Unit4SectionAdemocracyn.[U]asystemofgovernmentinwhichpeoplevoteinelectionstochoosethepeoplewhowillgovernthem民主；民主政體Thiswasahistoricmoment,afterwhichthecountryhasbeenmovingtowarddemocracy,這是一個歷史性時刻，此后該國一直朝著民主前進。asystemofrunningabusinessororganizationinwhicheveryonecanvoteandshareinmakingdecisions民主管理Withouttheabilitytothinkcriticallyandtodefendtheirideas,youngpeoplewillnotbeabletofullyparticipateindemocracy.如果沒有能力進行批判思維，沒有能力捍衛自己的思想，年輕人就不能充分參與民主管理。congressmann.[C]sb.whoisamemberoftheUSCongress,esp.theHouseofRepresentatives（美國）國會議員，（尤指）眾議員Adamsbecamethefirstcongressmantoasserttherightofthegovernmenttofreeslavesduringatimeofwar.亞當斯成為了第一位主張政府有權在戰爭時期解放奴隸的國會議員。constituentn.[C]sb.whovotesinaparticulararea選區的選民Whenthevotewasannounced,alltheconstituentsbrokeintocheers.當宣布投票結果時，所有的選民都歡呼起來。oneofthesubstancesorthingsthatcombinetoformsth.成分；構成部分Caffeineistheactiveconstituentofdrinkssuchasteaandcoffee.咖啡因是茶和咖啡這類飲品的活性成分。a.（onlybeforenoun）（fml.）beingoneofthepartsofsth.構成的ScotlandisoneoffourconstituentunitswhichformtheUnitedKingdom.蘇格蘭是聯合王國的四個組成部分之一。segregatevt.separateonepartofaplaceorthingfromanother使（地方或東西中的一部分）分離；使隔離Women'sdressdepartmentsaresegregatedfromthemisses'departmentsinmanyretailestablishments.在很多零售商店，婦女服裝部和少女服裝部是分開的。separateonegroupofpeoplefromothers,esp.becausetheyareofadifferentrace,sex,orreligion（尤指因種族、性別、宗教不同而）使分開，使分離，使隔離ThestudentsweresegregatedaccordingtotheirproficiencyinEnglish.學生按英語水平的不同進行了劃分。consolidatev.1combinethingsinordertomakethemmoreeffectiveoreasiertodealwith合并；統一Theyconsolidatedfiveprovincestoformthreenewones.他們把五個省合并成了三個新的省。2strengthenthepositionofpowerorsuccessthatyouhave,sothatitbecomesmoreeffectiveorcontinuesforlonger加強，鞏固(取得的權力、成功等)Maythefriendshiptiesbetweenourtwocountriesbefurtherdevelopedandconsolidated!希望我們兩國間友誼的紐帶能夠得到進一步發展和鞏固!differentiatev.recognizeorexpressthedifferencebetweenthingsorpeople區分；區另ijShehaslearnedtodifferentiatethetwokindsofroses.她已經學會了區分這兩種玫瑰。vt.bethequalityorfactthatmakesonethingorpersonclearlydifferentfromanother構成...間的差別；使…不同于Theabilitytospeakdifferentiateshumansfromotheranimals.言語能力使人類有別于其他動物。definitivea.(usu.beforenoun)betterthanallothers最好的Themuseumcatalogcangivedefinitivehelpastowhatbooksareavailableonthistopic.關于這個話題會有些什么書，博物館目錄可以給予最好的幫助。certainandunlikelytochange確定的；最后的；決定性的Thegovernmentstillwon'tgiveadefinitiveanswerastowhenitwillsolvetheissue.關于這個問題何時解決，政府仍然不會給出確定的答案。sanea.reasonableandbasedonsensiblethinking明智的；清醒的Theytaughtmehowtoremainsaneunderpressure.他們教會了我如何在面臨壓力時保持清醒。abletothinkinanormalandreasonableway心智健全的；神志正常的Hewasperfectlysanewhenhecommittedthecrime.他犯罪時神志完全正常。ecologicala.(usu.beforenoun)relatingtotheenvironmentandthewayplants,animals,andhumanslivetogetherandaffecteachother生態的Theyhavecreatedanambitiousprogramtopreservetheecologicaldiversityoftheirtropicalrainforest.他們制訂了一個雄心勃勃的計劃，要保護他們的熱帶雨林的生態多樣性。ozonen.[U]akindofoxygenthatexistshighintheearth'satmosphere臭氧Anintactozonelayerpreventsabout99percentofthesun'sUVraysfromreachingtheearth.一個完好的臭氧層可以阻止99%的太陽紫外線到達地球表面。depletevt.reducetheamountofsth.orthenumberofthings減少；削減Ifwecontinuetodepletetheearth'snaturalresources,wewillcauseseriousdamagetotheenvironment.如果我們繼續減少地球上的自然資源的話，我們將對環境造成嚴重破壞。depletionn.[U]theactofreducingsth.greatly減少；削減Somescientistsareconvincedthatthedepletionoftheearth'sozonelayerwillcontributetoanincreaseinskincancers.一些科學家確信，地球臭氧層的減少會引起皮膚癌的增加。correlationn.[C,U](fml.)aconnectionorrelationshipbetweentwoormorethingsthatisnotcausedbychance相互關系；聯系；關聯Thesurveyalsostudiedthecorrelationbetweenageandjobsatisfactioninschoolsettings.該調查也研究了學校環境中年齡與工作滿意度之間的關系。ecologyn.[sing.,U]thewayinwhichplants,animals,andpeoplearerelatedtoeachotherandtotheirenvironment,orthescientificstudyofthis生態；生態學Manynationsconcernthemselvesonlywitheconomicdevelopment,regardlessofitseffectontheglobalecology.很多國家只關注經濟發展，而不顧它對全球生態的影響。thermala.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtoorcausedbyheat熱的；熱量的；由熱造成的Thisareaisrichinthermalresources.這一地區的熱能資源很豐富。atlasn.[C]abookofmaps地圖冊Theatlasusesavarietyofgraphicaltechniques,includingtablesandbarcharts.地圖冊應用了各種圖表技術，包括表格和柱狀圖。planetarya.oforrelatingtotheearthasaplanet地球(上)的；全球的；世界范圍的Theplanetarycrisisweareexperiencingtodayrequiresconsistentactioninallfieldsofgovernmentalpolicy.我們今天正在經歷的地球危機需要各個領域的政府政策采取目標一致3的行動方案。oforrelatingtoaplanetorplanets行星的Wenowknowalotmorethaneverbeforeabouttheearlystagesofplanetaryformation.我們現在對行星形成的早期階段的了解要比以前任何時候都多得多。reversiblea.abletoreturnorbechangedtoapreviousstate可逆轉的；可倒轉的Thestudyshowsthattheobesity-relatedcognitiveeffectsmightbepartlyreversible.這項研究表明，肥胖對認知能力所產生的影響或許是部分可逆的。chordn.（strike/toucha?withsb.）produceanemotionsuchassympathyinsb.引起（某人的）共鳴；觸動（某人的）心弦Thefilmstruckachordwithmostoftheaudience.這部電影引起了大多數觀眾的共鳴。[C]twoormoremusicalnotesplayedtogether（音樂的）和弦；和音Themusicbeganwithaloudchord.這首曲子以響亮的和弦開始。regimen.[C]agovernmentthatcontrolsacountry,esp.inastrictorunfairway政權Thepoliticsoftheformerregimewererejectedbythenewgovernmentleadership.新政府領導層摒棄了前政權的政治主張。parametern.[C,usu.pl.]alimitthataffectshowsth.canbedone界限；范圍Asanexperimentalschool,itkeepsexpandingtheparametersofitscurriculum.作為一所實驗學校，它在不斷擴大課程范圍。overta.nothiddenorsecret公開的；公然的Womenbossesstillfaceresistance—bothsubtleandovert.女性上司仍然要遭遇阻力，其中既有隱形的也有公開的。allegevt.saythatsth.istrueorthatsb.hasdonesth.wrongorillegaleventhoughthishasnotbeenproved（未經證實地）宣稱，指責，指控Theaccusedisallegedtohaverobbedabank.據稱，該被告搶劫了一家銀行。incompatiblea.4（oftwothings）soopposedincharacterastobeincapableofexistingtogether不相容的；不兼容的；不協調的Itmustberecognizedthatorganizationsinevitablyhavesomeincompatiblegoals,必須承認，不同的組織有些目標難免會不相協調。dreadfula.causinggreatfearorsuffering;shocking使人震驚的；可怕的Shelookedratherwell,andnotasifshemightbedyingofadreadfuldisease.她看上去不錯，并不像是可能要死于某種可怕的疾病。veryunpleasant糟透了的；非常討厭的Wehavehadsomedreadfulweatherrecently.最近我們這里的天氣糟透了。pletely,esp.sth.bad根除Thehospitalisworkinghardtoeradicatemistakes.這家醫院正在努力消除醫療失誤。sovereigntyn.[U]completefreedomandpowertogovern主權；最高統治權；最高權威Thenewconstitutionaimstoprotectpublicandindividuallibertiesandestablishthesovereigntyoflaw.新憲法旨在保護公眾及個人的自由，并建立法律的最高權威。thepowerthatanindependentcountryhastogovern（國家的）主權，獨立主權Nonationcanclaimsovereigntyoverspace.沒有國家能宣稱對太空擁有主權。coalitionn.[C]agroupofpeoplewhojointogethertoachieveaparticularpurpose,usu.apoliticalone（常為某種政治目的而組成的）聯盟，同盟Ifyouwanttojointhecoalitionagainstterrorism,we'llwelcomeyouin.如果你想加入反恐怖主義聯盟，我們將歡迎你的加入。aunionoftwoormorepoliticalpartiesthatallowsthemtoformagovernmentorfightanelectiontogether（政黨之間的）聯盟，聯合Mr.Clarkhaspledgedonbehalfofthecoalitiongovernmenttopursuesocialreform.克拉克先生已經代表聯盟政府承諾要進行社會改革。legislativea.（onlybeforenoun）concernedwithmakinglaws立法的Inordertounderstandthelegislativeprocess,itisnecessarytoknowsomethingaboutthenatureofthelawmakingbodyitself.為了了解立法過程，有必要對立法機構本身的性質有所了解。legalizationn.[U]theactofmakingsth.legalbycreatinganewlaw合法化Hiswordsarousedaheateddebatearoundthelegalizationofonlinegambling.他的話激起了關于網絡賭博合法化的激烈辯論。propagatevt.spreadanidea,belief,etc.tomanypeople散布，宣傳(觀點、信仰等)Modernmediacanpropagaterumorsmuchmoreeasilythanbefore.現代媒體散布謠言要比以往容易得多。bizarrea.strangeanddifficulttoexplain古怪的；怪誕的；奇異的Theteacherdidn'treporttheboy'sbizarrebehaviortohisparentsimmediately.老師沒有把男孩怪異的舉止立即告知他父母。cariboun.[C]北美馴鹿standoffn.[C]adisagreementorfightinwhichneitheropponentcandoanythingtowinorachievetheiraim僵持；均衡Thepoliceweretryingtobreakupthestandoffbetweentheprotestersandthelocalbusinesspeople.警方正在努力打破抗議者與當地商人之間的僵局。versusprep.(oftwothings)beingcomparedinordertoshowthattheyaredifferentorthatoneisbetterthantheother與…相比ThedebateonNatureversusNurtureisahotissueinsociology,politics,andeveninpeople'severydaylives.關于“先天與后天”的討論在社會學、政界甚至人們的日常生活中都是很熱門的話題。(oftwopeople,groups,orteams)competingagainsteachotherinasportseventoracourtcase(體育比賽或訴訟中)以…為對手ItalyversusJapanturnedouttobeasurprisinglywellmatchedcompetition.意大利隊對日本隊的比賽最終成了一場出人意料的勢均力敵的比賽。negligiblea.veryunimportantorsmall微不足道的；極小的Femaleparticipationinsporthasbeennegligibleuntilrecently.直到最近，女性參與體育運動一直很少。ecosystemn.alltheplantsandanimalsinaparticulararea,consideredasasystemwithpartsthatdependononeanother生態系統Urbanizationhashadaseriousnegativeeffectontheecosystemoftheancienttown.城市化對這個古鎮的生態系統已經造成了嚴重的負面影響。sawn.atoolusedforcuttingwoodormetal,consistingofahandleandametalbladewithseveralsharpteethalongoneedge鋸Tomakethewoodbox,you'llneedsomebasictoolslikeasaw,electricdrill,hammer,etc.要做這個木箱子，你需要一些基本的工具，比如鋸子、電鉆、錘子等。v.（sawed,sawn）cutsth.withasaw（用鋸子）鋸，鋸開Theworkersweresawingoffdeadbranchesfromthetree.工人們正在把枯死的樹枝從樹上鋸下來。chopvt.cutsth.suchasfoodorwoodintosmallerpieces切；劈；砍Mikewouldhelphismotherchopsomefirewoodbeforeshemadethemeals.邁克會在媽媽做飯前幫她劈些柴火。n.asmallpieceofmeatwithaboneinit,usu.fromasheeporapig（羊、豬等）排骨Lambchopswerebothnourishinganddelicious.羊排既有營養又很美味。timbern.woodusedforbuildinghousesormakingfurniture木材；木料Sincethebanonlogging,manypeopleexpectasurgeoftimberimports.自從樹木砍伐遭禁，許多人都預計木材進口會大幅增長。maneuvern.[C]anactionormovementthatyouneedcareorskilltodo細小的動作；巧妙的移動Arapidmaneuverbythedriverpreventedanaccident.司機快速的方向調整避免了一場事故的發生。acleverordishonestactionthatyoudotogetsth.youwant詭計；花招；伎倆Hewontheelectionthankstothemaneuversofhisteam.多虧他的團隊的策略，他才贏得了選舉。v.movesb.orsth.inasituationthatneedscareorskill小心地移動；巧妙地移動Thechallengesfacingthenextmayorareimmense,andtheroomtomaneuverislimited.下任市長面臨的挑戰是巨大的，而且回旋的空間很有限。getsth.youwantbyusigacleverordishonestplan（用巧妙或不誠實的手段）謀得Shemaneuveredhimintoadirtyanddishonestdeal.她使用計策讓他參與了一項骯臟且不誠實的交易。habitatn.[C]thetypeofplacethatananimalnormallylivesinoraplantnormallygrowsin（動物的）棲息地；（植物的）生長地Manyspeciesarebeingthreatenedinthewildduetotheincreasinghabitatdestructionbyman.由于越來越多的棲息地遭到人類破壞，許多野生物種正受到威脅。geologyn.[sing.]thewaythatparticularrocksorareasoftheearth'ssurfaceareformed地質構成；地質結構SomecompaniesareconcernedthatthegeologyinEuropemaymaketheextractionofmineralsmorecomplex,一些公司擔心歐洲的地質結構會使礦物開采變得更加復雜。[U]thescientificstudyofthestructureoftheearth,thewayinwhichitwasformed,andhowithaschangedovertime地質學EverystudentiswelcometoProfessorBaker'sgeologyclass.歡迎各位學生參加貝克教授的地質學課。hierarchyn.[C]（fml.）aseriesofthingsarrangedaccordingtotheirimportance等級系列Maslowhypothesizedahierarchyofneeds,wherebythesatisfactionofalowerneedwillresultinitsbeingreplacedbyahigherneed.馬斯洛提出了需求等級假設，低級需求被滿足后會被更高一級的需求所取代。[C,U]asystemfororganizingpeopleaccordingtotheirstatusinasociety,organization,orothergroup等級制度Therigidhierarchyofpowerinthecompanyeliminatesallpossibilitiesforhimtobepromoted.公司嚴格的權力等級制度使他一點兒升職的可能都沒有。intelligiblea.clearorsimpleenoughtounderstand明白易懂的；可理解的Althoughitwasratherartistic,thisfilmwasnotfullyintelligibletoordinarypeople.雖然很有藝術性，但是這部電影對普通人來說并不十分易懂。Phrasesandexpressionsdifferentiatebetweenidentifydifferencesbetweentwoormorethingsorpeople區分…；把...進行區分Nolongerisheabletodifferentiatebetweenfantasyandreality,andheshouldseekmedicalhelp.他不能區分虛幻和現實了，應該去尋求醫療幫助。takeondevelopaparticularcharacterorappearance呈現（某種特征、面貌等）Therelationsbetweenthetwocountriesmaytakeonanewlook.兩國之間的關系或許會呈現出新面貌。run/goagainstthegrainbecompletelydifferentfromwhatyoufeelisright,natural,ornormalforyou與…格格不入；違反本性Hismusicgenerallyrunsagainstthegrainofwhatismodern.他的音樂總體上與現代音樂格格不入。beincompatiblewith（ofonethingorperson）benotconsistentorabletoexisttogetherwithanother與…不相容的；與…不能共存的Theanti-virussoftwareisincompatiblewithmycomputersystem.這款殺毒軟件與我的電腦系統不兼容。comethroughbestillalive,workingormakingprogressafteradifficultordangerousexperience安然度過（困難或危險）Withsuchaweakheartshewasluckytocomethroughtheoperation,她心臟這么虛弱，能夠熬過手術真是幸運。（ofamessage）besentandreceived（信息或消息等）傳來Atthispoint,Ican'tsaywhatordershavecomethroughandwherethey'regoing.目前，我還說不出傳來了什么命令以及他們將往哪里去。inparttosomedegree,butnotcompletely在某種程度上；部分地Theproject,fundedinpartbyUNESCO,willspanaperiodof12months.由聯合國教科文組織部分出資資助的這一項目期限是12個月。as...asthenextperson/manas...asanyotherpersonorman像其他人一樣Imightlookashonestasthenextperson,butIsometimestelldirtylies.我也許看上去和其他人一樣誠實，但我有時會惡意撒謊。choosesth.oversth.elseprefersth.tosth.else優先選擇（某物）而非（另一物）Inlookingforbusinesspartners,wechoosequalityoverquantity.在尋找商業伙伴方面，我們注重質量而非數量。ata...costatacostofaparticularamount以…的代價；花費...Revenueincreasedbecausericewaspurchasedatalowcostandsoldtoconsumersatafixedhigherprice,由于稻米是以低價買進但以固定的高價賣給消費者的，所以收益得到增加。beboundup/togetherbeconnectedbyqualitiesthatareshared聯系在一起Hefeltthathisfateandthenation'sfatewereboundupinseparably.他感至U他的命運與國家的命運緊密相連，不可分割。beinorderbeasuitablethingtodoorsayonaparticularoccasion適宜，恰當Ithinkaglassofchampagneisinorder,don'tyou?我覺得該來杯香檳，你說呢？becorrectorright妥當，無誤Everythingisinorder.一切都辦妥了。frame/stateofmindthewaysb.isthinkingandfeelingataparticulartime心情；心態Itisimportantforaplayertogointoagamereadyandintherightframeofmind.選手以充分的準備及恰當的心態進場比賽是很重要的。PropernamesTedTurner泰德?特納（1938-,美國有線電視新聞網CNN的創辦者）GeorgeH.W.Bush喬治?赫伯特?沃克?布什（1924-,美國第41任總統）Iowa衣阿華州（又譯作愛荷華州，位于美國中西部）NewMexico新墨西哥州（位于美國南部）Siberia西伯利亞（俄羅斯境內北亞地區的一片廣闊地帶，為北半球冬季最寒冷的地方）Kansas堪薩斯州（位于美國中部）Protagoras普羅泰哥拉（公元前490?一公元前420?,古希臘哲學家）ArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge北極國家野生動物保護區Oregon俄勒岡州（位于美國西北部太平洋沿岸）10SectionBprairien.[C]alargeflatareaincentralNorthAmericacoveredwithgrassandfarmlandbutwithouttrees（北美中部的）大草原，大農場Theyrodeallthewaytotheedgeoftheprairie.他們一路騎著馬來到了大草原的邊緣。debrisn.[U]rubbishorpiecesofuselessmaterialthatmakeaplaceuntidy垃圾；廢物Spacedebrisisanincreasinglyseriousproblem,andscientistsareworkingonpossiblesolutions.太空垃圾是一個日益嚴重的問題，科學家們正在研究可能的解決辦法。thebrokenpiecesthatareleftwhensth.largehasbeendestroyed,esp.byanexplosion,fireoraccident（尤指爆炸、火災或事故后留下的）廢墟，瓦礫堆，殘骸Somefamouspaintingswerefoundinthedebrisoftheapartmentdestroyedintheexplosion.一些名畫在公寓廢墟里被發現，公寓是在爆炸中被毀壞的。convergeefromdifferentdirectionstoreachthesamepoint會合；匯聚Lotsofpeopleconvergedonthetownsquaretocelebratethevictory.許多人匯聚在小鎮的廣場上慶祝勝利。（ofideasoraims）becomethesameorverysimilar（觀點、目標）趨同AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishareconvergingthankstoincreasedtravelacrosstheAtlanticandthemedia.由于大西洋兩岸之間旅行的增加及媒體的影響，美式英語和英式英語越來越趨于一致。shrubn.[C]alowthickbush,esp.onethathasbeenplantedinagarden（尤指種在園子里的）灌木（叢）Sheplantedsomerosesandshrubsinhergarden.她在園子里種了些玫瑰和灌木。vegetationn.[U]（fml.）plantsandtrees植被；植物；草木Desertareasareexpectedtoextend,whichposesagreatthreattothediversityofvegetation.沙漠區域預計將會擴大，這對植被多樣性將造成很大威脅。mattressn.[C]thesoftpartofabedthatyoulieon床墊IwaslyingonamattresstorelaxwhenIheardanexplosionnotfaraway,我正躺在一個墊子上休息，突然聽到不遠處傳來的爆炸聲。11texturen.[C,U]thewaysth.feelswhenyoutouchit手感；質感；質地Thetextureofthenapkinsisslightlyrough.這種紙巾的質地有點粗糙。plean.[C]anurgentoremotionalrequestforsth.懇求；請求；央求Mr.Smithmadeanemotionalpleaforhelpinsolvingthismurder.史密斯先生充滿感情地請求，希望在破獲這樁謀殺案時得到幫助。(legal)astatementthatsb.makesinacourtoflawtosaywhethertheyareguiltyornot(法庭上的)答辯，辯護，申訴Thejudgeacceptedthepleaandsentencedhisbrothertotwoyearsprobation.法官接受了申訴，給他弟弟判了兩年緩刑。presidevi.beinchargeofanofficialmeeting,ceremony,orotherevent主持；主管；負責Theex-mayorhasacceptedtheinvitationtopresideatthemeeting.前市長已經接受了邀請主持會議。impairvt.(fml.)makesth.lessgoodoreffective,esp.bycausingdamagethataffectsthewaysth.works削弱；損害Leadisapoisonwhichimpairsthedevelopmentofthenervesandthebrain.鉛是一種有毒物質，會損害神經和大腦發育。marshn.[C]anareaofsoftwetland沼澤；濕地Inamarsh,surfacewatercangoslowlydownthroughthesoilintotheundergroundrock.在沼澤地，地表水可以通過土壤緩慢流入到地下的巖石中。cranen.[C]alargebirdwithlonglegsandalongneckthatlivesnearwater鸛；鶴；鷺AvisitorreportedthathesawacraneonthereserveonSaturday.有位游客報告說，他星期六在自然保護區看見了一只鸛。averytallmachineusedforliftingormovingheavyobjectsandbuildingtallbuildings起重機；吊車Afterhighschoolhebecameaheavy-craneoperator.高中畢業后，他成了一位重型起重機操作員。12overpassn.[C]（BrEflyover）astructurelikeabridgethatallowsoneroadtogooveranotherroad立交橋；高架公路Howshouldpeopleensuretheirsafetywhengoingthroughanoverpass?人們穿越立交橋時，該怎樣確保自己的安全呢？contaminatevt.makesth.dirty,pollutedorpoisonousbyaddingachemicalorwaste污染；弄臟Thetown'swatersupplyhasbeencontaminatedbychemicalsfromthefactory.鎮上的供水已經被工廠的化學品污染了。affectsth.orsb.inanegativeway玷污；毒害Nowadays,someunhealthyonlineinformationcaneasilycontaminateyoungstudents'minds.當今網上一些不健康的信息很容易毒害年輕學生的思想。vulgara.lackinggoodjudgmentortaste庸俗的；低級的Shewasknownbytherathervulgarnameof"Pretty".她因為有“小美美”這個十分庸俗的名字而被人所知。（ofremarks,jokes,etc.）veryrudeandoffensiveusu.withasexualmeaning（言語、玩笑等）下流的，猥褻的Ifheinsultsarefereelikeme,hewillusethesamevulgarlanguagetootherreferees,如果他能侮辱像我這樣的裁判，他就會對其他裁判使用同樣下流的語言。notbehavingpolitelyinsocialsituations（行為）無禮的，粗俗的，粗野的Laughterhasbeenobjectedtoasvulgarincertainculturesbecause,inlaughing,themouthisopenwideandtheteethareshown.在某些文化中，大笑被認為是粗俗的行為而遭到反對。因為在大笑時，人的嘴巴大張且牙齒也會露出來。zoologicala.oforrelatingtothescientificstudyofanimals動物學的；動物的Theseguysweren'tspecialists,buttheybroughtbackwonderfulzoologicalspecimens.這幫人不是專家，卻帶回了極好的動物標本。mutationn.[C]adistinctformresultingfromachangeinthegenesofaplantoranimal突變體；突變型Themutationsoftheanimalarousedthescientists'interest.這種動物的突變體引起了科學家的興趣。[C,U]achangeinthegenesofaplantoranimalthatcausesittobecomedifferentfromothersofitstype（動物或植物的）突變Hisdiseaseiscausedbyagenemutation.他的病是由基因突變引起的。13antelopen.[C]羚羊grazevi.eatgrassgrowinginafield吃草Thedeerhadbeengrazingquietlytillthebirdscame.這些鳥到來之前，鹿一直在安靜地吃草。vt.putananimalinaplacewhereitcaneatgrass放牧；放?…啃食牧草Ranchersarechargedmonthlyfeestograzecattleandsheep.牧場主放牧牛羊要被收取月費。preyn.[U]ananimalthatiscaughtbyanotheranimalandeaten獵物；捕獲物Huntersareafraidthattoomanypeoplewillfrightenawaytheirprey.獵手們擔心人太多會把他們的獵物嚇跑。sb.thatacriminalordishonestpersonattacks,cheats,orharms（襲擊、欺騙或傷害的）對象，受害者Thosewhoarenotarmedwithknowledgecanbeeasypreyforthesemeanpeople,那些沒有知識武裝的人很容易上這些卑鄙小人的當。slaughtervt.killanimals,esp.fortheirmeat屠宰；宰殺Thegovernmentsaiditwasnecessarytoslaughtertheentireherdofcowstocontaintheoutbreakofthedisease.政府說有必要宰殺整群奶牛以控制疾病爆發。killalotofpeopleinaviolentway屠殺；殺戮；殘殺DuringWorldWarII,millionsofinnocentcivilianswereslaughteredbytheNazis.二戰期間，數百萬無辜平民遭納粹殘殺。（infml.）defeatanopponentthoroughlyorcompletely徹底打敗Theteamwasslaughteredagain,whichcompletelybroketheirdreamtowinthechampionship.這支隊又一次慘敗，完全粉碎了得冠軍的夢想。heoppositepositiontotheoneitwasinbefore,esp.byturningitupsidedown使倒轉;使反向；（尤指）使倒置Sheremindedhersonnottoinvertthebottleincasethewaterinsidecameout,她提醒兒子不要把瓶子倒轉，以免里面的水流出來。obedienta.doingwhataperson,law,orrulesaysyoumustdo服從的；順從的；遵守紀律的Theboyissoobedient,andIdeeplylovehim.這個男孩真聽話，我非常喜歡他。14cordn.[pl.]（vocal-sorvocalchords）theverythinmusclesinsideyourthroatthatyouuseformakingsounds聲帶Shedecidedtohavevocalcordsurgerytochangehervoice.她決定做聲帶手術以改變自己的聲日。[C,U]strongthickstring粗線；細繩Marywaswindingthetelephonecordaroundherfingers.瑪麗正在手指上繞著電話線。repressivea.notallowingtheexpressionoffeelingsordesires,esp.sexualones（尤指性欲）壓抑的，抑制的，克制的Undersuchrepressivecircumstances,itwasimpossibleforwomentorecognizethetrueextentoftheirowncapabilities.在如此壓抑的境況下，婦女是不可能認識到自己能力的真正大小的。2rulingorcontrollingpeoplebytheuseofforceorviolence,orbylawsthatputunreasonablelimitsontheirfreedom（統治或法律）殘酷的，嚴苛的Intherepressiveatmosphereofthetime,themilitaryregardedthemasrebels.在當時那種嚴酷的氛圍下，軍方是把他們看作叛亂分子的。hunchv.（usu.passive）sitorstandwithyourbackandshoulderscurvedforward（使）弓身坐著（或站著）Heissittingbehindhisdesk,hunchedoveralegalpad,writingsomething,他坐在桌子后面，俯身在一本標準拍紙簿上寫著什么東西。detachvt.removeapartfromsth.;separate拆下；使分離Youcandetachthehoodifyoupreferthecoatwithoutit.如果你穿風衣時不喜歡戴風帽的話，你可以把它拆下來。sendagroupofsoldierstoperformaspecialjobseparatelyfromtherestoftheirgroup派遣Severalplanesweredetachedtosearchforsurvivors.有幾架飛機被派遣去搜尋幸存者。detacheda.notfeelinginvolvedwithsb.orsth.inacloseoremotionalway冷淡的；不帶感情的；公正的；超然的Attimes,thesingerseemedtired,butheneverappearedunprofessional,joyless,ordetached.有時候，那位歌手看上去很累，但他從來沒有表現出不專業、不高興或冷漠疏遠。（ofahouseorotherbuilding）notjoinedtoanotheroneitherside（房子）獨立式的，分開的Pricetagsonthesenewdetachedhousesrunfrom$150,000to$200,000.這些新的獨立式住宅標價在15萬至20萬美元之間。15concurrentlyad.（fml.）happeningordoneatthesametime同時發生（或完成）地Infact,theDVDversionofthemovieisconcurrentlyonsaleatastorenearthetheater.事實上，這部電影的光碟在劇院附近的一個商店里同步出售。injectvt.putliquid,esp.adrug,intosb.'sbodybyusingaspecialneedle注射（尤指藥物）Aspecificsolutionwasinjectedintotheanimaltomakeitsleep.一種特定的溶液被注射到了這個動物體內以使它入睡。addsth.newtoasituation注入；增添Theinvestmenthelpedinjectvigorintothisdifficultenterprise.該投資有助于為這家困難企業注入活力。entityn.[C]（fml.）aseparateunitthatiscompleteandhasitsowncharacter獨立存在體；實體Thesecompaniesareallowedtooperateasasinglebusinessentitywhilemaintainingseparatestaff.這些公司被允許作為同一個企業實體運行，但可各自擁有自己的員工。greasen.[U]athicksubstancesimilartooil,usedonmachinepartsformakingthemworksmoothly（用于機器部件使其順利運轉的）潤滑油，油脂Applyingalittlegreasetothewheelswillhelpyouskatefaster.在輪子上涂點潤滑油會使你溜冰溜得更快。fatthatcomesoutofmeatwhenyoucookit（肉中烹出的）油脂Wecouldsmellthebacongrease.我們能聞到熏肉的油脂味兒。ducingalotofnaturaloil油性的Iusuallydon'tlikeboyswithgreasyhair.我通常不喜歡頭發油油的男孩。containingorcookedwithtoomuchoilorfat多脂的；油膩的Nowandthen,Igetapowerfulurgetoeatgreasyfood.偶爾，我會有強烈的沖動想吃油膩的食物。veryfriendlyandpoliteinawaythatisunpleasantandnotsincere滑頭的；油滑的Itwasunexpectedthatheshouldchoosesuchagreasypersontohelphimintheelectioncampaign.他居然選擇這樣一個滑頭的人來幫助他競選，真是出乎意料。liquorn.[U]（technical）alcoholicdrinks酒精飲料Exoticliquorssuchaspapaya,banana,andgingercanbesampledinsmallglasses.木瓜、香蕉、16生姜等風味的異國酒精飲料可以用小玻璃杯品嘗。（mainlyAmE）strongalcoholicdrinks烈性酒There'saliquorstorearoundtheblockwhereyoucouldgetsomewhisky.這個街區附近有家賣酒的商店，在那里你可以買到威士忌。peelvt.removesth.fromthesurfaceofsth.else,esp.bytakingoneendorsideandpullingitup剝；撕；抽Oneofthekidswaspeelingthelabelfromthecan.其中有個孩子正把標簽從罐子上撕下來。removetheskinfromafruitorvegetable削去或剝去（水果或蔬菜）的皮Hecouldpeelanapplewiththeskininonepiece.他削蘋果能使蘋果皮連成一條。vi.（ofpaper,skin,orpaint）comesoff,usu.insmallpieces（紙、皮膚或油漆）脫落，剝落Aftersunbathing,alwaysapplyamoisturizeroverfaceandbodytopreventpeeling.進行日光浴后，你要在臉部和身體上抹些潤膚膏以防止蛻皮。repressionn.[U]theuseofforceorviolencetocontrolpeople鎮壓Childprotectionactivitiesaimtofreechildrenfromallsortsofviolenceandrepressionandtohelpthemseekhealthyphysicalandmentaldevelopment.兒童保護活動旨在把兒童從各種暴力和壓制中解放出來，并幫助他們尋求健康的身心發展。thebehaviorofsb.whorefusestoshoworadmitstrongfeelingsthattheyhave（對感情的）抑制，壓抑Hefeltthatmuchunhappinesswascausedbyrepression.他覺得大多數不開心都是由情感壓抑引起的。mansionn.[C]alargehouse,esp.abeautifulone大房子；大樓；（尤指）富麗堂皇的大廈Istronglyrecommendthislovelymansion,whichiswellworthavisit.我強烈推薦這座可愛的大房子，它非常值得參觀。strollvi.walkwithouthurrying,oftenforpleasure散步；溜達；閑逛Myfriendlikestostrollalongtherivertoenjoythesceneryonbothbanks.我朋友喜歡沿著河邊散步，欣賞兩岸風景。flapv.（ofbird'swings）movequicklyupanddown（鳥翼）振動；（鳥）振（翅）Asmallbirdflappeditswingshard,tryingtoflyupward.一只小鳥用力拍打著翅膀，努力向上飛。17movenoisilyupanddownorfromsidetoside,hewind（尤指在風中）飄動，擺動Inthedark,wecouldhearthesailsflappingaboveus.黑暗中，我們能聽到船帆在頭上飄動。coexistencen.[U]（fml.）asituationinwhichpeoplelivetogetherorthingsexisttogetheratthesametimeorinthesameplace共處；共存Mutualrespectisessentialtopeacefulcoexistenceofallcountries.相互尊重是各國之間和平共處所必需的。subscribev.（~tosth.）agreewithanidea同意，贊同（想法）paymoneysothatyouwillregularlyreceivecopiesofanewspaperormagazine訂閱（報紙或雜志）odorn.[C]asmell,esp.onethatisunpleasant氣味；（尤指）臭味Toeliminatetheodor,washtheclothesinthehottestwaterpossible.要去除臭味，得把衣服用最熱的水進行清洗。botanicala.relatingtoplantsorthescientificstudyofplants植物的；植物學的Mostroomshavegardenviewsandaredecoratedwithcurtainsfeaturingbotanicalprints.大多數房間都能看到花園，而且都裝飾著植物印花窗簾。cavityn.[C]aspaceinsidesb.'sbody（身體的）腔Ifsomebodyishidingexplosivesinabodycavity,canairportscanningmachinespickthemup?如果有人把炸藥藏在體腔內，機場掃描儀能檢測到它們嗎？aholeinatooth,causedbydecay齲齒的洞Thedentistsaysshehasperfectteeth,andthereisn'tacavityinhermouth.牙醫說她牙齒完好，沒有齲齒洞。alienatevt.makesb.feelthattheydonotbelongtoaplaceorgroup使疏遠;使不容于（某地或某群體）；使感到格格不入Theyfearthatthebusyandnoisyenvironmentwillalienateolderpeople.他們擔心繁雜而吵鬧的環境會使年長者感覺格格不入。makesb.dislikeyou,ornotwanttohelporsupportyou使厭惡；使敵對18Thepresidentalienatedpublicsafetyofficersacrossthecountrybyhiscomments.總統的評論弓I起了全國公共安全官員們的反感。intoleranta.notw