二肽及環(huán)二肽基小分子凝膠因子的合成與凝膠化性能研究二肽及環(huán)二肽基小分子凝膠因子的合成與凝膠化性能研究

摘要：在現(xiàn)代材料科學(xué)和生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，發(fā)展高性能低毒小分子凝膠因子是一項(xiàng)重要的任務(wù)。本文研究了二肽及環(huán)二肽基小分子凝膠因子的合成與凝膠化性能，分別選取了5種二肽和5種環(huán)二肽結(jié)構(gòu)單元，通過(guò)加入丙烯酸酯官能基和季銨鹽官能基，合成了一系列具有不同結(jié)構(gòu)和特性的凝膠因子。通過(guò)FT-IR、1HNMR、13CNMR等方法進(jìn)行了凝膠因子的純度鑒定及結(jié)構(gòu)表征。凝膠性能的研究表明，最佳的凝膠化條件為10mg/mL凝膠因子、PBSpH7.4緩沖液、37℃孵育24h。對(duì)凝膠性能進(jìn)行了力學(xué)測(cè)試，結(jié)果表明，合成的凝膠因子在一定濃度范圍內(nèi)具有優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能和穩(wěn)定性。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，所合成的凝膠因子可以應(yīng)用于藥物控釋、生物醫(yī)學(xué)材料、化妝品等領(lǐng)域。

關(guān)鍵詞：二肽；環(huán)二肽：凝膠因子；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)；力學(xué)性能；應(yīng)用研究

二肽及環(huán)二肽基小分子凝膠因子的合成與凝膠化性能研究

Abstract:Developinghigh-performanceandlow-toxicsmallmoleculargelatorsinmodernmaterialsscienceandlifescienceisanimportanttask.Inthispaper,thesynthesisandgelationpropertiesofdipeptide-basedandcyclo-dipeptide-basedsmallmoleculargelatorswerestudied.Fivedipeptideandfivecyclo-dipeptidestructureunitswereselected,andaseriesofgelatorswithdifferentstructuresandpropertiesweresynthesizedbyaddingacrylicesterfunctionalgroupsandquaternaryammoniumsaltfunctionalgroups.FT-IR,1HNMR,13CNMRandothermethodswereusedforpurityidentificationandstructuralcharacterizationofgelators.Thegelationpropertieswereinvestigated,andtheoptimalgelationconditionswerefoundtobe10mg/mLgelator,PBSpH7.4buffersolution,andincubationat37℃for24h.Themechanicalpropertiesofthegelatorweretested,andtheresultsshowedthatthesynthesizedgelatorshaveexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandstabilityinacertainconcentrationrange.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthatthesynthesizedgelatorscanbeappliedindrugrelease,biomedicalmaterials,cosmetics,andotherfields.

Keywords:dipeptide;cyclo-dipeptide;gelator;structuraldesign;mechanicalproperties;applicationresearchGelatorshaveattractedsignificantattentioninrecenttimesowingtotheirwiderangeofapplicationsindrugdelivery,tissueengineering,andcosmetics.Amongvarioustypesofgelators,dipeptidesandcyclo-dipeptidesareofparticularinterestduetotheiruniquestructuralcharacteristics,includinghydrogenbondingandπ–πinteractions,whichfacilitatetheformationofsupramolecularstructuresinaqueoussolutions.Inthisstudy,wesynthesizedaseriesofdipeptideandcyclo-dipeptidegelatorsviastructuraldesignandevaluatedtheirmechanicalpropertiesandstabilityindifferentconcentrations.

Thesynthesisofgelatorswasaccomplishedviasolid-phasepeptidesynthesis(SPPS).WefirstdesignedtheaminoacidsequenceofthegelatorsandthensynthesizedthepeptidechainsusingastandardFmoc-basedSPPSprotocol.Next,wecyclizedthepeptidestoformcyclo-dipeptidesbytreatmentwithacouplingreagent.Thecyclo-dipeptideswerethendissolvedinwatertoformgels,whichweresubjectedtocharacterizationbyvarioustechniques.

Themechanicalpropertiesofthesynthesizedgelatorswereinvestigatedusingrheologicalmeasurements.Byvaryingtheconcentrationofthegelators,weobservedthegelationbehaviorandthecorrespondingmechanicalproperties,suchasgelstrength,viscosity,andelasticity.Theresultsshowedthatthesynthesizedgelatorsexhibitedexcellentmechanicalpropertiesinacertainconcentrationrange,indicatingtheirpotentialaseffectivegelatorsforvariousapplications.

Wealsoevaluatedthestabilityofthegelatorsbysubjectingthemtodifferentenvironmentalconditions,includingvariationsintemperatureandpH.Theresultsshowedthatthegelatorsremainedstableunderdifferentconditions,whichfurtherconfirmedtheirpotentialaseffectivegelatorsinvariousapplications.

Inconclusion,thisstudyhighlightsthesynthesisandevaluationofdipeptideandcyclo-dipeptidegelatorsviastructuraldesign.Thesynthesizedgelatorsexhibitedexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandstability,whichmakesthemsuitableforvariousapplications,includingdrugdelivery,tissueengineering,andcosmetics.FuturestudieswillfocusonexploringthepotentialofthesegelatorsforthedevelopmentofadvancedbiomaterialswithimprovedpropertiesMoreover,thepotentialtoxicityandbiocompatibilityofthesegelatorsneedtobefurtherinvestigated,especiallyfortheiruseinbiomedicalapplications.Theeffectsofgelatorconcentration,incubationtime,andcelltypeoncellviabilityandproliferationshouldbestudied.Additionally,theinfluenceofenvironmentalfactors,suchastemperature,pH,andenzymaticactivity,onthegelpropertiesandtheirimpactoncellsandtissuesshouldbethoroughlyevaluated.Thesedatawillprovidecrucialinformationonthesafetyandefficacyofthesegelatorsforinvivoapplications.

Anotherinterestingdirectionforfutureresearchistheincorporationoffunctionalgroupsormoleculesintothegelatorstructure,whichcanenablespecificinteractionswithcells,tissues,ordrugs.Forexample,peptidescontainingcelladhesionmoietiesorgrowthfactorscanbeconjugatedtothegelatorbackbonetoenhancecellattachment,migration,anddifferentiation.Alternatively,drugmoleculescanbeincorporatedintothegelmatrixtoachievesustainedreleaseandtargeteddelivery.Suchmodificationscangreatlyexpandthepotentialapplicationsofthesegelatorsandprovidenewsolutionstobiomedicalchallenges.

Furthermore,theuseofdipeptideandcyclo-dipeptidegelatorsincombinationwithotherbiomaterials,suchaspolymers,ceramics,ormetals,canleadtothedevelopmentofcompositematerialswithimprovedstructuralandfunctionalproperties.Forinstance,thegelatorcanserveasabinderforceramicparticlesorasascaffoldforpolymerfibers,therebyenhancingthemechanicalstrengthandstabilityofthecomposite.Moreover,thecombinationofdifferentmaterialscangeneratesynergisticeffects,suchasenhancedbioactivity,conductivity,orantibacterialproperties,whichcanbeusefulforvariousapplications.

Overall,dipeptideandcyclo-dipeptidegelatorsrepresentapromisingclassofbiomaterialswithexcellentmechanicalproperties,biocompatibility,andversatility.Theirsynthesisandevaluationviastructuraldesignpavethewayforthedevelopmentofadvancedmaterialsforvariousfields,includingbiomedicine,tissueengineering,andcosmetics.Futureresearchshouldfocusoninvestigatingtheirbiocompatibility,functionalization,andcompositeswithothermaterialsforenhancedpropertiesandnovelapplicationsAsidefromtheirpotentialapplicationsinbiomedicine,tissueengineering,andcosmetics,peptidegelatorsalsoholdpromiseinotherareassuchasoptoelectronics,energystorage,andsensors.Forinstance,researchershavedemonstratedtheuseofpeptide-basedhydrogelsasscaffoldsforoptoelectronicdevicesduetotheirhighporosity,flexibility,andbiocompatibility.Similarly,peptidegelatorshavebeenexploredaspromisingmaterialsforenergystorageapplications,suchassupercapacitorsandbatteries,duetotheirhighspecificsurfaceareaandtunableelectrochemicalproperties.

Functionalizationofpeptidegelatorsthroughchemicalmodificationisanotherareaofresearchthatisgainingprominence.Thisinvolvesintroducingspecificfunctionalgroupsontothepeptidebackbonetoimpartadditionalpropertiessuchasresponsivenesstoexternalstimuli,adhesiontospecificsubstrates,andenhancedbiocompatibility.Oneexampleofthisistheincorporationofphotosensitivemoietiesontopeptidegelators,allowingthemtoundergogel-soltransitionsunderlightstimuli.OtherapproachesincludetheuseofpeptidesequencesthatareresponsivetochangesinpH,temperature,orions,therebyallowingforthefabricationofsmartgelswithtunableproperties.

Thedevelopmentofpeptidegelatorcompositesisanotherareaofresearchwithsignificantpotential.Incorporatingpeptidegelswithothermaterialssuchasmetals,ceramics,orpolymerscanenhancetheirmechanical,electrical,oropticalproperties.Forinstance,researchershaveexploredtheuseofpeptidegelatorhybridsforbonetissueengineering,wherethepeptidegelatorscaffoldisreinforcedwithceramicnanoparticlesforimprovedmechanicals