AmericanIndiansarethenativepeopleintheUnitedStates.TheybelongtomorethanfivehundredIndiantribes部落.Manytribemembersliveonreservations.TheseareareasthattheUnitedStatesgovernmentsetupfornativetribesthathadlosttheirlandstoEuropeansettlers.SomereservationsarelargerthanAmericanstates.TheBureauofIndianAffairssupervisestheseterritories.Tribesonreservationshavelimitedself-rule.Generally，AmericanIndiansdonotenjoythesameeconomicandeducationalsuccessasotherAmericans.TheyearnlessmoneyandhavemoreunemploymentthanotherAmericans.TheyalsohavehigherratesofdiseaseanddieyoungerthanotherAmericangroups.However，theAmericanIndianeconomyhasgrownatthreetimesthenationalratesincethe1980s.SomeoftheimprovementhascomefromexpansionoftheAmericanIndiangamblingindustry.ManyIndiantribeshavelegalizedgamblingontheirreservations.

Section_ⅠWarmingUp&Reading—Pre-reading[原文呈現]CALIFORNIACaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargestpopulation①.Italsohasthedistinction②ofbeingthemostmulticultural③stateintheUSA,havingattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld④.Thecustomsandlanguagesoftheimmigrants⑤liveon⑥intheirnewhome.ThisdiversityofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia⑦.[讀文清障]①populationn．人口(數)②distinction/dI'stI?k?n/n.差別；區分；卓著③multiculturaladj.多元文化的④現在分詞短語havingattractedpeople...作結果狀語。⑤immigrant/'ImIɡr?nt/n.(從外國移入的)移民⑥liveon繼續存在；繼續生存⑦when引導的時間狀語從句。加利福尼亞[第1段譯文]加利福尼亞是美國的第三大州，但它是人口最多的州。加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國最具多元文化的一個州，它吸引了來自世界各地的人們。這些移民的風俗習慣以及語言在他們的新家都得以延續。當你了解了加利福尼亞的歷史時，你就不會對其文化的多樣性感到驚奇了。NATIVEAMERICANSExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.However,itislikelythat⑧NativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStrait⑨intheArctic⑩toAmericabymeansof?alandbridgewhichexistedinprehistoric?times?.Inthe16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeoplesuffered?greatly.Thousandswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.Inaddition?，manydiedfrom?thediseasesbroughtbytheEuropeans?.However,somesurvived?theseterribletimes,andtodaytherearemoreNativeAmericanslivinginCalifornia?thaninanyotherstate.,⑧itislikelythat...“很可能……”，該句型中it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。⑨Bering/'be?rI?/Strait/streIt/白令海峽⑩Arctic/'ɑ?ktIk/adj.北極的；北極區的theArctic北極?bymeansof...用……辦法；借助……means/mi?nz/n.手段；方法means單復數同形。?prehistoric/?pri?hI'st?rIk/adj.史前的?which引導的定語從句，修飾“alandbridge”。?suffervi.受苦；受難vt.遭受；蒙受?inaddition(to)除……之外，加之?diefrom死于?過去分詞短語broughtbytheEuropeans作后置定語，修飾thediseases。?survivevt.&vi.活下來，幸免?現在分詞短語livinginCalifornia作后置定語，修飾NativeAmericans。[第2段譯文]美洲土著人最早一批人具體是在什么時候來到我們現在了解的加利福尼亞地區的，誰也說不清楚。然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。科學家們認為這些遷居者是通過一條史前時代曾經存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區的白令海峽到達美洲。歐洲人在16世紀來到這里后，土著人遭受了極大的苦難，成千上萬的人被殺害或被迫成為奴隸。此外，歐洲人帶來了疾病，使許多人染病而死。不過，還是有一些人經歷了這些恐怖時期而活下來了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。THESPANISHInthe18thcenturyCaliforniawasruledbySpain.SpanishsoldiersfirstarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland?.Twocenturieslater,theSpanishhadsettledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwestcoastofwhatwenowcalltheUnitedStateseq\o(○,\s\up1(21)).OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCaliforniaeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))，themajorityeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))werereligiousmen,whoseministryeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))wastoteachtheCatholiceq\o(○,\s\up1(25))religiontothenativeseq\o(○,\s\up1(26)).In1821,thepeopleofMexicogainedtheirindependencefromeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))Spain.CaliforniathenbecamepartofMexico.In1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaroneq\o(○,\s\up1(28))Mexico,andafterthewarwonbytheUSAeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))，MexicohadtogiveCaliforniatotheUSA.However,thereisstillastrongSpanishinfluenceinthestate.Thatiswhyeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))todayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.?when引導的定語從句，修飾theearly16thcentury。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))what...是介詞of的賓語從句，what在賓語從句中作call的賓語，theUnitedStates作賓補。eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))動詞不定式短語togotoCalifornia作后置定語，修飾thefirstSpanish。當名詞前有序數詞、形容詞最高級或only修飾時，其后用todo作定語，不用doing。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))majority/m?'d??r?tI/n.大多數；大半(常與the連用，構成themajorityof...)eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))ministry/'mInIstrI/n.(政府的)部；(全體)牧師；牧師的職責eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))Catholic/'k?θ?lIk/adj.天主教的n．天主教徒eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))whoseministry...是whose引導的定語從句，修飾religiousmen,whose在從句中作定語，修飾ministry。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))gainindependencefrom從……獲得獨立eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))declarewaron對……宣戰eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))過去分詞短語wonbytheUSA作后置定語，修飾thewar。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))Thatiswhy...“那就是……的原因”，why后跟結果。Thatisbecause...“那是因為……”，because后跟原因。[第3段譯文]西班牙人在18世紀的時候，加利福尼亞是由西班牙統治的。西班牙士兵最早是在16世紀初期來到南美洲的，他們同土著人打仗，奪去了他們的土地。兩個世紀以后，西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地區定居下來，而且還在我們現在稱之為美國的西北沿海地區住下來。在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住居民傳授天主教。1821年，墨西哥人從西班牙獲得了獨立。加利福尼亞于是成了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美國向墨西哥宣戰，美國贏得了戰爭的勝利之后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亞割讓給美國。但是，這個州仍然保留著很強的西班牙文化的影響。那就是今天超過40%的加利福尼亞人仍然把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。RUSSIANSIntheearly1800seq\o(○,\s\up1(31))，Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaskaeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))，begansettlingineq\o(○,\s\up1(33))California.Todaythereareabout25,000Russian-Americanseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))livinginandaroundeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))SanFranciscoeq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).GOLDMINERSIn1848,notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwareq\o(○,\s\up1(37))，goldwasdiscoveredinCalifornia.Thedreamofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thenearest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouthAmericansandpeoplefromtheUnitedStates.Thenadventurerseq\o(○,\s\up1(38))fromEuropeandAsiasoonfollowed.Infact,fewachievedtheirdreamofbecomingrich.Somediedorreturnedhome,butmostremainedinCaliforniatomakealifeeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))forthemselvesdespiteeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))greathardshipeq\o(○,\s\up1(41)).Theysettledinthenewtownsoronfarms.BythetimeCaliforniaelectedeq\o(○,\s\up1(42))tobecomethethirty-firstfederaleq\o(○,\s\up1(43))stateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))intheearly1800s在19世紀初eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Alaska/?'l?sk?/n.阿拉斯加(州)eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))settlein定居；安頓；適應eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))Russian-Americann．美籍俄羅斯人eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))inandaround內外，以內及周邊eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))SanFrancisco/?s?nfr?n'sIsk??/n.圣弗朗西斯科(也稱舊金山)eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))after,before引導的時間狀語(從句)前面可以加上表示時間概念的名詞或副詞短語，如threedays,notlong,shortly等，表示“在……之后/之前的某個時間段”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))adventurer/?d'vent??r?/n.冒險家eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))makealife習慣于新的生活方式、工作等eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))despite/dI'spaIt/prep.盡管；不管eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))hardship/'hɑ?d?Ip/n.苦難；困苦eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))elect/I'lekt/vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))federal/'fed?r?l/adj.聯邦制的；聯邦政府的[第4～5段譯文]俄羅斯人在19世紀初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄羅斯獵人開始在加利福尼亞定居下來。今天，住在圣弗朗西斯科(舊金山)及其周邊地區的美籍俄羅斯人約有25000人。金礦工1848年，在美國同墨西哥戰爭之后不久，在加利福尼亞發現了金礦。發財夢很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距離最近因而來得最早的是南美洲人和美國人，隨后跟著來的有歐洲和亞洲的探險家。事實上很少有人圓了發財夢。許多人死了或回家了，但是盡管條件十分艱苦，多數人仍然留在了加利福尼亞勞作謀生，在新的城鎮或農場里定居下來。到1850年加利福尼亞成為美國第31個聯邦州的時候，它已經是一個有著多元文化的社會了。LATERARRIVALSAlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftheraileq\o(○,\s\up1(44))networkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughteveneq\o(○,\s\up1(45))largernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.Today,Chinese-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalargepercentageeq\o(○,\s\up1(46))havechosentostayinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngeleseq\o(○,\s\up1(47))andSanFranciscoeq\o(○,\s\up1(48)).OtherimmigrantssuchasItalianseq\o(○,\s\up1(49))，mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,arrivedinCaliforniainthelate19thcentury.In1911immigrantsfromDenmarkeq\o(○,\s\up1(50))establishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsupeq\o(○,\s\up1(51))theirDanishcultureeq\o(○,\s\up1(52)).Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywoodeq\o(○,\s\up1(53))，California.Theindustryboomeq\o(○,\s\up1(54))attractedEuropeansincludingeq\o(○,\s\up1(55))manyJewishpeople.TodayCaliforniahasthesecondlargestJewishpopulationintheUnitedStates.JapanesefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,andsincethe1980salotmorehavesettledthere.PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexicoeq\o(○,\s\up1(56)).However,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945toworkintheshipandaircrafteq\o(○,\s\up1(57))industries.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))rail/reIl/n.鐵路；扶手；(護欄的)橫條eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))even是程度副詞，修飾形容詞比較級larger。eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))percentage/p?'sentId?/n.百分比；百分率eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))LosAngeles/l?s'?nd??li?s/n.洛杉磯eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))althoughalargepercentage...是although引導的讓步狀語從句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))Italian/I't?lI?n/n.意大利人；意大利語adj.意大利人的；意大利語的Italy/'It?lI/n．意大利eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))Denmark/'denmɑ?k/n.丹麥(北歐國家)eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))keepup堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統等)eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))whichtodaystill...是which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾atownoftheirown。eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))Hollywood/'h?lIw?d/n．好萊塢；美國電影業eq\o(○,\s\up1(54))boom/bu?m/n.(人口、貿易的)繁榮vi.處于經濟迅速發展時期eq\o(○,\s\up1(55))includingprep.包括eq\o(○,\s\up1(56))PeoplefromAfricahavebeenliving...when...fromMexico.是主從復合句，主句用了現在完成進行時havebeenliving，從句是when引導的定語從句，修飾the1800s。eq\o(○,\s\up1(57))aircraft/'e?krɑ?ft/n.飛行器；航空器；飛機[第6～8段譯文]后來的移民雖然中國移民在淘金熱時期就開始來到了，但是更大批量的移民卻是在19世紀60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。今天，加利福尼亞州各地都有美籍華人居住，盡管有很大比例的華人還是選擇住在洛杉磯和圣弗朗西斯科(舊金山)的“唐人街”里。19世紀后期，其他國家的移民，比如意大利人來到加利福尼亞，他們主要是漁民，但也有些是制酒工人。1911年，丹麥移民建立了自己的城鎮，至今仍然保留著丹麥文化。20世紀20年代，電影業在加州的好萊塢建立了起來。這個新興的行業吸引了歐洲人，包括許多猶太人。今天，加利福尼亞的猶太人口在美國占第二位。日本農民是在20世紀初期開始到加利福尼亞來的，而從20世紀80年代以來有更多的日本人在加利福尼亞定居了。非洲人從19世紀就在加利福尼亞住下來，他們是從墨西哥向北遷來的。然而，更多的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期間來到加利福尼亞的，當時他們是到船廠和飛機廠工作的。MOSTRECENTARRIVALSInmorerecentdecades,Californiahasbecomehometoeq\o(○,\s\up1(58))morepeoplefromAsia,includingKoreanseq\o(○,\s\up1(59))，Cambodianseq\o(○,\s\up1(60))，VietnameseandLaotians.Sinceitsbeginninginthe1970s,thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansandPakistaniseq\o(○,\s\up1(61))toCalifornia.THEFUTUREPeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthelifestyleeq\o(○,\s\up1(62))，stillimmigrateeq\o(○,\s\up1(63))toCalifornia.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialeq\o(○,\s\up1(64))orculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.,eq\o(○,\s\up1(58))hometo……的發源地；……的所在地eq\o(○,\s\up1(59))Korean/k?'rI?n/n.韓國/朝鮮人；朝鮮/韓語adj.韓國(人/語)的；朝鮮(人/語)的Korea/k?'rI?/n．韓國；朝鮮eq\o(○,\s\up1(60))Cambodian/?k?m'b??dI?n/n.柬埔寨人；柬埔寨語eq\o(○,\s\up1(61))Pakistani/?pɑ?kI'stɑ?nI/adj.巴基斯坦(人)的n．巴基斯坦人eq\o(○,\s\up1(62))過去分詞短語attractedby...作原因狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(63))immigrate/'ImIɡreIt/vi.移入(外國定居)eq\o(○,\s\up1(64))racial/'reI?l/adj.人種的；種族的[第9～10段譯文]最近期的移民在最近的幾十年里，加利福尼亞成了更多亞洲人的家，包括朝鮮人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老撾人。從20世紀70年代開始發展計算機工業以來，加利福尼亞又吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人的到來。未來展望世界各地的人，由于受氣候條件和生活方式的吸引，仍然在繼續遷入加利福尼亞。人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。Pre-readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．distinctA．thelargestpartofagroupofpeopleorthings2．means B．tochoosetodosth.3．majorityC．aperiodofwealthandsuccess4．hardship D．relatingtothecentralgovernmentofacountrysuchasUS5．electE．awayofdoingsth.6．federalF．relatingtotherelationshipsbetweendifferentracesofpeople7．boomG．easilyorclearlyheard,seen,ect.8．racialH．asituationthatisdifficult答案：1～5GEAHB6～8DCFLead-inHowmuchdoyouknowaboutCalifornia?HaveadiscussioninyourgroupandthendothefollowinggeneralknowledgequizzesaboutCalifornia.1．Californiaisthe________largeststateintheUSA.A．third B．secondC．fourth D．fifth2．California,astateinthewesternUSA,borders________.A．thePacificOcean B．theIndianOceanC．theAtlanticOcean D．theArcticOcean3．________isCalifornia'slargestandthenation'ssecondlargestcity.A．Sacramento B．LosAngelesC．SanDiego D．SanFrancisco4．California'sofficialnicknameisthe________.A．SunflowerState B．GoldenStateC．LandofOpportunity D．EvergreenState5．________hasthelargestpopulationintheUSA.A．California B．AlaskaC．Washington D．Texas6．CaliforniaenteredtheUnionin1850,asthe________state.A．thirtieth B．thirty-eighthC．thirty-second D．thirty-first答案：1～6AABBADWhile-readingFast-reading1.Dividethepassageintothreepartsandthenmatchthemainideawitheachpart.(1)Part1(Para.1)A．ThehistoryofsettlementinCalifornia.(2)Part2(Paras.2～9) B．ThefutureofCalifornia.(3)Part3(Para.10)C．BriefintroductiontoCalifornia.答案：(1)～(3)CAB2．What'sthetopicofthistext?A．TheCultureofCalifornia.B．TheHistoryandCultureofCalifornia.C．TheWeatherofCalifornia.D．TheHistoryoftheUSA.答案：BCareful-readingReadthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．ManyCaliforniansspeakSpanishbecause______.A．thestatewasonceruledbySpainB．thesepeoplecamefromSpainC．theythinktheSpanishlanguageisbeautifulD．religiousmentaughtthemtheSpanishlanguage2．What'sthemainreasonwhyChineseimmigrantscametoCalifornia?A．Forgold.B．Forthebuildingoftherailnetwork.C．Toopenrestaurants.D．Toliveinthe“Chinatowns”．3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．MostpeopledidnotbecomerichbutsettledinCalifornia.B．Mostpeoplediedinthegoldrush.C．ThefirsttoarriveinCaliforniaforgoldwereAsians.D．Allthepeoplebecamerichinthegoldrush.4．WheredoChinese-Americanslive?A．TheyliveinallpartsofCalifornia.B．Theyonlyliveinthe“Chinatowns”ofLosAngeles.C．TheyonlyliveinSanFrancisco.D．TheyliveinCaliforniaaswellasinLosAngelesandSanFrancisco.5．Itcanbeinferredthat______.A．EuropeanandJewishpeoplecametomakefilmsinHollywood,CaliforniaB．peoplefromMexicocametoworkintheshipandaircraftindustriesC．IndiansandPakistanisaregoodatmakingcomputersD．therewillbemoreracialorculturalgroupsbecausemorepeoplearearrivinginCalifornia答案：1～5ABAADStudy-readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．ExactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia,noonereallyknows.[句式分析]本句采用了賓語從句提前的形式。正常的語序應該是：NoonereallyknowsexactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowasCalifornia.其中what在句子中引導了一個賓語從句，作介詞in的賓語。[嘗試翻譯]最早一批人具體是在什么時候來到我們現在了解的加利福尼亞地區的，誰也說不清楚。2．OfthefirstSpanishtogotoCalifornia,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoseministrywastoteachtheCatholicreligiontothenatives.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責是向原住居民傳授天主教。3．AlthoughChineseimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthatbroughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.[句式分析][嘗試翻譯]雖然中國移民在淘金熱時期就開始來到了，但是更大批量的移民卻是在19世紀60年代為了修建貫穿美國東西海岸的鐵路而來的。4．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.[句式分析]Itisbelievedthat...意為“據認為……”，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語，在這個主語從句中so...that引導結果狀語從句。[嘗試翻譯]人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種明顯主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多種族、多文化的混合體。Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheUnitedStatesofAmericaisthemostculturallydiversecountryintheworldintermsofculture,religion,ethnicityandsexualorientation.Asacombinationofvariousracesandcultures,Americaishometoall.TheculturehereissouniquethatcitizenscanbejustasproudoftheiroriginalculturalheritageastheyaretobeAmericans.WhatisnowtheUSwasinitiallyinhabitedbynativepeopleuntilthelandwassettledbyvariousEuropeangroupsandAfricanslaves.Sincethe20thcentury,thecountryhasbecomeaheavenforpeoplefromallovertheglobe.Thearrivalofimmigrantshasshiftedpopulationsfromruralareasintocitiesbecauseimmigrantstendtosettleinurbanareas.Atpresent,81percentoftheinhabitantsintheUSliveincities.Culturalandethnicdiversityaddsauniqueflavortocitiesthatisexpressedthroughdistinctneighborhoods,restaurants,placesofworship,museums,nightlifeandmulticulturallearningenvironments.Uniquemusicalforms,suchasjazz,rockandroll,Chicanomusic,andtheblues,growintheUSbymixingavarietyofculturallydistinctmusicaltraditionstocreateanewform.Attheexecutive(行政的)level,thecountryisheadedbyamixed-racepresident;twopostsontheSupremeCourtareheldbymembersofthecountry'stwolargestminorities.Thereisalsodiversityinstateandlocalgovernments.Withoutitsrichmixtureofracesandcultures,Americawouldnotbethenationthatitistoday.Foundeduponthebasisofequalityandfreedom,Americaactsasastagewheredifferentculturesnotonlyco-existpeacefully,butdevelopwell.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文介紹了多元化給美國帶來的一些影響。)1．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．TheEffectsofCultureandDiversityonAmericaB．TheInfluenceofGlobalizationonAmericaC．ThePoliticalDevelopmentofAmericaD．TheBrightFutureofAmerica解析：選A標題歸納題。通讀全文，主要介紹了多元化在各個方面對美國的影響。2．Accordingtothepassage,Americaisacountry________.A．thatwelcomespeoplefromallovertheworldB．wherecitizenstakemoreprideintheiroriginalcultureC．thatismostlysettledbyEuropeansandAfricansD．where81%ofthepopulationareimmigrants解析：選A細節理解題。根據第二段的“Sincethe20thcentury,thecountryhasbecomeaheavenforpeoplefromallovertheglobe.”可知應選A。3．WheredidmostpeoplelivebeforemanyimmigrantscametoAmerica?A．Intheurbanareas.B．Intheruralareas.C．InthesouthernpartofAmerica.D．InthenorthernpartofAmerica.解析：選B細節理解題。根據第三段的“Thearrivalofimmigrantshasshiftedpopulationsfromruralareasintocitiesbecauseimmigrantstendtosettleinurbanareas.”可知，大量移民涌入美國之前，他們大多居住在鄉下。4．Wecanlearnfromthesixthparagraphthat________.A．diversityhasexistedinAmericainalmosteveryaspectB．mostpostsinAmericastategovernmentsarehelpbymixed-racepeopleC．equalityandfreedommakeAmericaafaircountryD．diversityhasgreatlyaffectedtheAmericanpoliticalfield解析：選D推理判斷題。根據第六段內容可知，多元化對美國的政治領域有很大影響。BTheLouvre,inParis,France,hasalmost275,000worksofart.Itcontainssomeofthemostfamousworksofartinthehistoryoftheworld,includingtheMonaLisabyLeonardodaVinci.TheLouvrewasoriginallyafort(astrongbuildingusedbysoldiersfordefendingaplace)builtbyKingPhilipⅡsometimearoundAD1200.Inthe1300s,itbecamearoyalhouseforCharlesⅤ，whohaditrenovated(翻新).Whilehedidhavehisowncollectionofartthere,everythingdisappearedwhenhedied.Thisimpressivebuildingremainedemptyuntil1527,whenFrancoisⅠdecidedthathewanteditforhisprivatepalace.FrancoisⅠwasacollectorofearlyItalianRenaissanceartatthetime,andalreadyownedtheMonaLisa.However,hewouldnotmoveintotheLouvreuntilitwascompletelyrenovatedandmadeevenmoresplendidthanithadbeenduringtheruleofCharlesⅤ.Unfortunately,FrancoisⅠdiedbeforetheworkwascompleted,buttheworkcontinueduntilthedeathoftheheadarchitect.Afterwards,severalgenerationsofFrenchroyaltylivedinthepalaceuntilLouis，thelastoftheFrenchrulerstocalltheLouvrehome,leftin1682.TheLouvre,however,wasfarfromabandoned.Forabout30yearsafterLouis'sdeathin1715,theLouvrebecamethehomeofartistsandscholars.Itsartcollectiongrewfromabout200paintingsin1643toabout2,500worksofartin1715.Itwasacenterofcreativity,untilthepublicbegantobeadmittedin1793.ThroughouttheFrenchRevolutionandtheyearsruledbyNapoleonⅠ，theartcollectionintheLouvregrewgreatly.NapoleonrobbedartfromallovertheworldandaddedittotheLouvre'scollection.AfterNapoleon'sdeathin1821,theoriginalownersreclaimed(要求歸還)muchoftherobbedartwork.Overthelast100years,artcollegeshavebeensetupattheLouvre,andithasbecomeoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.eq\x(語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了法國盧浮宮悠久而不同尋常的歷史。)5．WhatdowelearnabouttheLouvre?A．Itbecameanartcollegein1821.B．Itwasfirstconstructedasaroyalhouse.C．Itwasabandonedinthefourteenthcentury.D．Itbecameameetingplaceforcultureafter1715.解析：選D細節理解題。由第四段中的“Forabout30yearsafterLouis'sdeathin1715,theLouvrebecamethehomeofartistsandscholars.”可知，在1715年之后，盧浮宮一度成為文藝人士的集會地點。6．Accordingtothetext,FrancoisⅠ________.A．hadneverlivedintheLouvreB．ledasimplelifeduringhislifeC．lostallhiscollectiononhisdeathD．receivedallartworkfromCharlesⅤ解析：選A推理判斷題。由第三段中的“However,hewouldnot...theruleofCharlesⅤ.”和第四段中的“Unfortunately,FrancoisⅠdied...theheadarchitect.”可知，法蘭西斯一世沒有在盧浮宮里住過。7．WhobroughtthehugeincreaseintheamountofartworkintheLouvre?A．CharlesⅤ. B．FrancoisⅠ.C．NapoleonⅠ. D．Louis．解析：選C細節理解題。由第五段中的“ThroughouttheFrenchRevolutionandtheyearsruledbyNapoleonⅠ，theartcollectionintheLouvregrewgreatly.”可知，拿破侖一世讓盧浮宮的藏品數量巨幅增長。CWhenIwentawaytocollege,Ichosetogotoalargeschoolinanotherstateinanattempttoneveragainseethosepopulargirls,theoneswhodrovequietgirlslikemeheadlongintothearmsofdustybooks.SinceIdidn'tknowasoulatthisuniversity,Ivolunteeredforaclubtomakefriends.That'showIendeduponewintereveningstandingoutsidethestudentunion,waitingforthenight'sfamousspeakertodriveup.Myassignmentwastoescort(護送)hertotheauditoriumwhereherfanseagerlywaitedtohearMayaAngelou,authorofIKnowWhytheCagedBirdSings.Asshowtimeneared,Angelou'scarpulledup.Whenitsdooropened,Angelouandafemalefriendexited,eachwearinghead-to-toefurcoats.Inervouslyguidedthepairinside.Angelouwasreadytosweeponstage,butfirst,therewasherfurcoat.Iofferedtobabysititbackstagetomakesureitwassafe.“No，”shesaid.Shelookedoutattheaudience.“Youneedtogetoutthereandlive.”SoIfoundafront-rowseatandheard,forthefirsttime,abookcomealiveinanauthor'sownvoice.Theaudienceclappedandcheeredastheywentalongontherideofthisperformance.IwishIcouldsaythatmylifechangedthen.Butoutofcollege,Iwentdeeperintomyinteriorself,takingajobthatrequiredlittlehumancontact.Afewyearslater,Ibecameanewspapereditor,whichrequiredtalkingtomanypeople.Forthosetimes,Idependedonindex(索引)cards.ButIremindedmyselfthatAngelouhadn'tusednotes.Today,I'minmy50s.IamspeakingcomfortablyaboutwhatIreallyknowtobetrue.Igetouttherenowandlive.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。作者講述了一位作家所說的話和表演對自己的深遠影響。8．Whatkindofpersondidtheauthorusetobe?A．Brave. B．Kind.C．Careless. D．Shy.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據第一段的“neveragainseethosepopulargirls,theoneswhodrovequietgirlslikeme”可推測，作者應該是個比較靦腆的女孩。9．Soonaftergraduatingfromcollege,theauthor________.A．foundajobasanewspapereditorB．