PAGE7Whateveryoudo,dowithallyourmight.不管做什么，都要一心一意。第一講時態動詞主要用來表示動作、狀態和性質，而動作和狀態的發生有具體的時間和變現方式，這就是英語中動詞的時態。動詞常見的十種時態：1一般現在時：謂語動詞用原形或第三人稱單數2.一般過去時：謂語動詞用過去時3.一般將來時：謂語動詞用will/shall/begoingto+動詞原形4.現在進行時態：謂語用am/is/are+現在分詞5.將來進行時：謂語用will/shall+be+現在進行時6.現在完成時：謂語用have/has+過去分詞7.現在完成進行時：謂語用have/has+been+現在分詞8.過去進行時：謂語用was/were+現在分詞9.過去完成時：謂語用had+過去分詞10.過去將來時：謂語用would+動詞原形或was/weregoingto+動詞原形解題思路：1.時間觀念：弄清空所在的句子是談現在還是談過去；2.考查被動語態：高考的很多時態題，往往兩個選項是主動語態，兩個選項是被動語態，先從主動和被動角度縮小選擇范圍，再結合時間觀念，往往命中率很高。3.考查現在完成時：空所在的句子是談現在。=1\*GB3①強調對現在造成的影響。設題方式：情景對話（第一句往往是對現在造成的影響）=2\*GB3②強調到現在為止動作已經完成。4.考查過去完成時：表示“過去的過去發生的動作”=1\*GB3①必須找到過去的時間參照點（句中有過去動作）；=2\*GB3②時態的一致性也是解題的重要依據（整句都是過去時態層面）。5.考查一般過去時：一般過去時只說明過去（陳述過去事實），與現在無關。=1\*GB3①時態的一致性（整句都是過去時態層面）；=2\*GB3②有明顯的過去時間狀語。理論概述：一．動詞的五種基本形式：動詞原形，第三人稱單數，現在分詞，過去分詞，過去式。Egworkworksworkingworkedworked動詞的五種基本形式變化表形式構成例詞動詞原形不帶to的動詞不定式形式，也就是一般給的形式be,have,do,learn第三人稱單數形式在動詞原形后加-s以s,x,sh,ch,o結尾的動詞，加-es以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，變y為i加es特殊變形：havehasruns,likespasses,does,washes,teaches,fixesStudy-studies,try-tries現在分詞在動詞原形后加-ing以不發音字母e結尾的動詞，去e加ing以重讀閉音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加ing特殊：以ie結尾的動詞，變ie為y,再加ingreadinglive-livingwrite-writingsit-sittingbegin-beginningdie-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying過去式與過去分詞（規則變化）在動詞后加-ed以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞，變y為i加ed以e結尾的單詞，直接加-d以重讀閉音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母，再加ed特殊：見不規則動詞過去式及過去分詞表workedcarry-carriedstudy-studiedlivedstop-stoppedplan-planned二．動詞各種時態的用法1.一般現在時（1）結構陳述句主語+謂語（原形/動詞三單）+賓語+…否定式主語+don’t/doesn’t+動詞原形+…一般疑問句Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+…特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句(2)用法1)經常性或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態。與often,always,usually,sometimes,onceaweek,everyday等表頻度的副詞或時間狀語連用。Wehavemealsthreetimesaday.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.SometimesLucywashesherclothesherself.2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.3)在時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中，如果主句是將來時態，從句用一般現在時表將來。（時間狀語從句的引導詞：when,before,until/till,assoonas,themoment,once.條件狀語從句的引導詞：if,unless,evenif讓步狀語從句的引導詞：nomatterwhat/who/which/when等,whatever,whoever,whichever,whenever，wherever等。）Ifitrainstomorrowwewon’tgotothepark.I’llgowithyouassoonasIfinishmywork.Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.WhenIgrowup,IwillgotoAmerica.4)在某些以here,there開頭的句子中，用一般現在時表示正在發生的動作Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Herecomesabus.車來了。2.一般過去時（1）結構陳述句主語+謂語（過去式）+賓語+…否定式主語+didn’t+動詞原形+…一般疑問句Did+主語+動詞原形+…特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句(2)用法1)表示過去某時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。Igotupatsixthismorning.2)表示過去習慣或經常發生的動作。不定式的主動表被動。Weweretohavetoldyou,butyouwerenotin.我們本來想告訴你，但是你不在家。IfIweretotellyouthatIadmiredhim,wouldyoubelieveme?要是我告訴你我羨慕他，你會相信嗎？Whichdriveristoblamefortheaccident?這次事故是哪個司機的責任？Thehouseistolet.這座房子要出租。6）一般現在時表將來表示按規定或時間表預計將發生的動作。在狀語從句中表將來。We’regoingtoChangchun.Ourplanetakesoffat8:10.跟進練習：WejustsawJohnatthebookstore.That’sstrange. Ididn’tthinkthathe_______backuntiltomorrow.A.willcomeB.wastocomeC.iscomingD.istocome2.Ifthesun_____tomorrow,whatwouldwedo?A.werenottoraiseB.doesnotriseC.wouldnotriseD.werenottorise3.Lookattheseclouds.____________.A.It’sgoingtorain.B.It’sraining.C.It’storainD.Itcanrain.4.進行時（1）結構陳述句主語+be(am/is/are)+現在分詞+其他(過去進行時，be用was/were)否定式主語+be+not+現在分詞+其他…一般疑問句Be+主語+現在分詞+其他特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句（2）用法1）一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，唱動作用進行時，短動作用一般Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.ThereportersaidthattheUFOwastravelingeasttowestwhenhesawit.那位記者說，當他看到那個不明飛行物時，它正在自東向西飛行。2）表動作的未完成性、暫時性。Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?Notyet.Theroomsarebeingpainted.(未完成性)Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnologyischangingsorapidly.3)計劃，安排要做某事4）表示現在或當時發展中的或正在進行的情況。IfirstmetLily3yearsago.Shewasworkingataclothesshopatthetime.5)表示反復出現的或習慣性的動作，含有贊賞、厭惡、遺憾等情緒，常與always,continually,constantly連用。Heisalwaysthinkingofothersfirst.他總是先想到他人。Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistake.他總是犯同樣的錯誤。跟進練習：You_____always______(watch)TV.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?Watch!I________(watch)butI_______(see)anythingunusual.3.Listen!Thecouple____________(quarrel)intheroom.5.現在完成時（1）結構陳述句主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定式主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他…一般疑問句Have/has+主語+過去+其他特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句（2）用法1）表示過去發生的或已經完成的莫一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。(already,yet,just剛剛，never，before)Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.Hehasturnedoffthelight.(=Thelightisoffnow).IhavealreadywatchedtheTVplay.2)表示動作或狀態在過去已經開始，持續到現在，也許還要持續下。（for,since,lately,recently,inthepast/lastfewdays,sincethen,uptonow,sofar）for:+一段時間forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyearsSince+過去的某一時刻,sinceninesincelastweeksincethenSince+一般過去時態的時間狀語從句sinceyoucame;sinceyougothome.uptonow,tillnow,far,byfar,到目前為止recently,lately最近inthepast/last+一段時間Inthepastfewyears,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Hehasbeenbusywritingabookrecently.Hehaswritten8bookssofar.3)This/Itisthefirst/secondtime+that從句。從句謂語用現在完成時。 Thisisthefirsttime(that)Ihavecomehere.這是我第一次來這里。4）在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中，表示將來某時間以前已完成的動作。IwillnotbelieveyouunlessIhaveseenitwithmyowneyes.IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavefinishedmywork.5).延續性與非延續性動詞的用法瞬間動詞又叫非延續性動詞、終止性動詞。瞬間動詞可以用于完成時態，但不可以接表示一段時間的狀語。與一段時間連用時，謂語動詞應用延續性動詞。(for+一段時間，since+時間點)常見的瞬間動詞與延續性動詞的轉換瞬間動詞延續性動詞瞬間動詞延續性動詞瞬間動詞延續性動詞buyhavemarrybemarriedarrive/reachbeborrowkeepcatchacoldhaveacoldopenbeopenputonwearclosebeclosedgetupbeupBegin/startbeonwakeupbeawakecomebeherefallasleepbeasleepgobetherelosenothavefinishbeoverjoinbeindiebedeadleavebeaway非延續性動詞與一段時間連用才用以下三種方式處理：將非延續性動詞轉化為延續性動詞將時間按狀語改為過去時間，并用一般過去時代替現在完成時用句型itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句（從句中的謂語動詞用非延續性動詞的一般過去式）表示Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.跟進練習：單句改錯及句型轉換HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasbeenasoldiertwoyearsago.Helefthisoffice3hoursago.→He____________fromhisofficefor3hours.It_____________3hourssincehelefthisoffice.Hehasbeendeadfor4years.→He___________ago.Itis________________hedied.6過去完成時（1）結構陳述句主語+had+過去分詞+其他否定式主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他…一般疑問句Had+主語+過去+其他特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句（2）用法1）表示到過去某個時間已完成的動作或狀態。即過去的過去常用的時間狀語有：bythen,bythattime,bytheendoflastyear,before2000,bythetime+句子，until等。BythenhehadlearnedEnglishfor3years.到那時，他已經學了3年英語了。Untilthenhehadknownnothingaboutityet.到那時為止，他對此仍一無所知。3）Hardly/Scarcely/Rarelyhad…done…when…;Nosoonerhad…done…than;When和than從句里用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時，且用倒裝。表示“剛剛……就…..”Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.我剛一到家，大雨就傾盆而下。HardlyhadIstartedwhenthecargotaflattire.4)Itwas/hadbeen+一段時間+since從句。Since從句的謂語用過去完成時。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我們10年沒有這么高興了。5）That/It/Thiswasthefirst/second/thirdtime+that從句。That從句的謂語用過去完成時。ItwasthethirdtimethatIhadpassedtheexam.那是我第三次考試及格。6）表示冤枉、打算一類的詞,hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的愿望或意圖。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.(未能如愿)Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.補充：將來完成進行表示到將來某一時間，某一動作將會完成，常與by+將來的某時間連用Bythistimeofnextyear,youwillhavebecomeacollegestudent.6完成進行時（1）意義表示一個動作開始于過去，持續到現在，并強調現在還在進行或感情色彩。（2）結構陳述句主語+have/has+been+現在分詞否定式主語+have/has+not+been+現在分詞一般疑問句have/has+主語+been+現在分詞特殊疑問句疑問詞+一般疑問句HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor6years.(強調到現在還在學)Ithasbeenrainingfor3days.（強調抱怨的感情色彩）跟進練習：1.Helen_________(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband________(come)home.2.I_________(hope)tomeetMr.Thomsonthismorning,butIfoundnobodyleftintheroom.3.WeplantoreachtheNorthPoleinthemid-July,andbythenwe________(walk_)forsixweeks.4.BythetimeyouarriveinNewYork,youwill____________(away)fortwoweeks.5.Didyoufindthemissingcoupleinthemountainyesterday?No,butwe__________(try)togetintouchwiththemeversince.連接高考一：1.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he______workingonhisproject.(2012山東)A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts2.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers_____.(2012山東)A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving3.WhenIgotonthebus,I_________Ihadleftmywalletathome.(2011山東)A.wasrealizing

B.realized

C.haverealized

D.wouldrealize4.Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechild_________everything!(2011山東)A.hadbeeneating

B.hadeaten

C.haveeaten

D.havebeeneating5.Uptonow,theprogram______thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山東)A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved6.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities______risingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen（2009山東）7.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit______.（2009山東）A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened8.Bythetimeherealizeshe______intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.A.walks B.walked C.haswalked D.hadwalked9.Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.(2012安徽)A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept10.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout(2012重慶)11.Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe______.A.wouldn’t B.didn’t C.hasn’t D.hadn’t12.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.(2012北京)A.hurt B.washurt C.hashurt D.hadbeenhurt13.Ourfriendship_____quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.(2012北京)A.haddeveloped B.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelop D.developed14.—CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon?—I’msorry,butbythenI_____toBeijing.Howaboutfive?(2012陜西)A.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying15.Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou______thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.areseeing16.—Look!Somebody______thesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2012江西)A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned17.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI____onFriday.(2012遼寧)A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid18.—Alvin,areyoucomingwithus?—I’dloveto,butsomethingunexpected_______.(2012浙江)A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup19.ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_____someEuropeanbusinesspartners.A.wouldmeetB.ismeetingC.meets D.hadmet(2012江蘇)20.Planningsofarahead______nosensesomanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.A.madeB.ismakingC.makesD.hasmade(2011全國）21.Ifyoudon’tlikethedrinkyou_____,justleaveitandtryadifferentone.(2011全國)A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered22.Onhernextbirthday,Ann____marriedfortwentyyears.(2011天津))A.isB.hasbeenC.willbeD.willhavebeen23.Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebody____intotheofficeduringthenight.A.brokeB.hadbrokenC.hasbrokenD.wasbreaking（2011江西）24.Tom_____inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.(2011北京)A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking25.Lastmonth,theJapanesegovernmentexpressedtheirthanksfortheaidthey____fromChina.A.receiveB.arereceivingC.havereceivedD.hadreceived(2011福建)26.Themanagerwasworriedaboutthepressconferencehisassistant____inhisplacebut,luckily,everythingwasgoingonsmoothly.（2011浙江)A.gaveB.givesC.wasgivingD.hadgiven27.Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.Iknow.Bynextmonth,he_____enoughforausedone.(2011江蘇)A.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved28.In1492,Columbus_________ononeoftheBahamaIslands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndia.(2011湖南)A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded29.LookattheprideonTom’sface.He_____tohavebeenpraisedbythemanagerjustnow.A.seemedB.seemsC.hadseemedD.isseeming(2011重慶)30.Whatamistake!Yes.I_____hisdoingitanotherway,butwithoutsuccess.(2011四川)A.wassuggestingB.willsuggestC.wouldsuggestD.hadsuggested連接高考二1.Where’sTom?Hismother_______himnow.A.islookingforB.willlookforC.haslookedforD.looksfor2.Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?I_______onthegrassanddrawingapicture.A.sitB.satC.amsittingD.wassitting3.Myauntisawriter.She_______morethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite4.Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasI_______inCanada.A.arriveB.arrivedC.amarrivingD.willarrive5.I_______someofmyfreetimeplayingbasketballformyschoolteam.A.spendB.costC.takeD.pay6.Ifitisdark,_______thelights,please.A.pickupB.lookatC.turnonD.playwith7.I_______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit!A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfrom8.It’sveryhothere.Whynot_______youcoat.A.putonB.tryonC.takeofffD.turnoff9.IcanhardlyhearwhatissayingonTV.Wouldyouplease_______?A.turnitupB.turnitdownC.turnitonD.turnitoff10.Maryisn’thereatthemoment.She_______later.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.iscoming11.HowIwishIcouldsleeplonger!However,Ihadtogetupassoonasthealarmclock_______.A.ranoffB.wentoffC.tookoff12.LiNahaswonthechampionshipinFranceTennisOpen.AlltheAsians_______herchallengingspiritandexcellentEnglish.A.areproudofB.takecareofC.getalongwith13.I’venotfinishedmyprojectyet.Hurryup!