersschool.Parentshavebeenparticularlyafraidtoteachreadingathome.Ofcourse,childrenshouldn'tbepushedtoreadbytheirparents,buteducatorshavediscoveredthatreadingisbesttaughtindividually—andtheeasiestplacetodothisisathome.Manyfour-andfive-year-oldswhohavebeenshownafewlettersandtaughttheirsoundswillcomposesinglewordsoftheirownwiththemevenbeforetheyhavebeentaughttoread.Questions:（注意：答題盡量簡短，超過10個詞要扣分。每條橫線限寫一個英語單詞，標點符號不占格）Whathaveresearchersfoundoutabouttheinfluenceofparentsandtheschoolonchildren'sintelligence?Whatdoresearchersconcludeaboutchildren'slearningpatterns?S3.Inwhichareamayschoolplayamoreimportantrole?Whydidmanyparentsfailtomakethemostoftheirchildren'sintelligence?TheauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthatparentsshouldbeencouragedtoPartVWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:.上圖所示為1990年、1995年、2002年某校大學生使用計算機的情況，請描述其變化；.請說明發生這些變化的原因（可從計算機的用途、價格或社會發展等方面加以說明）；.你認為目前大學生在計算機使用中有什么困難或問題。StudentUseofComputers答案PartI1.D2.A3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.A11.C12.D13.C14.B15.B16.C17.A18.A19.C20.D21.C22.A23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.D35.A36.B37.B38.C39.A40.DTOC\o"1-5"\h\zD 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. AD 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. DD 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. DD 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. CA 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. CD 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. CParentshavegreaterinfluencethantheschool./Parent'sinfluenceisgreaterthantheschool's.Theyareestablishedwellbeforetheageofsix.Sciencesubjects.Theyweretoldbyeducatorsnottoeducatetheirchildren.teachreadingathome.2002年6月四級聽力原文W:Isupposeyou'veboughtsomegiftsforyourfamily.M:Well,I'veboughtashirtformyfatherandtwobooksformysister.ButIhaven'tdecidedwhattobuyformymotherprobablysomejewels.Q:Whodidthemanbuythebooksfor?W:Look,itsaystheywantajuniorsalesmanageranditseemslikeit'sabigcompany.That'llbegoodforyoumighthavetotravelalot.M:Dotheysayanythingabouttheexperience?Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?W:Ithinkwe'vecoveredeverything.Whataboutacupofcoffeebeforewemoveontothenextitem?M:Goodidea.Ireallycan'twaitanotherminute.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?W:Butwhathappensifitrains.Whatarewegoingtodothen?M:We'llhavetocountongoodweather.Butifitdoesrainthewholethingwillhavetobecanceled.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?W:Youtookanoptionalcoursethissemesterdidn'tyou?Howisitgoing?M:Terrible.ItseemslikethemoretheprofessortalksthelessIunderstand.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthecourse?W:Markisplayingcomputergames.M:Shouldhedothatwhenthefinalexamisdrawingnear?Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkMarkshoulddo?M:Jackseemstothinkthisyear'sbasketballseasonwillbedisappointing.W:That'shisopinion.Mostothersthinkdifferently.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?M:Isthisthecheck-incounterforFlight914toLosAngeles?M:Yes,butI'msorrytheflightisdelayedbecauseofaminormechanicalproblem.Pleasewaitforfurthernotice.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?M:Excuseme.I'dliketoplaceanadvertisementforausedcarinthisSundayeditionofyourpaper.W:Ok,butyouhavetorunyouradvertisementallweek.Wecan'tquoteratesforjustSunday.Q:Whereistheconversationmostprobablytakingplace?10.M:Ispendsomuchtimepolishingmyletterapplication.W:It'sworthwhiletomaketheeffort.Youknowjusthowimportantitistogiveimpression.Q:Whatdoweknowabouttheman?PassageOneNoteverybodyreadsthedailynewspaper.Peoplewhodon'treadnewspaperaresometimesreferredtoasnon-readers.Earlyresearchhasshownthatthenon-readersaregenerallylowineducationlowinincomeeitherveryyoungorveryold.Inadditionnon-readersaremorelikelytoliveinruralareasandhavelesscontactwithneighboursandfriends.Otherstudiesshowthatnon-readerstendtoisolatethemselvesfromthecommunityandlesslikelytoownahomeandseldombelongtolocalvoluntaryorganizationsWhydon'tthesepeoplereaddailypaper?Theysaytheydon'thavethetimetheypreferradioorTVtheyhavenointerestinreadingataleandbesidestheythinknewspapersaretooexpensive.Recentsurveyshowever,haveindicatedtheportraitofthenon-readerismorecomplicatedthanfirstthought.Thereappearstobeagroupofnon-readersthatdonotfitthetypementionedabove.Theyarehighinincomeandfallintotheagegroupof26to65.Theyarefarmovelikelytoreportthattheydon'thavethetimetoreadthepapersandtheyhavenointerestinthecontent.Editorsandpublishersareattemptingtowinthemback.Firsttheyarealsoaddingnewsbriefsandcomprehensiveindexes.Thiswillhelpovercomethetimeproblem.Andtheyarealsogivingvarietytonewspapercontenttohelpbuildthereader'sinterest.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Whatistypicalofnon-readersaccordingtoearlyresearch?12.Whatarethefindsofrecentsurveys?Whatareeditorsandpublishersdoingtoattractthenon-readers?PassageTwoDidyouknowthatthere'sakindofbirdthatcansew?Thiscalledt