2020年上海高考英語二模-虹口區高三英語試卷2020.4高三英語試卷2020.4考生注意：.考試時間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。.本考試設試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或寫（非選擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。.答題前，務必在答題紙上填寫準考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Toaskforleave.C.Tomakeanapology.A.He,A.Toaskforleave.C.Tomakeanapology.A.He,llcomeoverandmakeaphonecall.C.He,llmakeanadvertisement.A.Thehandlecan,tbereplaced.C.Thesuitcaseisnotworthfixing.A.Worthwhile.B.Meaningful.A.Theyarebothtoblame.C.Theyusedtobegoodfriends.A.ThemancanreadinB.Tocancelaflight.D.Toputoffameeting.B.He,llgoforajobinterview.D.He,llfindthepositioninthenewspaper.There'snohandleforthesuitcase.D.Thesuitcasecanbefixedintime.Incredible. D.Exciting.B.Theyaredifficulttoplease.Theycanmanagetogetalong.thelibrarywithoutalibrarycard.Themanhastoleavebeforehegetsalibrarycard.Thewomanwilllendthemanherlibrarycard.Alibrarycardisamustforeveryonethere.A.HewillgiveuplearningFrenchgrammar.HefindsitdifficulttolearnFrenchgrammar.LearningFrenchisaseasyaslearningEnglish.HefeelslearningFrenchdifficultbutrewarding.A.Bothofthemwillwatchthegametogether.Thewomanfeelsluckytohavegotaticket.Themancangettheticketatitsoriginalprice.Thewomandoesn,tlikewatchingthegameonTV.A.Thewomanwillmakethelinesshorter.Themanhopestochangehisroleintheplay.Themanlacksself-confidenceinplayingthepart.Thewomanwilltrytohelpthemanrememberthelines.高三英語本卷共11頁第1頁A.Artificiallightingwilldoharmtopeople.Themanshouldspendmoretimeoutdoors.Peopleworklongerhourswithartificiallighting.Workinglongmakespeopleconfusedaywithnight.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Someworkerstalktothebossdirectly.Workersinallcompaniesgetafixedpayriseeveryyear.Allworkersgetapayriseorabonusforachievingagoal.Partoftheworkersgetapayincreaseasarewardfortheireffort.A.Itisacommonpractice.Ifyoudon,task,youdon,tget.Itshowsyourloyaltytothecompany.Whatyouexpectstandsfortheboss,ambition.A.TalkingtoyourHumanResourcesdepartment.Askingforflexibleworkinghours.Offeringmorereasonsforit.Negotiatinganothersum.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Bothpolarregionsarefloatingonarocksurface.Bothpolarregionsaresurroundedbyfreshwaterice.TheconditionsintheAntarcticarebetterthanthatofArctic.TherearemoremarinespeciesintheArcticthanintheAntarctic.A.Plants. B.Land. C.Temperature. D.Water.A.Therearemoresimilaritiesthandifferencesinbothpolarregions.TheArcticandAntarcticaregeologicallyandbiologicallydifferent.BoththeArcticandAntarcticarenotsuitableforanimalstosurvive.Thedifferenceofbothpolarregionsleadstothediversityonourplanet.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.A.Heismostlikelytohavetragicillnessandtakerisks.Hewillprobablyfeeldiscouragedandruinhislife.Hewillnolongeradapttodifficultjobsituations.Hewillneverachievegreatsuccessinwork.高三英語本卷共11頁第2頁A.Hopeisthesensethateverythinghasapowerfulsign.Hopeisameasurableadvantageinvariousaspectsoflife.Hopeiswhatsetsintelligenceandacademicachievementsapart.Differentlevelsofhopecanindicatepeople,sfuturesuccessorfailure.A.Becausetheyhavegreaterambitionstostrivefor.Becausetheyareusuallywithhigherintelligence.Becausetheyhavebiggeracademicachievements.Becausetheyhavebettergradepointsinhighschool.A.Believetheyhavethewillandknowhowtoachievetheirgoals.Resettheirgoalsaccordingtotheirperformances.Believeeverythingwillturnoutallright.Measuretheirhopelevelsfrequently.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HowCanYouLookYourBestinPhotos?Haveyoueverseenapictureofyourselfandfeltembarrassedbywhatyousaw?Actually,it,sreallyall(21)(tie)tohowwerespondtothecamera.Withthefollowingtips,you,resuretolookyourbest.No.1StudyPhotosofYourselfThefirststepissimple:learnfromthepast.Youneedtoknowhowyoulookinphotosbeforeyoucanimprove.Gathersomeoldpicturestogether,(22)theymakeyouashamedalittle.Nowlookoverhowyourbodyisplacedinthepicturesandthinkforawhile.(23)(analyze)alltheseoldphotos,youcanfindafewnaturalposesyoucanuseinthefuture.No.2PracticeinFrontofaMirrorNowthatwhatworksforyouinphotos(24)(figure)out,startusingwhatyou,velearnedfromyouroldpictures,practicinginfrontofthemirror.Workonyourfavoritesandyou,llbeabletomentallypickoutaposeinthefuture一(25)amirror.Onethingthatgoesgreatwithaniceposeisamatchingsmile,sotryoutseveralsmilesuntilyoufindonethatfits.Youshouldconsider(26)aclosedoranopen-mouthedsmilelooksbetter.No.3Say“Money”We'reusedtosaying“Cheese,“butthisonlycreatesafakesmile.Abandonthecheeseandtryouttheword“Money”instead.Theending'ey,istheverysound(27)forcesthecornersofyourmouthupwardandcreatesafoldaroundyoureyes.Theresultisamorenatural,realisticsmile.Anothergreattricktopreventatoo-widesmile(28)(happen)isplacingyourtongueonthebackofyourfrontteeth.No.4ChoosetheRightLightingGettingsomesunnyphotosonabrightdaymakesyoulookgoodinpictures.Butinreality,thesuncanoftencreateunpleasantshadowsthatare(29)butattractive.高三英語本卷共11頁第3頁Standingrightunderanindoorlightwillhavethesameeffectasthesun,whichisalsoworthy(30)(mention),sotryasourceofnaturallightinstead,suchasawindow.Andifyouknowanyothertips,sharethemwithus!SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.highlightsB.scaleC.behavioralD.professionalE.anxietyF.scoringG.respectivelyH.exhibitsI.preventiveJ.monitoringK.mindfullyAnEffectiveApproachtoDepressiveDisorderNoonecanbehappyandcheerfulforever.Soit’simportanttheyseeamental-health_31—whocanprovideeffectiveoptionsfortreatmentwhensomeonehasclinicaldepressionknownasthestateoffeelingverysad,anxiousandwithouthope.Butthere,salsoaconditionknownassubthresholddepressioninwhichsomeone_32—somesymptomsofdepressivedisorder,butnotenoughforaclinicaldiagnosis.It,sestimatedthatbetween10%and24%ofthepopulationhasthiskindofmilddepressionatsomepointintheirlives.Andforthosepeople,anewstudysuggeststhatpracticingthinking_33—insilencemayhelpimprovetheirmoodandreducetheirriskofdevelopingdepression.Thestudy,publishedintheAnnalsofFamilyMedicine,—34—yetanotherreasonwhydeepthinkingmaybegoodforbothphysicalandmentalhealth.Thestudyincluded231Chineseadultswithsubthresholddepression,meaningtheir_35—betweenfiveandnineoutofatotalof27pointsonastandarddepression_36—.Halfreceivedmindfulnesstrainingtwohoursaweekforeightweeks,whiletheotherhalfcontinuedtoreceivetheirusualmedicalcare.Duringthemindfulnesstraining,participantswereinstructedonsettingshort-andlong-termgoals;—37—theiractivityandmood;planningouttheiractivities;andbodyscanning.Theywereaskedtopracticethemathomeatleastsixdaysaweek.Thesetechniquescombinetraditionaldeepthinkingwith_38—activation,atypeoftherapythatusesan“outsidein”approachtohelppeoplechangethewaytheyactandaimstoincreaserewardingexperiencesintheirlives.Ithasbeenshowntobeeffectiveformoderatetoseveredepressioninotherstudies,andtheresearcherswantedtoknowifitwouldworkasa_39—measureaswell.Attheendofthoseeightweeks,thegroupthatreceivedmindfulnesstrainingreportedasignificantdecreaseindepressionand_40—symptomscomparedtothegroupthatdidnot.Andnoparticipantshaddevelopedclinicaldepression.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Foryears,lifewentsomethinglikethis:We,dgrowupinoneplace,headofftocollege,thenfindacitytoliveinforafewyearstopursueajoborhighereducation.Theendgoalwastofindsomewhereto高三英語本卷共11頁第4頁

—41—forthelongtrip,buyahouse,makeafewfriends,startafamily,andbeginthewhole_42—alloveragain.Butanewmodelforlivingisemerging:Somepeopleareincreasinglychoosingtomovefromcitytocitythroughouttheirentirelives,sometimesas_43—aseverymonth.JustaskAlexChatzielefteriou,whohashadafront-rowseatwatchingthisevolution_44—andbelievesinthehugeimpactitismakingorwillmakeontheindustryconcerned.Sixyearsago,he_45—astartupwhichisnowcalledBluegroundthatrentsoutbeautifully-designed,—46—apartmentsforamonthatatime,atratesthatarecheaperthanhotels.Today,thecompanyhas3,000—47—insixU.S.cities,alongwithDubai,Istanbul,London,Paris,andAlex,snativeAthens,andastaffof400.Thecompanyjust_48—$50millioninSeriesBfunding,bringingitstotalinvestmentto$78million,tocontinueitsrapid_49—.Ithopestohave50,000estatesin50citiesoverthenextthreeyears,andthegoalistomakeeachonefeeluniqueandcomfortable,ratherthan_50—,likewhatyoumightfindinatraditionalhotel.AlexfirstcameupwiththeideaforBluegroundwhilehewasworkingasamanagementconsultantforMcKinsey.“The_51—ofchoiceforconsultantsisthehotel,”hesays.“Ihadtospendfiveyearsinahotelroom,—52—intwelvedifferentcities.Ilovedseeingtheworld,butIdidn,tlovefeelinglikeIdidn'thaveahome.”Ashespoketohisfriendsandcoworkers,herealizedthatmanypeopleburiedthemselvesin—53—duetothisdriftinglifestylethatmeantlivingoutofasuitcaseinthesamefewnon-descripthotelchainsthatallbegantomixtogetherratherthaninthe“home”fUlloftheirownmemories.—54—,Alexfoundthathotelsaren,taparticularlycost-effectivesolutionforcompanies,either.—55—,McKinseysometimespaid$10,000ormoreforhimtostayinamajorcityforamonth,whichwasfarmoreexpensivethanlocalrents.Isthisnewlivingmodelsomethingthatwillreallytakeoff?Orisitjustanotherflashinthepan?Let'swaitandsee.41.A.moveoutB.settledownC.lookaroundD.showup42.A.styleB.rhythmC.cycleD.trend43.A.rarelyB.frequentlyC.occasionallyD.unusually44.A.unfoldB.recoverC.improveD.shrink45.A.completedB.involvedC.launchedD.overtook46.A.fully-furnishedB.poorly-equippedC.ideally-suitedD.newly-decorated47.A.landmarksB.vacanciesC.propertiesD.terminals48.A.depositedB.reservedC.owedD.obtained49.A.distributionB.expansionC.combinationD.stimulation50.A.casualB.specialC.normalD.irregular51.A.attendanceB.residenceC.destinationD.accommodation52.A.wanderingB.touringC.observingD.exploring53.A.threatB.guiltC.dangerD.frustration54.A.MoreoverB.NeverthelessC.BrieflyD.Consequently55.A.InasenseB.InhiscaseC.OnthesceneD.Onthisoccasion高三英語本卷共11頁第5頁SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)We,veallheardthestoriesofanactor,sstrugglesbeforeacareerbreakthrough:livingahardlife,workingparttime,beingacouchpotatobeforegettingthatmajorrole.Shelby,thestarof“ADog,sWayHome,”hasahard-lucktalethatcouldtopthemall.Beforeherbigbreak,shewaslivinginalandfill,rootingthroughgarbageforhernextmeal.Shelby,sbigbreakcameinApril2017,whenanimal-controlofficerMeganBuhlerwasdrivinginCheathamCounty,Tennessee.Outonanunrelatedcall,Buhlerspottedandapproachedwhatsherecalledwasanoticeablyscaredpuppyemergingfromthedump.“Ikneltdownandjustsaid,‘Oh,comehere,baby,,”saidBuhler.“Shewassoscared,butshecamerightuptome,andIwasabletoputherinmytruck.”Thepairheadedtothecountyanimalshelter,wherethestaffbegancallingthenewresidentBabyGirl.Buhlerandothersdidn'tknowthat3,200kilometersaway,HollywoodwaslookingforadogtoplayBellainafilmwrittenbyCathrynMichon.Thefind-a-BellajobwenttofreelancetrainerTeresaAnnMiller.HermissionwastosearchsheltersnationwideforadogthatcouldplayBella.Oneday,MillerspottedBabyGirl,sadoptionphoto.“Honestly,itwasareallygoodpicture,andshewasflat-outsmiling,”Millersaid.ThenshemetBabyGirl,andassessedheronpersonalityandtheabilitytorespondtosimplecommands.Afterassessment,sheadoptedBabyGirlfromtheshelter,renamedherShelbyandtookhertoCaliforniafortraining.MillerandShelbytrainedforjustoverthreemonthsbeforefilmingbegan.Thentheyweretogethereachdayontheset.Mostofthefilm7sreviewshavepraisedShelby,sperformance.Varietymadethecomments“anamazingdog,perfectperformance!”Shelbyhascomealongwayfromthedump.ButBuhlersaidshesawShelbyrecentlyandneededonlyasecondtocomparethemoviestarwiththedogshefoundfrompilesoftrash.“She,sexactlythesame,”Buhlersaid.Whydoestheauthormentionanactor,sstrugglebeforeacareerbreakthroughattheverybeginning?Tomakeasharpcontrastbetweenanactor,sstruggleandadog,sstruggle.Tointroduceadog,ssimilarbutevenmorestrikingexperiences.Toattractreaders,attentionbygivingdramaticexamples.Toclearlypointoutthemainideaofthepassage.WhatfinallyhelpedBabyGirlgetthebigroleinthefilm?A.Heradoptionpicture. B.Herflat-outsmiling.C.Herpersonalityandability. D.Hermiserableexperiences.Bysaying“She,sisexactlythesame”inthelastparagraph,Buhlerprobablymeans.thedogreturnedtothepilesoftrashwhereshefounditittookquitealotoftroubleforthedogtochangeherownfateshe,sreallyexcitedtoseethedogshehelpedlivesuchahappylifethedramaticchangeofthedog,slifehasn,tchangedherinnerquality高三英語本卷共11頁第6頁Whatdoyouthinkmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheSuccessof“ADog'sWayHome”. B.FromaLandfillPuppytoaMovieStar.C.TheTrainerandHerStarDog. D.Shelby,sHard-luckStory.(B)TipsforTakingOnlineClassesIfyou,reconsideringtakingonlinecollegecourses,thetipsandadvicebelowcanhelpyouaddresstheiruniquechallengestogetthemostvalueoutofyouronlineprogram.HoldyourselfaccountableWithoutprofessorsactivelyremindingyou,it,suptoyoutomakesureyou,vesetasideenoughtimetocompleteassignedwork.Ifyou,rehavingtroubleholdingyourselfaccountable,pairupwithafellowclassmate.Bybeingorganizedandself-aware,youcangetthemostfromyouronlineclass.Practicetimemanagement.Theflexibilitytocreateyourownscheduleisoftenoneofthebiggestappealsoftakingonlineclasses.Butthatfreedomcanalsobedetrimentalifyoudonothavesolidtimemanagementskills.Withoutthem,youmightfindyourselfcrammingbeforeclassesorhandinginpoor-qualityassignments.Makenoteofmajorassignments.Markthemonacalendaryoucheckregularlysoyouknowwhatworkloadiscomingintheweeksahead.Createaweeklyschedulethatyoufollow,designatingcertainhourseachweektoreading,watchinglectures,completingassignments,studying,andparticipatinginforums.Whenworkingonyourassignments,trytime-blocking,distributingyourselfacertainamountoftimeforeachtaskbeforemovingontothenextoneandsettingatimertokeepyouaccountable.EliminatedistractionsRegardlessofwhereyouchoosetowork,considerturningyourcellphoneofftoavoidlosingfocuseverytimeatextmessageornotificationpopsup.Andifyou'restillhavingtroubleresistingthetemptationtocheckyouremailorsurftheweb,trydownloadingawebsiteblocker.UsingapplicationslikeColdTurkeyandFreedomcanhelpeliminatedistractionsbyblockingtheappsorwebsitesthattendtocompeteforyourattention,suchasFacebookandTwitter.Onlineclassesareanexcellentoptiontohelpyouearnthatdegreeyouneedtofulfillyourgoalssuchasjobpromotion.Thoughtheycomewiththeirownuniquechallenges,followingtheadviceabovecanhelpyoubesuccessfuleveninthemostchaoticoftimes.Whichofthefollowingwayskeepsyoufromholdingyourselfaccountable?Surfingwebsitesthatcompeteforyourattention.Writingdownschedulesregularlyonacalendar.Settingatimerforthetaskbeingcompleted.Findingaclassmateformutualsupervision.Howcanyoueliminatedistractionswhenhavingonlineclasses?A.Byignoringnotificationthatpopsup. B.Bydownloadingawebsiteblocker.C.Byavoidinglosingfocus. D.Bytryingtime-blocking.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.awebsiteblockerisusedforeffectivelyfilteringuselesswebsitesmakingnoteofassignmentshelpsyoufigureoutwhatworkloadcomesfirst高三英語本卷共11頁第7頁weeklyscheduleinvolvesdesignatingcertainhourstodifferentdailyroutinestimemanagementskillshelpyouoptimizetheflexibilitytocreateyourschedule(C)ThepoetLovelleDrachmanoncesaid,“blessedarethecurious,fortheyshallhaveadventures.”,whichiscertainlytrueofpeoplewithwanderlust.‘Wanderlust,isderivedfromaGermanwordmeaning‘aloveofhiking,andnowusedtodescribetheburningdesiretoescapetheeverydayandexploretheunfamiliar.Wanderlustisacommon,butnotuniversalexperience.Whatmakessomepeoplecatchthattravelbugwhileothersareapparentlyunaffected?Onetheoryistodowithourgenes.ScientificresearchhasidentifiedavariantoftheDRD4genethataffectssensitivitytodopamine(多巴胺)，theneuro-transmitteroftenreleasedinthebrainwhenwedosomethingweenjoy.Actually,it,snotthatthe7RvisionoftheDRD4specificallycreatesathirstfortravel,butpeoplewiththe7Rvariantarelesssensitivetothatdeliciousdopaminehit.Sosimplethingsthatbringotherpeoplepleasure,likeajogintheparkoracheekychocolatetreat,mightnotcutitforthem,whichmakesthosewiththe7RtypeoftheDRD4genemorelikelytoberisktakerstogetincreaseddopaminelevels.That,swhyDRD4-7Rhasbeencalledthewanderlustgene.Otherresearcheshavealsolinkedthesame7Rvarianttofarriskierbehaviours,suchasaddictionandoffensivebehaviour.Bycomparison,thestrongsuddendesiretogotravellingseemslikethebetterendoftheTheoryofEvolution.Butanothertheorylooksatthepsychologyoflivinginourinter-connectedhumansociety,oneinwhichweareconstantlyawareofwhatfriendsandsocialmediainfluencersaredoingandkeepcomparingourselvestothemintwodistinctways.Upwardssocialcomparisons,comparingourselvestothoseweseeasmoresuccessfulthanus.Anddownwardsocialcomparisons,comparingourselvestothoseweseeasworseoffthanus.Intheageofsocialmedia,it,sveryeasytocompareourselvesunfavourablywiththeidealizedversion.Howcanwecompetewithinfluencers,withtheirperfectlydarkbrownlegsonneatandcleanwhitesand,andtheironceinalifetimesunsetsoverMachuPicchu?Whetherthemotivationtoexploretheworldisgenetic,psychologicalorsomethingelse,therearefarmoreharmfulhobbiesthanthedesiretoexploretheworld.Venturingoutsideyourcomfortzone,tolearnaboutnewcultures,meetpeopleyoumightotherwiseneverhavehadthechancetomeet,andfinally,learnwhoyouareindifferentsituations.Soundslikealifewell-lived.AsthenovelistJackKerouacsaid,“Becauseintheend,youwon'trememberthetimeyouspentintheofficeormowingyourlawn.Climbthatgoddamnmountain.”Theunderlinedphrases“catchthattravelbug”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A.becrazyabouttravelling B.becuriousabouttravellingC.escapedailylifebytravelling D.experiencecommontravellingWhyarepeoplewiththe7RtypeoftheDRD4genemorelikelytohavewanderlust?Becausetheyaremorefascinatedbyrisksandunfamiliarthings.Becausethe7Rvariantcausethemtobelesssensitivetodopaminehit.Becausetheyhavecomparativelyhigherlevelofdopaminethanotherpeople.Becausethe7Rvariant,alsocalledwanderlustgene,helpscreateacravingfortravelling.高三英語本卷共11頁第8頁Theauthorwillprobablyagreetothestatementthat.awell-livedlifedoesn,tinvolveventuringoutsidecomfortablezonethe7Rvariantisinevitablylinkedwithsomemoreriskybehaviorsuchasaddictionpeopletendtoforgettheirdailyroutine,butadventuresreallyleavefootprintsintheirheartswhenpeoplecomparethemselveswithlesssuccessfulones,itmaygiverisetomixedfeelings66.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Wanderlustanditstwomaincategories.Alessharmfulhobbyandanalysisofitsdifferentcauses.Thedistinctionsbetweengenevariantsandsocialcomparisons.Physicalandpsychologicalreasonsforthedesiretoexploretheworld.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Therefore,manyteachershavebeenshiftingthefocusofactivityfromteachertolearners.Meanwhile,thosewhoareteacher-centeredshouldworktoengageandinvolvestudents.Inthetraditionalapproachtoteaching,mostclasstimeisspentwiththeteacherlecturingandthestudentswatchingandlistening.Thisapproachemphasizesavarietyofdifferenttypesofmethodsthatshifttheroleoftheinstructorsfromgiversofinformationtofacilitatorsofstudentlearning.Inductivemethodsincludeinquiry-basedlearning,case-basedinstruction,problem-basedlearning,discoverylearning,andjust-in-timeteaching.Thethinkingthatteachingiseitherteacher-centeredorlearner-centeredbreakstheinseparableconnectionandisharmfultobothstudentsandteachers.Instructor-centeredorLearner-centered?WhetherintheEastorWest,thechiefbusinessoftraditionaleducationistopasstothenextgenerationtheskills,facts,andstandardsofmoralandsocialconductthatadultsconsidertobenecessaryforthenextgeneration,smaterialandsocialsuccess.—67—Thestudentsworkindividuallyonassignments,andcooperationisdiscouraged.Theresultofthisemphasisonwhatinstructorsdoisthatstudentsmaybecomepassivelearnersanddonottakeresponsibilityfortheirownlearning.Educatorscallthistraditionalmethod“instructor-centeredteaching”.Incontrast,“learner-centeredteaching”occurswheninstructorsfocusonstudentlearning.Itisanapproachtoteachingthatisincreasinglybeingencouragedinhighereducation.—68—Thesemethodsincludeactivelearning,inwhichstudentssolveproblems,answerquestions,formulatequestionsoftheirown,discuss,explain,debate,orbrainstormduringclass;cooperativelearning,inwhichstudentsworkinteamsonproblemsandprojectsunderconditionsthatassurebothpositiveinterdependenceandindividualaccountability;andinductive（歸納法）teachingandlearning,inwhichstudentsarefirstpresentedwithchallengesandlearnthecoursematerialinthecontextofaddressingthechallenges.Althoughlearner-centeredmethodshaverepeatedlybeenshowntobesuperiortothetraditionalteacher-centeredapproachtoinstruction,thebestteaching,accordingtoParkerPalmer,theauthorofTheCouragetoTeach,isnotoneortheother,butacombinationofboth.—69—高三英語本卷共11頁第9頁Learner-centeredteachersstillneedtolecturebecauseteachersarethedefinitivecontentexpertsintheclassroomandtheknowledgeandexperiencesofteacherscanbeextremelyhelpfultostudents.—70—Theymustrecognizethatstudentscanlearnfromeachotherandthatthedeepestlearninghappenswhenstudentshavetheopportunitytopracticeandobtainfeedback.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Coco-Cola,sInnovativeSolutiontoPlasticPollutionPlasticpollutionhasbecomeoneofthemostpressingproblemsofthe21stCenturywithplasticwastealmosteverywhere.Itisestimatedthatjustin2016,theworldproducedover320milliontonsofplastic,andthisnumberissettodoubleby2034.Plasticwasteevenmakesitswayintoouroceanswith8millionpiecesofplasticpollutionperdaypollutingourwatersanddestroyingthehabitatforhundredsofspecies.Itisnowbelievedthattheremaybearound5.25trillionpiecesofplasticintheoceanweighingintotalupto269,000tons.It,sbeencrystalclearforalongtimethatthesituationishorribleandsomethingneedstobedone,andfast.Luckily,Coca-Colasteppeduptothechallengeandcameupwithoneinnovativeandrathereffectivesolution.ThefirmisreplacingitsplasticwrappinginEuropewithanewpaperboardtechnology.ThisnewtechiscalledtheKeelClipanditisafirstforthenon-alcoholready-to-drink(NARTD)industry.UsingKeelClips,Coca-ColaaimstoremoveallplasticwrapfromitscanmultipacksinallEuropeanUnionmarketsbytheendof2021.The