【霞姐GMAT1：新舊對比型（上2016-03-17霞姐““ 特征accepted，oncebelieve，common，believedbut，infact，but，infact，12Untilrecently,scientistsdidnotknowofaclosevertebrateoguetotheformofaltruismobservedineusocialinsectslikeantsandbees,wherebyindividualscooperate,sometimesevensacrificingtheirownopportunitiestosurviveandreproduce,forthegoodofothers.However,suchavertebratesocietymayexistamongundergroundcoloniesofthehighlysocialrodentHeterocephalusglaber,thenakedmolerat.Anakedmoleratcolony,likeabeehive,wasp’snest,ortermitemound,isruledbyitsqueen,orreproducingfemale.Otheradultfemalemoleratsneitherovulatenorbreed.Thequeenisthelargestmemberofthecolony,andshemaintainsherbreedingstatusthroughamixtureofbehavioraland,presumablychemicalcontrol.Queenshavebeenlong-livedincaptivity,andwhentheydieorareremovedfromacolonyoneseesviolentfightingforbreedingstatusamongthelargerremainingfemales,leadingtoatakeoverbyanewqueen.Eusocialinsectsocietieshaverigidcastesystems,eachinsect’srolebeingdefinedbyitsbehavior,bodyshape,andphysiology.Innakedmoleratsocieties,ontheotherhand,differencesinbehaviorarerelatedprimarilytoreproductivestatus(reproductionbeinglimitedtothequeenandafewmales),bodysize,andperhapsage.Smallernonbreedingmembers,bothmaleandfemale,seemtoparticipateprimarilyingatheringfood,transportingnestmaterial,andtunneling.Largernonbreedersareactiveindefendingthecolonyandperhapsinremovingdirtfromthetunnels.Jarvis’sworkhassuggestedthatdifferencesingrowthratesmayinfluencethelengthoftimethatanindividualperformsatask,regardlessofitsage.Cooperativebreedinghasevolvedmanytimesinvertebrates,butunlikenakedmolerats,mostcooperativelybreedingvertebrates(exceptthewilddogLycaonpictus)aredominatedbyapairofbreedersratherthanbyasinglebreedingfemale.Thedivisionoflaborwithinsocialgroupsislesspronouncedamongothervertebratesthanamongnakedmolerats,colonysizeismuchsmaller,andmatingbysubordinatefemalesmaynotbetotallysuppressed,whereasinnakedmoleratcoloniessubordinatefemalesarenotuallyactive,andmanyneverbreed.如果你還是感覺到了GMAT的閱讀非常，大可不必有挫敗感。閱讀是一個循序漸進的過程，在3然的聯(lián)想到，霞姐在【霞姐GMAT（例如刪減掉修飾所以，霞姐想強調(diào)的一件事是——你完全沒有必要去找尋很多新的“長難句”，然后刻意的提高句子，始終很難get到這個句子的重點，你的問題其實出在語法的學(xué)習(xí)上，應(yīng)該把的時間投入UntilUntilrecently,scientistsdidnotknowofacloseoguetotheformofaltruismobservedineusocialinsectslikeantsandbees,wherebyindividualscooperate,sometimesevensacrificingtheirownopportunitiestosurviveandreproduce,forthegoodofothers.However,suchavertebratesocietymayexistamongundergroundcoloniesofthehighlysocialrodentHeterocephalusglaber,thenakedmole往是重點，根據(jù)Untilrecently我們基本確定轉(zhuǎn)折之前的內(nèi)容是舊的狀況，轉(zhuǎn)折之后引入新的狀況，而新狀況則是本文的重點。可判定本文為新舊對比文章。新狀況是文章主旨句：suchavertebratesocietymayexistamongundergroundcoloniesofthehighlysocialrodentHeterocephalusglaber,thenakedmolerat.需要細讀。However,However,suchavertebratesocietymayexistamongundergroundcoloniesofthehighlysocialrodentHeterocephalusglaber,thenakedmolerat.在這個句子中，存在suchavertebrate逆向指代前文內(nèi)容，需要快速確定其指代的對象幫助更suchavertebrate＝aclosevertebrate oguetotheextremeformofaltruismobservedineusocialinsectslikeantsandbees。thehighlysocialrodentHeterocephalusglaber看起來非常的復(fù)雜，可事實上，這是我們在語法中講到的SVO,n.的形式，后面的thenakedmolerat是賓語的同位語。這意味著，你完全可以忽略這句話的細節(jié)，只關(guān)注thenakedmolerat就行了，再簡潔一些，你只用搞懂這是在講4ratcoloniesisavertebrate（ oguetotheextremeformofaltruismobservedineusocialinsectslikeantsandbees）society。這里，你可能想知道，這篇文章講的thenakedmolerat到種怎樣的老鼠？霞姐給大家找來了一AAnakedmoleratcolony,likeabeehive,wasp’snest,ortermitemound,isruledbyitsqueen,orreproducingfemale.Otheradultfemalemoleratsneitherovulatenorbreed.Thequeenisthelargestmemberofthecolony,andshemaintainsherbreedingstatusthroughamixtureofbehavioraland,presumablychemicalcontrol.Queenshavebeenlong-livedincaptivity,andwhentheydieorareremovedfromacolonyoneseesviolentfightingforbreedingstatusamongthelargerremainingfemales,leadingtoatakeoverbyanewqueen.5內(nèi)容：Anakedmoleratcolony,likeabeehive,wasp’snest,ortermitemound,isruledbyitsqueen,orreproducing信息：ratcolonyisruledAnakedmoleratcolony,likeabeehive,wasp’snest,ortermitemound,isruledbyitsqueen,orreproducingfemale.itsqueenEusocialinsectsocietieshaverigidcastesystems,eachinsect’srolebeingdefinedbyitsbehavior,bodyshape,andphysiology.InnakedmoleEusocialinsectsocietieshaverigidcastesystems,eachinsect’srolebeingdefinedbyitsbehavior,bodyshape,andphysiology.Innakedmoleatsocieties,ontheotherhand,differencesinbehaviorarerelatedprimarilytoreproductivestatus(reproductionbeinglimitedtothequeenandafewmales),bodysizeandperhapsage.Smallernonbreedingmembers,bothmaleandfemale,seemtoparticipateprimarilyingatheringfood,transportingnestmaterial,andtunneling.Largernonbreedersareactiveindefendingthecolonyandperhapsinremovingdirtfromthetunnels.Jarvis’sworkhassuggestedthatdifferencesingrowthratesmayinfluencethelengthoftimethatanindividualperformsatask,regardlessofitsage.ontheotherhand點：differencesinbehaviorarerelatedprimarilytoreproductivestatusreproductionbeinglimitedtothequeenandafewmales),bodysize,andperhapsage.Differencesinbehaviorarerelatedtoreproductivestatus,bodysize,andperhapsCooperativebreedinghasevolvedmanytimesinvertebrates,Cooperativebreedinghasevolvedmanytimesinvertebrates,butunlikenakedmolerats,mostcooperativelybreedingvertebrates(exceptthewilddog,Lycaonpictus)aredominatedbyapairofbreedersratherthanbyasinglebreedingfemale.Thedivisionoflaborwithinsocialgroupsislesspronouncedamongothervertebratesthanamongnakedmolerats,colonysizeismuchsmaller,andmatingbysubordinatefemalesmaynotbetotallysuppressed,whereasinnakedmoleratcoloniessubordinatefemalesare 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