初中英語被動語態（精講+精練）二、變被動句步驟1、把原主動句中的賓語變為被動句的主語2、把動詞變為被動形式即be+過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數隨主語的變化，而動詞的時態則保持不變。3、原主動句的主語如需要則放在by后面以它的賓格形式出現（注代詞的賓格），如不需要則可省略。4、其它的成分（定語、狀語）不變。主動語態變為被動語態例句：一般現在時：主：Webelievehim,被：Heisbelievedbyus.一般過去時：主：Heboughthischildrensomepens.被：Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.一般將來時：主：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被:Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone,現在進行時：主：Maryismakingadoll,被：AdollisbeingmadebyMary.過去進行時：主:Theywerecarryingthehurtplayer.被:Thehurtplayerwasbeingcarriedbythem.現在完成時：主：Hehasreceivedtheletter.被:Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.過去完成時：主：Theyhadbuilttenbridges,被：Tenbridgeshadbeenbuiltbythem.三、一般用法.一般現在時的被動語態構成：is/am/are+及物動詞的過去分詞Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.很實用Iamaskedtostudyhardbymymother.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings..一般過去時的被動語態構成：was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞Thenewshopwasbuiltlastyear.Dinosaureggswerelaidlonglongago..現在完成時的被動語態構成：has/have+been+及物動詞的過去分詞Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.Manyman-madesatelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.4.一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Anewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcity.Manymoretreeswillbeplantednextyear..含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Youngtreesmustbewateredoften.Yourmistakesshouldbecorrectedrightnow.Thedoormaybelockedinside.Yourhomeworkcanbehandedintomorrow..現在進行時的被動語態構成：am/is/are+being+及物動詞的過去分詞UncleWangismendingmybikenow.—MybikeisbeingrepairedbyTomnow.Theyareplantingtreesoverthere.—Treesarebeingplantedovertherebythem.7.不定式的被動語態：to+be+及物動詞的過去分詞Therearetwobookstoberead.—Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted,四、特殊用法1.不及物動詞無被動語態。如：happen,breakdown,comeout……Whatwillhappenin100years.Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。如：write,sell,ride..…Thispenwriteswell.Thisnewbooksellswell.3,感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶“to”，但變為被動語態時，須加上飛。”。例：makesomebodydosomething—somebody+be+madetodosomethingseesomebodydosomething—somebody+be+seentodosomethingAgirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.—Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.—Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.很實用4.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語（物）作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。Hegavemeabook.—Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.—Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.—Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.5.一些動詞短語用于被動語態時，動詞短語應看作一個整體而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。Wecan’tlaughathim.—Hecan’tbelaughedatbyus.Helistenstotheradioeveryday.—Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.Thenurseistakingcareofthesickman.—Thesickmanisbeingtakencareofbythenurse.五、帶雙賓語在用于被動結構時，有些動詞可以帶雙賓語。在這種情況下，主動結構中的間接賓語變為主語時，直接賓語仍然保留在謂語后面；直接賓語變為主語時，間接賓語前通常加上介詞for/to,etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO—IO+bedone+DO—DO+bedone+prep.+IO1.g.1)Myunclegavemeagiftonmybirthday.—Iwasgivenagiftonmybirthday.—Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.1.Weoftenhearhimplayguitar.—Heisoftenheardtoplayguitar.—Itisoftenheardfromhimtoplayguitar.六、新興形式Get+過去分詞也可以構成被動語態，用這種結構的句子側重于動作的結果而不是動作本身。如：Themangothurtonhiswayhome.那個男人在回家的路上受傷了。Howdidtheglassgetbroken?杯子怎么破了？Get+過去分詞的被動語態是一種新興的被動語態形式；相對來說它的使用還沒有Be+過去分詞構成的被動語態那么廣泛，一般限于口語和非正式書面語；但它卻有著用得愈來愈多的趨勢，是一種生氣蓬勃的語言現象。七、特別提醒有些動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語，但改為被動結構后要加上^0"。Weheardhimsinginhisroomjustnow.——Hewasheardtosinginhisroomjustnow.needdoingsomething也表示被動被動語態專項練習一、將下列句子變為被動語態。1.Heoftenhelpshisbrother.PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.Theyfoundedthathospitalin1996.Hewasdoinghishomeworkatthistimeyesterday.很實用Heaskedmetoworkonthefarmwithhim.Myfatherismendingmybike.Thewriterhaswrittenmanystoriesforthatmagazine.We’regoingtoholdameetingthisafternoon.Hismotherhadtoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.Theyshoulddoitatonce.二、單選ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2EnglishinCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsongbythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4ThiskindofcarinJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputersallovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommustclean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.—.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouseatthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey—onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors―ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbooknextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japaneseineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapersyet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeetbehelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?很實用()16―thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17—thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why―totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20WheretheseboxesA.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowersoften.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmayfortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23ThebrokenbikeherebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()24Theoldbridgeinmyhometownnextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuilt