2021-2022年江西省南昌市大學英語6級大學英語六級知識點匯總（含答案）學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.It'sthemonitoringfunctionthatmakesthehostprocessorfinallysolveadisputeaboutatransaction.

2.BesurenottousebirthdatesoryourphonenumbersasyourPINbecausethey______.

3.Thepropertemperatureforstoringbooksis______.

4.

______participateintheErasmusprograminEuropetopreparestudentsforglobalcareers.

5.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

A.Polarbears.B.Mammals.C.People.D.Birds.

6.

Whatisthemainfunctionofcyanobacteria?

A.Tomakemoreduststorms.

B.Tokeepthesoilflying.

C.Tokeepthesoiltotheground.

D.Tocreatemorerocks.

7.

______isthemostimportantfactorthatdetermineswhetheryoucansucceedinnavigatingyourturningpoint.

8.TheNextDisaster:AreWeReady?

AreWeReallyPrepared?

AftertheattacksonSeptember11andthehurricanesthatslammedtheGulfCoastlastyear,you'dexpectourmajorcitiestobereadywithdisasterplansthatwillsavelivesandproperty.There'snodoubtwe'llbehitagain—maybeevenharder—becausethelistofpossiblecalamities(災難)islong:fromabirdflupandemictoamassiveCaliforniaearthquake,tomoremonsterstorms,toanotherterroristattack.

Butarewereallypreparedtoprotectpeople,aswellastheirhomesandbusinesses?Everymajorurbanareahasreceivedfederalfunding,muchofitfromtheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS),inordertomaketheircitiesmoresecure.Buttherearenosetcriteriaformeasuringpreparedness(thefedsareworkingonthat),andthequalityofdisasterplansvarieswidelythroughoutthecountry.

Sowedecidedtodoanindependentassessmentof10high-riskurbanareas,focusingonkeysecurityindicators.Weanalyzedpublicdata,consultedwithfederalandlocalemergencyworkers,andcontactedthemayors'officestogauge(測量)thereadinessofthesecitiestomeetbothnaturalandman-madedisasters.

Ourcriteriafellunderthreemaincategories:EmergencyReadiness,CrisisCommunications,andMedicalResponse.

EmergencyReadiness

Arethereatleast1,000firstresponders(suchaspolice,fireandEMTs)per100,000residents?They'reourfirstlineofprotectioninalmostanydisastersituation—professionalswhoaretrainedtohandleeverythingfromrescuingvictimstoprovidingfirstaid,toenforcingquarantines(封鎖),todirectingtrafficforevacuations(疏散).

Aretherefederalsearch-and-rescueteamsbasedwithin50miles?Largecitiesoftenhavespecializedteamstodealwithsuchthingsashigh-rise-buildingrescuesorhazardouschemicalspills.Butthesesquadsaresometimessmall,ill-equipped,orrunonashoestring.Thisisnottrueoffederalurbansearch-and-rescuetaskforcesthattheDHSsupportsacrossthecountry.Eachtaskforceismadeof62membersand4canines,aswellasa"comprehensivecache"ofequipment.DHStaskforcesarenotautomaticallyassigned;acityneedstoapplyandpresentitscase.

Hasthecityorstateearned"greenstatus"fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention?Supposethatinthemidstofaflupandemicorbioterrorattack,yourcityranlowoncriticalmedicines.TheCDCstandsreadytohelpbydistributingdrugsandmedicalequipmentfromitsStrategicNationalStockpile.Buttheagencywantstoknowthatacityorstateisabletoquicklymobilizehundredsofhealthworkersandvolunteerstrainedtohandlethelogistics,andhasspacesetasideforstorageandrefrigeration.You'rebestoffifyourcityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus"—evenifthestateitselfhasnot—becauseitmeanslocalhealthteamscanhandlethesuppliesontheirown.

Doesthecitywebsiteexplainclearlywhattodoincaseofevacuation?WhocanforgettheimagesofstrandedNewOrleansresidents,orthe5-mphcrawloutofHouston?ItturnedoutthatNewOrleans'sevacuationplanswerebothinadequateandpoorlycommunicated.Onewaycitiescanavoidasimilarnightmareistoputclearandeasy-to-findevacuationinformationontheirwebsites.Somecities,suchasBostonandWashington,postthepreferredstreetroutes.Others,likeLasVegas,won'tdisclosedetailsduetosecurityfears,buttheirwebsitesmayprovidewaystoquicklygetevacuationdetailswhenyouneedthem(suchasnumberstocalloralertservicesyoucansignupfor).Amongthemoreimportantthingstoaddressarepeoplewithoutvehiclesoftheirown(ahugefailinginNewOrleans)andinstructionsforpetowners.

Doesthewebsiteincludedetailsforresidentswithspecialneeds?InJuly1995,aviciousheatwavekilled

A.YB.NC.NG

9.Antipollutionlegislationshavebeenenactedthankstothecontinuedpressurefrom______.

A.grass-rootsorganizations

B.individualactivism

C.environmentalists

D.environmentalregulation

10.

Currentnewweight-lossdrugsarenot______forlong-termusebecausetheycangivegreaterweightlosswithmoresideeffects.

11.

Knowledgeablepeoplereadfaster.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Thetricktorememberingthevocabularywordsistolinkthemtothenumberkeyimagesin______asceneaspossible.

13.Married,WithMoney

Youfightoverfinances,right?Here'showtokeepthecashandthepassion.

BrianGreenbergisacollegefinancialplanner,butonarecentmorninghefeltmorelikeamarriagecounselor.Thecouplesittinginhisoffice,nearCherryHill,NewJersey,wasseekingadviceaboutapplyingforfinancialaidfortheman'ssonfromapreviousmarriage."Whentheywalkedin,"Geenbergrecalls,"Icouldfeelthehostility."

Theincomefromthewife'sbusiness,whichshehadstartedbeforetheymarried,wasmodest,butitwasjustenoughtolimittheamountofaidthesoncouldreceive.Thehusbandwantedhertoincorporatetoreducetheirincome,therebyallowingthesontoqualifyformoreaid.Shedidn'twanttogothroughthecomplicatedincorporationprocess,butfeltpressuredbyherhusband."Hewassaying,'I'mentitledtodowhatIwantbecauseI'mmakingthemoneythatpaysthebills,'"recallsGreenberg."Thatkindofthinkingunderminesarelationship."

Muchofthistypeofanimosity(仇恨)canbeavoidedifonlycoupleswouldtalkaboutmoneybeforetheygetmarried,saysMaryClaireAllvine,acertifiedfinancialplannerinChicagoandAtlantaandco-authorofThe7MostImportantMoneyDecisionsYou'llEverMake.Withoutthistalk,it'sunlikelythatcoupleshaveanactualplanfortheirlivestogether.

StudieshaveshownthatdisagreementsovermoneyaretheNo.1causeoffrictioninamarriage.Andforsome,they'retheNo.1reasonfordivorce.

Sowhycansomecouplesweatherfinancialupsanddownswhileotherssplitoverahouseholdbudget?Thekeytosuccessistofindthecommonground—thesharedvaluesabouthow,aspartners,youwanttoliveyourJivestogether.Herearesometipsforexecutingamoneyplanwithoutlosingthepassion.

Thinkbigandputitinbuckets.Aftercoupleshavepaidtheirfixedexpenses,theyoftenfindthemselvesdisagreeingoverhowtospendwhat'sleft-payoffthecreditcardsorgetthatHDTVoneofthemhasbeencraving.

Toavoidsuchclashes,talkaboutyourdreams.Allvine'sresearchsayscoupleswhodon'tgetboggeddownwithday-to-daybudgetingdetailsareusuallythemostsuccessfulwiththeirmoney."Youcan'tsaytothespender,Okay,youcanonlyspend$50amonth.It'slikeputtingpeopleonadietwheretheycanlastforawhilebutthentheyjustbingeandeataloafofbread.Thespenderwillsay,"I'llcutback.Andthentheystartcuttingouttheextracupofcoffee.Butit'srarelythecoffeethatputsthemindebt.It’sthehometheycan'taffordortheeartheyshouldn'tbedriving."

Allvinerecommendssortingyourbigdreams-startingabusiness,owningahome,savingforavacation-intocategories,orbuckets."Whenyounamethebucket,youknowwhatthatmoneyisfor,andyouwon'tuseitforanythingelse.That'showcouplesgettotheirgoals-theypaythemselvesfirstforthebigthings."

Everyoneneedstheprenuptial(結婚前的)talk.Astoday'scouplesmarrylater,orremarry,theyfacebigchallengescombiningresources.Onespousemaybringchildrenfromapreviousmarriage;anothermightbecaringforelderlyparents.Thenew-thinksays,richornot,youmayneedaprenuptialagreement."Itmakessensetothinkthingsthroughearlyon,"saysMellodyHobson,presidentofArielCapitalManagementinChicago.

ButCarrieSchwab-Pomerantz,co-author,withherfather,CharlesSchwab,ofItPaystoTalk,hasadifferenttake:"Noteveryoneneedstosignaprenuptialdocument-buteveryoneshouldhavetheprenuptialconversation."

Thepoint,saysSchwab-Pomerantz,istogetanideaofeachother'smoneypersonality."Ifsomeonehasalotofdebt,thatcanreflectsomepersonalityissuesthathisorherpartnerneedstoknowabout.Howyoudealwithmoneyisareflection

A.YB.NC.NG

14.FortheentireIditarodrace,asleddogteamhastoeatsomuchasto______.

15.

Ifrhymeisusedinthetaglineandthebrandnameismentioned,makesurethatthenameis______.

16.

Ajournalistsucceedsmoreeasilythanastockbroker.

A.YB.NC.NG

17.

Fiber-opticsystemshouldbebackedupby______.

18.Kunzgaveupsoftwareengineeringmainlybecauseheearnedlessthanthoseinlaworbusinessfielddid.

19.

TherearediscrepanciesbetweentrendsinsurfacetemperaturesandthoseinthetroposphereintheAntarctic.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Thosewhoavoidcompetitivesportsinfavourofnoncompetitivephysicalactivitiesseemtobelookingfor______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.

【B7】

22.

【B4】

23.(42)

24.(35)

A.GhanaiantomatoestastebetterthanBritishones.

B.BritishtomatoesarehealthierthanGhanaianones.

C.Protectingtheenvironmentmaycostalotofmoney.

D.Cuttingdownfoodmilesmaynotnecessarilysavefuel.

25.(24)

A.Hedidn'tunderstandthelecture.

B.Hewantstoborrowhernotesnextweek.

C.Heneedshelpwithamakeupexam,

D.Hewassickandunabletoattend.

26.(34)

A.Garbagefromfood.

B.Oldcars.

C.Emptybottles.

D.Bottleglass.

27.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Ithasnearlygonebankrupt.

B.There'saslumpinthestockmarket.

C.There'sariseinthestockmarket.

D.Themarketisdepressed.

28.(32)

A.ThatshegotalotofgoodideasfromNancy

B.Thatsheisworkinghappilyatherpresentjob.

C.ThatclothesfromNancy'sofficehelpedtogetherajob

D.That"DressforSuccess"hasagoodbusinessrelationwithherfirm

29.聽力原文：W:Hi,Sam,IhatetobotheryoubutIwonderifIcouldhaveawordwithyou?

M:Soundssoserious.What'sup?

W:Well,thelandlordjustinformedmethathe'sgoingtoincreaseourrentbytwohundred.I'mwonderinghowyoufeelaboutit.

M:HowdoIfeelaboutitNoway!inourtenancyagreement,itsayshewillhavetogiveusanoticethreemonthsinadvanceifhewantstoincreasetherent.

W:Yeah,that'sright!It'sgottabethreemonthslater.Well,Ithinkherealizeshisrentalfeeisbelowthemarketrateandhemustbefeelingabitrippedoffwhenhecouldbechargingacouplehundredextra.WhatdoyouthinkSam?

M:Goodquestion.I'mnotsureeither.Thelocationwe'reatnowisquiteconvenient.Closetothegroceryandnearthesubway.It'llbehardtofindanotherlocationlikethisone.

W:Iwonderwhetherhe'llallowroomfornegotiation.Perhapsahundreddollarsinsteadoftwo.Maybehemightbemorewillingtogiveabitifwespeaktohimrightway.

M:Well,beseemstobeaniceguytotalkto.Butwhatifberefuses?Wouldyougofortwothen?

W:Well,IguessIwould,sinceit'llbehardtofindsuchaconvenientlocation.Besides,It'sclosetomyschool-andit'sclosetomyschoolandIcansleepalittlelater

M:Ha!Ifiguredthat'swhatyou'dbeconcernedabout.Well,Ihavetogiveitsomeseriousthought.I'mnotsureIcanaffordtocoughupanextrahundredamonthjusttomakesureIcansleepinanextra15minutes.W:Didn'tyougetyourloanrecently?That'llcoverwhatyouneed.Besides,ifyoucouldjuststopspendingsomuchoncafeteriasnacksyou'dhavelotsofmoneytospare.

M:Yeah,butI'mthinkingofgettinganewlaptop.

W:Well,Itellyou,therearen'talotofapartmentsthatarecheaper,evenwiththisnewincrease.

M:Iknow,sowhendoeshewantustocomebackonthis?

W:Hetoldmetolethimknowthisweekend.

M:Sure,bythenIshouldbeabletomakeupmymind.

(20)

A.Wheretheyshouldmove.

B.Howtonegotiatewiththelandlord.

C.Howtofighttheincrease.

D.Whethertoacceptanincreaseinrentormove.

30.聽力原文：M:You'renotstillwatchingtelevision,areyou?

W:Ienjoyyourtelevision--I'llhavetowatchlotsmorewhileI'mhere.Thecamera-workwasverygood.Itlookedliketheworkofrealexperts.Er...howlonghastelevisionbeengoinginBritain?

M:Oh,since1936.

W:Ah!

M:(19)OnlyintheLondonareaatthattime,though.Therewasn'tanytelevisionduringtheSecondWorldWar.Itstartedupagainafterwards.TheBBCwastheorganizationresponsibleforit.

W:WhatdotheinitialsBBCstandfor?

M:(20)BritishBroadcastingCorporation.It'sapubliccorporation.Itisn'tcontrolledbythegovernment,butit'snotaprivatecompanyeither.Thatmeansthatthegovernmentcan'tusetheBBCforpropagandapurpose,andnorcanprivateindividualsorfirms.

W:Isthereanyadvertising?

M:NotontheBBC,ITVgetsitsmoneyfromadvertising,though.

W:ITV?

M:ITVstandsforIndependentTelevision.Itwasstartedin1954againintheLondonarea.Itcoversthewholecountrynow,though.

W:Whatdopeoplethinkoftheadvertisementsontelevision?

M:Itdepends.Alotofpeoplethinkit'sagoodideabecauseitmeansthattelevisioncanpayitsway--theITVgetsallitsmoneyfromtheadvertisements.

W:WhatabouttheBBC?

M:YouhavetopayaTVlicenseof￡7ayearthatgoestotheBBC.Or￡12forcolor.Alotofpeopledon'tlikehavingtopayandwishthattherewereadvertisementsontheBBCtoo.Ontheotherhand,(21)otherpeoplehateTVadvertisingbecausetheythinkit'saninsulttotheirintelligence.

(20)

A.Therewastelevision,butnotinLondon.

B.TherewasnotelevisionanywhereinEngland.

C.Therewastelevision,butonlyintheLondonarea.

D.TherewastelevisionsomewhereinBritain.

31.聽力原文：M:It'sthemildestdayinthiswinter.Doyouwanttogoforabikerideaftertheclass?

W:Whencouldwestartatthelatest?Today'slastclassisanexperimentclassanditoftenrunslate.

Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?

(18)

A.Shemightbelateforherexperimentclass.

B.Shedoesn'thaveabike.

C.Shemightbedelayedbyherlastclass.

D.Shemightbelateforherexperimentclass.

32.【B8】

33.

【B10】

34.聽力原文：M：Intheolddays，peopletookprideintheirownworkandbuiltthingsbythemselves.

W：Nowadaysyou'reluckyiftheydon'tfallapartbeforeyougetthemhome．

Q：Howdotheyfeelaboutproductsmanufacturednowadays?

(14)

A.Satisfiedwiththeirprice.

B.Displeasedwiththeirquality.

C.Pleasedwithmodernmass-productiontechniques.

D.Displeasedwiththeirtechnologicalcomplexity.

35.(36)

A.Theywouldhavemoneyhandyinmanydifferentplaces.

B.Theywouldleaveittolatergenerations.

C.Itwouldbekeptsafe.

D.Theywouldgetridofitpermanently.

36.聽力原文：W:Canyoudropbythelabforaminute?IhavesomeexperimentsrunningthatIneedtocheckonbeforedinner.

M:Sure,Ihaveplentyoftime.I'dbeinterestedtoseewhatyouareworkingonanyway.

Q:Whatwilltheydo?

(15)

A.Gotothelabbriefly.

B.Cheekonwhat'sfordinner.

C.Gorunningbeforetheyeat.

D.Seeiftheyhaveplentyofwork.

37.(22)

A.Wearingarmweightswhileyouareswimming.

B.Joggingvigorouslyinoneplaceforalongtime.

C.Usingbicyclesthatrequireyoutousebothyourarmsandlegs.

D.Walkingslowlywhileswingingyourarmsbackandforth.

38.(28)

A.BecauseDarwinhadgotalotoffacts.

B.BecauseDarwincondemnedthemenofthechurchesfortheirnonsense.

C.BecauseDarwinwasnotareligiousbeliever.

D.BecauseDarwin'sstoryoftheworldwasdifferentfromtheirs.

39.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

聽力原文：Opinionsvarywidelyconcerningworkplaceromances.Someorganizations,ontheassumptionthatromanticrelationshipsarebasicallyharmfultothesuccessoftheworkplace,haveexplicitrules(36)prohibitingsuchrelationships.

Onthepositiveside,theworkenvironmentseemsaperfectplacetomeetapotentialromanticpartner.Afterall,by(37)virtueofthefactthatyou'reworkinginthesameoffice,you'reprobablybothinterestedinthesamefield,havesimilartrainingand(38)ambitions,andwillspend(39)considerabletimetogether—allfactorsthat(40)fosterthedevelopmentofasuccessfulinterpersonalrelationship.

Similarly,officeromancescanleadtogreaterwork(41)satisfaction.Iftherelationshipisagoodoneandonethatis(42)mutuallysatisfying,theindividualsarelikelytodevelopempathyforeachotherandactinwaysthataresupportive,(43)cooperative,andfriendly.

However,evenwhentherelationshipisagoodoneforthetwoindividuals,itmaynotbegoodforotherworkers.(44)Seeingthelovingcoupleeverydayineverywaymaygenerateofficegossipthatmayprovedestructive.

Whentheromancegoesbadorwhenit'sone-sided,thereareevenmoredisadvantages.Oneobviousproblemisthat(45)itcanbestressfulfortheformerpartnerstoseeeachotherregularlyandperhapstoworktogether.Otherworkersmayfeeltheyhavetotakesides,beingsupportiveofonepartnerandcriticaloftheother.Thiscaneasilycausefrictionthroughouttheorganization.(46)Anotherandperhapsmoreseriousissueisthepotentialforchargesofsexualharassment,especiallyiftheromanceisbetweenasupervisorandaworker.

Opinionsvarywidelyconcerningworkplaceromance.Someorganizations,ontheassumptionthatromanticrelationshipsarebasicallyharmfultothesuccessoftheworkplace,haveexplicitrules【36】suchrelationships.

Onthepositiveside,theworkenvironmentseemsaperfectplacetomeetapotentialromanticpartner.Afterall,by【37】ofthefactthatyou'reworkinginthesameoffice,you'reprobablybothinterestedinthesamefield,havesimilartrainingand【38】,andwillspend【39】timetogether-allfactorsthat【40】thedevelopmentofasuccessfulinterpersonalrelationship.

Similarly,officeromancescanleadtogreaterwork【41】Iftherelationshipisagoodoneandonethatis【42】satisfying,theindividualsarelikelytodevelopempathyforeachotherandactinwaysthataresupportive,【43】,andfriendly.

However,evenwhentherelationshipisagoodoneforthetwoindividuals,itmaynotbegoodforotherworkers.【44】.

Whentheromancegoesbadorwhenit'sone-sided,thereareevenmoredisadvantages.Oneobviousproblemisthat【45】.Otherworkersmayfeeltheyhavetotakesides,beingsupportiveofonepartnerandcriticaloftheother.Thiscaneasilycausefrictionthroughouttheorganization.【46】especiallyiftheromanceisbetweenasupervisorandaworker.

(37)

40.

【B6】

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.Despitetheworseningglobaleconomy,thenumberofEuropeansusingfibrebroadband______

42.

Form.thetextwecaninferthat______.

A.theauthorisinfavoroftheyounggeneration

B.theauthor'sattitudeisveryambiguous

C.theauthorisfortheoldgeneration

D.theauthorisimpartial

43.

Accordingtothepassage,therisingpricesofhousingandotherassetswerecausedby______.

44.

WhatimpressedtheauthormostwhenhewenttowatchthelionsintheGirForest?

A.Theirfriendliness.

B.Theirsize.

C.Theirintimacy.

D.Theirvitality

45.

Theytransporttheirhivestoorangegroveswherefarmers______beekeepersforplacingthemontheirland.

46.

Theauthormakestheobservationthatpeoplebuildtheformalsystemtodealwithsocialproblemsbecausethey______.

A.believethatspecializedworkshouldbeputintothespecialists'hands

B.areafraidthatsimilarproblemsmayhappentothemoneday

C.hopethattheirpersonallivesandworkwillnotbedisrupted

D.havetoworkandhavenotimetotakecareofthepatients

47.(57)

48.

Thetitle,"TheSecretofAmerica"refersto______.

A.thefifty-fivemenwhoframedtheConstitution

B.thewisdomthatspeakstousinourConstitutionthatmadeAmericanwhatitis

C.theyear1787

D.Madison,Mason,Sherman,Wilson,Morris,andHamilton-menwhohadconsiderableinfluenceinthedraftingoftheConstitution

49.

FrankSiegmund'sfirstundergroundroomwasusedfor______.

50.

【C5】

51.

Theauthor'spresentationofthepositivesideofhighheelsismeantto______.

A.beironic

B.pokefunatwomen

C.befairtothefashionindustry

D.makehispointconvincing

52.

Accordingtothispassage,ParadiseLostiswrittenforthepurposeof______.

A.praisingGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.criticizingthecruelnessofBritishruler

C.changingpeople'sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

D.expressinghissupportforthefightofSatan

53.

Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitletotthisarticle?

A.VoltaireandtheAppleStory.

B.VoltaireandNewton.

C.TheControversyontheAppleStory.

D.NewtonandtheAppleStory.

54.

WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesimilaritybetweentheyouthmarketsofEuropeandAmerica?

A.Youthfulproductsareverypopular.

B.Theyoungstersgoafterdiversities.

C.Theyoungsterspursueclothingofbizarreandpeculiarstyle.

D.Worshiptothestarsinfluencestheyoungconsumersgreatly.

55.

Awit'stongue,islikeadonkey'sstickinthatboth______.

A.considertheirvictim'sfeelings

B.aregentlypersuasive

C.goadtheirvictims

D.areusedwithdefinitepurpose

56.

Slowweightliftersarerequiredtomakeeachrep______.

A.withoutusinganydrivingforce

B.withoutmovementoftheirbody

C.withunbearableironweights

D.withthefeelingofmusclefailure

57.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Occasionalself-medicationhasalwaysbeenpartofnormalliving.Themakingandsellingofdrugshavealonghistoryandarecloselylinked,likemedicalpracticeitself,withthebeliefinmagic.Onlyduringthelasthundredyearsorsohasthedevelopmentofscientifictechniquesmadeitpossibleforsomeofthecausesofsymptomstobeunderstood,sethatmoreaccuratediagnosishasbecomepossible.Thedoctorisnowabletofollowupthecorrectdiagnosisofmanyillnesseswithspecifictreatmentoftheircauses.Inmanyotherillnesses,ofwhichthecausesremainunknown,itisstilllimited,liketheunqualifiedprescriber,tothetreatmentofsymptoms.Thedoctoristrainedtodecidewhentotreatsymptomsonlyandwhentoattackthecause:thisistheessentialdifferencebetweenmedicalprescribingandself-medication.

Theadvanceoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmuchprogressinsomefieldsofmedicine,includingthedevelopmentofscientificdrugtherapy.Inmanycountriespublichealthorganizationisimprovingandpeople'snutritionalstandardshaverisen.Parallelwithsuchbeneficialtrendshavetwoadverseeffects.Oneistheuseofhigh-pressureadvertisingbythepharmaceuticalindustry,whichbastendedtoinfluencebothpatientsenddoctorsandhasledtotheoveruseofdrugsgenerally.Theotheristheemergenceofthesedentarysocietywithitsfaultywaysoflife:lackofexercise,over-eating,unsuitableeating,insufficientsleep,excessivesmokinganddrinking.Peoplewithdisordersarisingfromfaultyhabitssuchasthese,aswellasfromunhappyhumanrelationships,oftenresorttoself-medicationandsoaddthetakingofpharmaceuticalstothelist.Advertisersgotogreatlengthstocatchthismarket.

Cleveradvertising,aimedatchronicsuffererswhowilltryanythingbecausedoctorshavenotbeenabletocurethem,caninducesuchfaithinapreparation,particularlyifsteeplypriced,thatitwillproduce—bysuggestion—averyrealeffectinsomepeople.Advertisementsarealsoaimedatpeoplesufferingfrommildcomplaints,suchassimplecoldsandcoughs,whichclearupbythemselveswithinashorttime.

Thesearethemainreasonswhylaxatives,indigestionremedies,painkillers,tonics,vitaminandirontabletsandmanyotherpreparationsarefoundinquantityinmanyhouseholds.Itisdoubtfulwhethertakingthesethingseverimprovesaperson'shealth;itmayevenmakeitworse.Worsebecausethepreparationmaycontainunsuitableingredients;worsebecausethetakermaybecomedependentonthem;worsebecausetheymightbetakeninexcess;worsebecausetheymaycausepoisoning,andworseofallbecausesymptomsofsomeseriousunderlyingcausemaybemaskedandthereforemedicalhelpmaynotbesought.

Thefastparagraphisintendedto______.

A.suggestthatself-medicationhasalonghistory

B.definewhatdiagnosismeansexactly

C.praisedoctorsfortheirexpertise

D.tellthesymptomsfromthecauses

58.

Populationwillberedistributedasaresultof______.

A.themetropolitanstrategy

B.thefrontierstrategy

C.neitherthefrontierstrategynorthemetropolitanstrategy

D.boththefrontierstrategyandthemetropolitanstrategy

59.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyou