國外道德困境案例演示文稿現在是1頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一國外道德困境案例現在是2頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一倫理困境也被稱為道德悖論，是指陷于幾個道德命令之間的明顯沖突，如果遵守其中一項，就將違犯另一項的情形。現在是3頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一Trolleyproblem

電車難題現在是4頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一

這是一個倫理學的思想實驗。其大致內容是：假設一輛有軌電車失去控制，即將撞上前面的5個人，這時可以通過搬動道岔來避免該事故，但另外一條岔道上卻有1個人，那么，是否可以通過犧牲這一個人的生命而拯救另外五個人？

此難題可以變化，如一條岔道有一人，另外一條可以改成更多人或更少人，另外五人可以改成罪犯。現在是5頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一TheOvercrowdedLifeboat現在是6頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一 In1842,ashipstruckanicebergandmorethan30survivorswerecrowdedintoalifeboatintendedtohold7.Asastormthreatened,itbecameobviousthatthelifeboatwouldhavetobelightenedifanyoneweretosurvive.Thecaptainreasonedthattherightthingtodointhissituationwastoforcesomeindividualstogooverthesideanddrown.Suchanaction,hereasoned,wasnotunjusttothosethrownoverboard,fortheywouldhavedrownedanyway.Ifhedidnothing,however,hewouldberesponsibleforthedeathsofthosewhomhecouldhavesaved.Somepeopleopposedthecaptain'sdecision.Theyclaimedthatifnothingweredoneandeveryonediedasaresult,no現在是7頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一onewouldberesponsibleforthesedeaths.Ontheotherhand,ifthecaptainattemptedtosavesome,hecoulddosoonlybykillingothersandtheirdeathswouldbehisresponsibility;thiswouldbeworsethandoingnothingandlettingalldie.Thecaptainrejectedthisreasoning.Sincetheonlypossibilityforrescuerequiredgreateffortsofrowing,thecaptaindecidedthattheweakestwouldhavetobesacrificed.Inthissituationitwouldbeabsurd,hethought,todecidebydrawinglotswhoshouldbethrownoverboard.Asitturnedout,afterdaysofhardrowing,thesurvivorswererescuedandthecaptainwastriedforhisaction.Ifyouhadbeenonthejury,howwouldyouhavedecided?現在是8頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一AFather'sAgonizingChoice現在是9頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一Youareaninmateinaconcentrationcamp.Asadisticguardisabouttohangyoursonwhotriedtoescapeandwantsyoutopullthechairfromunderneathhim.Hesaysthatifyoudon'thewillnotonlykillyoursonbutsomeotherinnocentinmateaswell.Youdon'thaveanydoubtthathemeanswhathesays.Whatshouldyoudo?現在是10頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一Sophie'sChoice,notinGrassian現在是11頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一InthenovelSophie'sChoice,byWilliamStyron,aPolishwoman,SophieZawistowska,isarrestedbytheNazisandsenttotheAuschwitzdeathcamp.Onarrival,sheis"honored"fornotbeingaJewbybeingallowedachoice:Oneofherchildrenwillbesparedthegaschamberifshechooseswhichone.Inanagonyofindecision,asbothchildrenarebeingtakenaway,shesuddenlydoeschoose.Theycantakeherdaughter,whoisyoungerandsmaller.Sophiehopesthatherolderandstrongersonwillbebetterabletosurvive,butshelosestrackofhimandneverdoeslearnofhisfate.Didshedotherightthing?Yearslater,hauntedbytheguiltofhavingchosenbetweenherchildren,Sophiecommitssuicide.Shouldshehavefeltguilty?現在是12頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一TheFatManandtheImpendingDoom現在是13頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一Afatmanleadingagroupofpeopleoutofacaveonacoastisstuckinthemouthofthatcave.Inashorttimehightidewillbeuponthem,andunlessheisunstuck,theywillallbedrownedexceptthefatman,whoseheadisoutofthecave.[But,fortunately,orunfortunately,someonehaswithhimastickofdynamite.]Thereseemsnowaytogetthefatmanloosewithoutusing[that]dynamitewhichwillinevitablykillhim;butiftheydonotuseiteveryonewilldrown.Whatshouldtheydo?現在是14頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一Sincethefatmanissaidtobe"leading"thegroup,heisresponsiblefortheirpredicamentandreasonablyshouldvolunteertobeblownup.Thedilemmabecomesmoreacuteifwesubstituteapregnantwomanforthefatman.Shewouldhavebeenurgedbytheotherstogofirstoutofthecave.現在是15頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一APoisonousCupofCoffee現在是16頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一

Tom[/Jane],hatinghis[/her]wife[/husband]andwantingher[/him]dead,putspoisoninher[/his]coffee,therebykillingher[/him].Joe[/Debbie]alsohateshis[/her]wife[/husband]andwouldlikeher[/him]dead.Oneday,Joe's[/Debbie's]wife[/husband]accidentallyputspoisoninher[/his]coffee,thinkingit'scream.Joe[/Debbie]hastheantidote,buthe[/she]doesnotgiveittoher[/him].Knowingthathe[/she]istheonlyonewhocansaveher[/him],he[/she]letsher[/him]die.IsJoe's[/Debbie's]failuretoactasbadasTom's[/Jane's]action?現在是17頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一TheValueofaPromise現在是18頁\一共有20頁\編輯于星期一Afriendconfidestoyouthathehascommittedaparticularcrimeandyoupromisenevertotell.Discoveringthataninnocentpersonhas