高中語文(選修)《中國古代詩歌散文欣賞》本單元主要篇目：《長恨歌》《春江花月夜》《將進酒》《庖丁解牛》《項羽之死》《阿房宮賦》《六國論》《種樹郭橐駝傳》《春夜宴從弟桃花園序》《項脊軒志》(一)重要成語積累(共18條)1．目無全牛：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．游刃有余：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．深中肯綮：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．躊躇滿志：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．善刀而藏：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．四面楚歌：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．望風披靡：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．鉤心斗角：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．胸有成竹：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．貽人口實：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________11．稍縱即逝：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________12．抱薪救火：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________13．披荊斬棘：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________14．雕蟲小技：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________15．秉燭夜游：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________16．浮生若夢：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________17．萬籟俱寂：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________18．膏粱子弟：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________(二)古代文化知識積累【風俗文化】1．避諱：實際上是一種反映封建禮法的忌諱，即遇到與君主、尊長的名相同的文字就采用某種方法回避。主要分兩大類：一是國諱，指詩文中不直書在位甚至前朝某些君主及其親屬的名；一是家諱，或稱為私諱，即說話行文中，避免提到自己的父名、祖名。2．方山冠：古代的一種帽子。漢時為祭祀宗廟時樂工舞女所戴。唐宋時隱士多戴這種形狀的帽子。3．牢：本來是養牲畜的圈，文中指祭祀用的牲畜。古代祭祀用牛、羊、豬各一頭叫“太牢”，用豬、羊各一頭叫“少牢”。古人又把牛叫“太牢”，羊叫“少牢”。4．告廟：天子或諸侯出巡、遇兵戎等重大事件而祭告祖廟。5．俳優：以樂舞諧戲為業的人。6．雜戲：古代娛樂形式之一，包括百戲、雜樂、歌舞戲、傀儡戲等。7．季父：叔父。古代兄弟排行以伯、仲、叔、季為序。8．大決：封建時代，對判死刑的人，在每年秋季行刑，叫大決，又叫秋決。9．上聞：上奏的文書。10．舍利：梵語“身骨”的譯音。佛教徒死后火葬，身體內一些燒不化的東西，結成顆粒，稱為“舍利子”。11．笏：古代君臣在朝廷上相見時手中所拿的狹長板子，用玉、象牙或竹片制成，上面可以記事，后來只有大臣使用。古時候文武大臣朝見君王時，雙手執笏以記錄君命或旨意，亦可以將要對君王上奏的話記在笏板上，以防止遺忘。【古代官職】1．小相：諸侯祭祀或會盟、朝見天子時，替國君主持贊禮和司儀的官。相分卿、大夫、士三個等級，小相指最低的“士”這一級。2．伶官：封建時代稱演戲的人為伶，在宮廷中授有官職的伶人，叫做伶官。(三)文言文知識梳理一、指出下列句子中的通假字，寫出本字并作解釋1.罔薜荔兮為帷________________2.遙遙萬里暉，蕩蕩空中景________________3.列缺霹靂，丘巒崩摧________________4.徑須沽取對君酌________________5.霾兩輪兮縶四馬________________6.砉然向然________________7.技蓋至此乎________________8.技經肯綮之未嘗________________9.善刀而藏之________________10.騎皆伏曰：“如大王言。”________________11.烏江亭長船待________________12.往往陽狂垢污，不可得而見________________13.扣其鄉及姓字，皆不答________________14.諸侯之地有限，暴秦之欲無厭________________15.當與秦相較，或未易量________________16.為國者無使為積威之所劫哉________________17.暴霜露，斬荊棘________________18.及仇讎已滅________________19.爾其無忘乃父之志________________20.使建中遠具時羞之奠________________21.零丁孤苦________________22.吾上有三兄，皆不幸早世________________23.斂不憑其棺________________24.終葬汝于先人之兆________________25.與可沒于陳州________________26.少縱則逝矣________________27.以致其性焉爾________________28.矢溺皆閉其中________________29.披發入山，為野人________________30.以衲報裘，以苧報________________31.既然已，勿動勿慮________________32.早繅而緒，早織而縷________________33.橐駝非能使木壽且孳也________________34.鼓瑟希________________35.莫春者________________36.唯求則非邦也與________________37.序天倫之樂事________________38.而母立于茲________________39.籍柔覆溫之軀________________40.以當南日________________二、解釋下列各組句子中加點的實詞(雜少量虛詞例句供辨析)1．善①善哉！技蓋至此乎________________②善刀而藏之________________③六國破滅，非兵不利，戰不善________________④嘻，不亦善夫________________⑤宋弟子高信之……多力善射________________2．族①族庖月更刀________________②每至于族________________③楛竹之筍，莫不族布而羅生焉________________④族秦者秦也，非天下也________________⑤士大夫之族，曰師曰弟子云者________________3．拔①勢拔五岳掩赤城________________②然峭拔秀麗皆不可與小孤比________________③力拔山兮氣蓋世________________④自蜩腹蛇蚹以至于劍拔十尋者________________⑤山四面峭壁拔起________________⑥為拔本塞源之道也________________4．一①六王畢，四海一________________②楚人一炬，可憐焦土________________③黃鶴一去不復返________________④下飲黃泉，用心一也________________⑤合從締交，相與為一________________⑥內外不一，心手不相應________________⑦庭中通南北為一________________⑧方山子怒馬獨出，一發得之________________⑨其為癡人則一也________________5．愛①秦愛紛奢，人亦念其家________________②使秦復愛六國之人________________③向使三國各愛其地________________④不愛珍器重寶肥饒之地________________⑤則又愛之太恩，憂之太勤________________⑥風移影動，珊珊可愛________________6．取①奈何取之盡錙銖，用之如泥沙________________②青，取之于藍，而青于藍________________③徑須沽取對君酌________________④吾為公取彼一將________________⑤止一歲，請歸取其孥________________⑥庖丁，解牛者也，而養生者取之________________⑦擬將一段鵝溪絹，掃取寒梢萬尺長________________⑧凡長安豪富人……皆爭迎取養________________⑨然后導以取保，出居于外________________7．盡①盡日君王看不足________________②江水流春去欲盡________________③人生得意須盡歡________________④幸有舟楫遲，得盡所歷妙________________⑤項王軍壁垓下，兵少食盡________________⑥一肌一容，盡態極妍________________⑦奈何取之盡錙銖________________⑧猶抱薪救火，薪不盡，火不滅________________⑨歿不能撫汝以盡哀________________8．使①聞道漢家天子使________________②長使英雄淚滿襟________________③使天下之人，不敢言而敢怒________________④使秦復愛六國之人________________⑤使取汝者始行，吾又罷去________________⑥乃使人復葺南閣子________________⑦獨念方山子少時，使酒好劍________________⑧使從事于其間，今已顯聞________________9．為①南唐為奉化軍節度________________②項王乃悲歌慷慨，自為詩曰________________③朝歌夜弦，為秦宮人________________④及與可自洋州還，而余為徐州________________⑤而浮生若夢，為歡幾何________________⑥庭中通南北為一________________⑦吾見其難為，怵然為戒________________10．與①無差，誰為多與者________________②時不可兮驟得，聊逍遙兮容與________________③何哉？與嬴而不助五國也________________④與爾三矢，爾其無忘乃父之志________________⑤斫輪者也，而讀書者與之________________⑥夫子喟然嘆曰：“吾與點也。”________________11．歸①東望都門信馬歸________________②而皆背晉以歸梁________________③君臣相顧，不知所歸________________④吾與汝俱幼，從嫂歸葬河陽________________⑤吾將買田而歸老焉________________⑥后五年，吾妻來歸________________⑦吾妻歸寧，述諸小妹語曰________________⑧又九門提督所訪緝糾詰，皆歸刑部________________12．易①赤泉侯人馬俱驚，辟易數里________________②當與秦相較，或未易量________________③豈得之難而失之易歟________________④根拳而土易________________⑤是疾易傳染________________⑥文書下行直省，多潛易之________________⑦別具本章，獄詞無易________________13．幸①幸有舟楫遲，得盡所歷妙________________②有美人名虞，常幸從________________③縵立遠視，而望幸焉________________④皆不幸早逝________________⑤教吾子與汝子，幸其成________________⑥即幸留，病數月乃瘳________________⑦不如此，則人有幸心________________14．視①臣以神遇而不以目視________________②視為止，行為遲________________③秦人視之，亦不甚惜________________④其后四年，而歸視汝________________⑤而視茫茫，而發蒼蒼________________⑥視駝所種樹，或移徙，無不活________________⑦因《石匱書》未成，尚視息人世________________⑧視五人之死，輕重固何如哉________________15．若①若稍飾以樓觀亭榭________________②而刀刃若新發于硎________________③虞兮虞兮奈若何________________④若非吾故人乎________________⑤若予者，豈獨得其意________________⑥其蒔也若子，其置也若棄________________⑦故不我若也________________⑧若不過焉則不及________________⑨久不見若影，何竟日默默在此________________16．傳①傳者因謂小孤廟有彭郎像________________②其傳之非其真邪________________③傳其事以為官戒________________④是疾易傳染________________⑤種樹郭橐駝傳________________17．故①故得盡見________________②若非吾故人乎________________③下而從六國破亡之故事________________④其言不讓，是故哂之________________⑤軒東故嘗為廚________________⑥問余所以至此者，余告之故________________⑦宋將軍故自負________________⑧蓋以律非故殺，必久系________________18．實①合百草兮實庭，建芳馨兮廡門________________②實不然也________________③較秦之所得……其實百倍________________④余因而實之，答其詩曰________________⑤早實以蕃________________⑥茹啖其草木之荑實________________19．如①芙蓉如面柳如眉________________②圖久遠者，莫如西歸________________③如不能守以終喪，則遂取以來________________④他植者雖窺伺效慕，莫能如也________________⑤如或知爾，則何以哉________________⑥方六七十，如五六十________________⑦宗廟之事，如會同，端章甫________________⑧絕無有者，則治之如所言________________20．過①雷霆乍驚，宮車過也________________②不學之過也________________③光陰者，百代之過客也________________④日過午已昏________________⑤大母過余曰________________⑥故嘗與過宋將軍________________三、指出下列各組句子中加點的虛詞的意義和用法1．而①岸土赤而壁立________________②臣以神遇而不以目視________________③技經肯綮之未嘗，而況大乎________________④提刀而立，為之四顧，為之躊躇滿志，善刀而藏之________________⑤賂秦而力虧，破滅之道也________________⑥戰敗而亡，誠不得已________________⑦故不戰而強弱勝負已判矣________________⑧趙嘗五戰于秦，二敗而三勝________________⑨下而從六國破亡之故事________________⑩見此竹，廢卷而哭失聲________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))余扃牖而居________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))內外多置小門墻，往往而是________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))某所，而母立于茲________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))輪扁，斫輪者也，而讀書者與之________________2．為①庖丁為文惠君解牛________________②視為止，行為遲________________③為之四顧，為之躊躇滿志________________④天之亡我，我何渡為________________3．以①若稍飾以樓觀亭榭________________②以吾一日長乎爾，毋吾以也________________③加之以師旅________________④如其禮樂，以俟君子________________⑤垣墻周庭，以當南日________________⑥久之，能以足音辨人________________⑦此吾祖太常公宣德間執此以朝________________4．之①姿態萬變，信造化之尤物也________________②徙倚久之而歸________________③此天之亡我，非戰之罪也________________④則吾恐秦人食之不得下咽也________________⑤而猶有可以不賂而勝之之勢________________⑥茍以天下之大________________⑦竹之始生，一寸之萌耳________________⑧平居自視了然，而臨事忽焉喪之________________⑨自蜩腹蛇蚹以至于劍拔十尋者，生而有之也________________⑩士大夫傳之，以為口實________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))自數十里外望之，碧峰巉然孤起________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))令騎將灌嬰以五千騎追之________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))輪扁，斫輪者也，而讀書者與之________________5．乎①嘻，善哉！技蓋至此乎________________②臣之所好者道也，進乎技矣________________③依乎天理，批大郤，導大窾________________④技經肯綮之未嘗，而況大乎________________⑤恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣________________⑥漢皆已得楚乎________________6．然①砉然向然，奏刀騞然________________②夕殿螢飛思悄然________________③然峭拔秀麗皆不可與小孤比________________④予不能然也，而心識其所以然________________⑤雖然，每至于族________________⑥明日割十城，然后得一夕安寢________________7．于①合于《桑林》之舞________________②是以十九年而刀刃若新發于硎________________③恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣________________④雖然，每至于族________________⑤使負棟之柱，多于南畝之農夫________________⑥然今卒困于此________________⑦但祠宇極于荒殘________________8．其①爾其無忘乃父之志________________②泣下沾襟，何其衰也________________③愚人之所以為愚，其皆出于此乎________________④如吾之衰者，其能久存乎________________⑤其信然邪？其夢邪？其傳之非其真邪________________⑥其無知，悲不幾時________________⑦嗚呼，其竟以此而殞其生乎________________⑧燕趙之君，始有遠略，能守其土________________⑨向使三國各愛其地________________⑩其意氣之盛，可謂壯哉________________9．雖①雖無風，亦浪涌________________②江東雖小，地方千里________________③雖曰天命，豈非人事哉________________④雖萬乘之公相，吾不以一日輟汝而就也________________⑤安常雖聾，而穎悟絕人________________10．且①橐駝非能使木壽且孳也________________②吾小人輟飧饔以勞吏者，且不得暇________________③且籍與江東子弟八千人渡江而西________________④且燕趙處秦革滅殆盡之際________________⑤或移徙，無不活；且碩茂________________⑥聞姊家有閣子，且何謂閣子也________________⑦久居，禍且及汝________________⑧存者且偷生，死者長已矣________________11．乃①乃知太白“開帆入天鏡”之句為妙________________②乃中《經首》之會________________③項王乃大驚曰________________④于是項王乃悲歌慷慨________________⑤平明，漢軍乃覺之________________⑥至東城，乃有二十八騎________________⑦今畫者乃節節而為之________________⑧與爾三矢，爾其無忘乃父之志________________12．因①傳者因謂小孤廟有彭郎像________________②因以所畫《筼筜谷偃竹》遺予曰________________③加之以師旅，因之以饑饉________________④因舍其名，亦自謂“橐駝”云________________⑤因《石匱書》未成，尚視息人世________________⑥吏因以巧法________________13．與①翡翠衾寒誰與共________________②與君歌一曲，請君為我傾耳聽________________③若是，則與吾業者其亦有類乎________________④唯求則非邦也與________________四、寫出下列句子中加點詞語的古義和今義1．六宮粉黛無顏色古義：________________今義：________________2．可憐光彩生門戶古義：________________今義：________________3．云鬢半偏新睡覺古義：________________今義：________________4．臨別殷勤重寄詞古義：________________今義：________________5．雪膚花貌參差是古義：________________今義：________________6．與江山相發揮古義：________________今義：________________古義：________________今義：________________7．江自湖口分一支為南江，蓋江西路也古義：________________今義：________________8．二山東西相望古義：________________今義：________________9．依乎天理，批大郤，導大窾古義：________________今義：________________10．因其固然，技經肯綮之未嘗古義：________________今義：________________11．欲以此馳騁當世，然終不遇古義：________________今義：________________12．雖然，每至于族古義：________________今義：________________古義：________________今義：________________13．方山子亦矍然，問余所以至此者古義：________________今義：________________14．期山東為三處古義：________________今義：________________15．江東雖小，地方千里古義：________________今義：________________16．于是項王乃悲歌慷慨古義：________________今義：________________17．縱江東父兄憐而王我，我何面目見之古義：________________今義：________________18．各抱地勢，鉤心斗角古義：________________今義：________________19．一宮之間，而氣候不齊古義：________________今義：________________20．燕趙之收藏，韓魏之經營，齊楚之精英古義：________________今義：________________古義：________________今義：________________古義：________________今義：________________21．可憐焦土古義：________________今義：________________22．隔離天日古義：________________今義：________________23．明星熒熒，開妝鏡也古義：________________今義：________________24．至于顛覆/不知所歸，至于誓天斷發古義：________________今義：________________25．其實百倍古義：________________今義：________________26．思厥先祖父古義：________________今義：________________27．后秦擊趙者再古義：________________今義：________________28．可謂智力孤危古義：________________今義：________________29．下而從六國破亡之故事古義：________________今義：________________30．而猶有可以不賂而勝之之勢古義：________________今義：________________31．與其所以失之者古義：________________今義：________________古義：________________今義：________________32．則遣從事以一少牢告廟古義：________________今義：________________33．雖曰天命，豈非人事哉古義：________________今義：________________34．將成家而致汝古義：________________今義：________________35．吾與汝俱少年古義：________________今義：________________36．志氣日益微古義：________________今義：________________37．幾何不從汝而死也古義：________________今義：________________38．未可以為信也古義：________________今義：________________39．如此孩提者，又可冀其成立邪古義：________________今義：________________ 40.吾將以為襪古義：________________今義：________________41．吾輩無生理矣古義：________________今義：________________42．既然已，勿動勿慮古義：________________今義：________________43．不抑耗其實而已古義：________________今義：________________44．若不過焉則不及古義：________________今義：________________45．吾小人輟飧饔以勞吏者古義：________________今義：________________46．加之以師旅古義：________________今義：________________47．往往而是古義：________________今義：________________48．而妻子奴婢皆有自得之意古義：________________今義：________________49．使從事于其間古義：________________今義：________________50．明年，丞相薨古義：________________今義：________________五、指出下列句子中活用的詞語并加以解釋1．名詞用作狀語①驪山北構而西折，直走咸陽________________②廊腰縵回，檐牙高啄________________③蜂房水渦，矗不知其幾千萬落________________④辭樓下殿，輦來于秦________________⑤朝歌夜弦________________⑥如寶裝屏風________________⑦掠江東南去________________⑧岸土赤而壁立________________⑨晚泊沙夾________________⑩上干云霄________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))良庖歲更刀/族庖月更刀________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))項王則夜起________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))直夜潰圍南出________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))負而前驅________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))倉皇東出________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))一夫夜呼________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))亂者四應________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))圖久遠者，莫如西歸________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))東亦客也________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))自蜩腹蛇蚹以至于劍拔十尋者________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))貧者席地而臥________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))貧則面語之________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))雨澤下注/使不上漏________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))前辟四窗________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))又北向________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))東犬西吠________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))室西連于中閨________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))吾妻死之年所手植也________________2．名詞用作動詞①微雨，復以小艇游廟中________________②足之所履________________③未云何龍/不霽何虹________________④朝歌夜弦，為秦宮人________________⑤楚人一炬，可憐焦土________________⑥鼎鐺玉石，金塊珠礫________________⑦族秦者秦也________________⑧項王軍壁垓下________________⑨項王乃復引兵而東________________⑩縱江東父兄憐而王我________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))函梁君臣之首________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))契丹與吾約為兄弟________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))抑本其成敗之跡________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))原莊宗之所以得天下________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))汝之純明宜業其家者________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))牖其前以通明________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))必械手足________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))主梏撲者亦然________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))奸民久于獄，與胥卒表里________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))鮮不疫矣________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))名我固當________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))且碩茂，早實以蕃________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))甚者，爪其膚以驗其生枯________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))端章甫________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))鼓瑟希________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))風乎舞雩________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))曾皙后________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))乳二世________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))客逾庖而宴________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))此吾祖太常公宣德間執此以朝________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))吾家讀書久不效________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))垣墻周庭________________eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))或憑幾學書________________3．數詞用作名詞或動詞①庭中通南北為一________________②六王畢，四海一________________4．動詞用作名詞①燕趙之收藏，韓魏之經營________________②而告以成功________________③竹之始生，一寸之萌耳________________5．形容詞用作名詞①夫禍患常積于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺________________②赤也為之小，孰能為之大________________③多可喜，亦多可悲________________6．形容詞用作動詞①一夫夜呼，亂者四應________________②強者夭而病者全乎________________③吾將買田而歸老焉________________④余因而實之________________7．意動用法①后人哀之而不鑒之________________②初不自貴重________________③駝業種樹________________8．使動用法①憂勞可以興國，逸豫可以亡身________________②及凱旋而納之________________③將成家而致汝________________④吾兄之盛德而夭其嗣矣________________⑤長吾女與汝女________________⑥予我千金，吾生若________________⑦非有能碩茂之也________________⑧非有能早而蕃之也________________⑨鳴鼓而聚之________________六、文言句式1．請將下列文言句子按句式特點分類①若稍飾以樓觀亭榭②江自湖口分一支為南江，蓋江西路也③東坡先生所謂“舟人指點岸如赪”者也④其間一日阻風不行⑤臣之所好者道也⑥技經肯綮之未嘗⑦騎能屬者百余人耳⑧天之亡我，我何渡為⑨戍卒叫，函谷舉⑩請其矢，盛以錦囊eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))憂勞可以興國，逸豫可以亡身，自然之理也eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))而身死國滅，為天下笑eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))夫禍患常積于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))故畫竹，必先得成竹于胸中eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))庖丁，解牛者也/輪扁，斫輪者也eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))四方之人，持縑素而請者，足相躡于其門eq\o(○,\s\up1(17))故不我若也eq\o(○,\s\up1(18))如或知爾，則何以哉eq\o(○,\s\up1(19))點，爾何如eq\o(○,\s\up1(20))又雜植蘭桂竹木于庭eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))其制稍異于前判斷句：_______________________________________________________被動句：_______________________________________________________賓語前置：_______________________________________________________定語后置：_______________________________________________________介賓短語后置：_______________________________________________________2．先在短線上寫出每組句子的省略類型，再在長線上寫出補出了省略成分的句子。(1)省略________①誰得而族滅也________________②視為止，行為遲________________③請其矢，盛以錦囊________________④吾將以為襪________________(2)省略________①復以小艇游廟中________________②其間一日阻風不行________________③左，乃陷大澤中________________④以三矢賜莊宗而告之曰________________(3)省略________①則遣從事以一少牢告廟________________②與人罕言語，語類楚聲________________七、請將下列文言句子翻譯成現代漢語1．舟過磯，雖無風，亦浪涌，蓋以此得名也。譯文：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．大孤狀類西梁，雖不可擬小姑之秀麗，然小孤之旁，頗有沙洲葭葦，大孤則四際渺彌皆大江，望之如浮水面，亦一奇也。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．臣之所好者道也，進乎技矣。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．每至于族，吾見其難為，怵然為戒，視為止，行為遲。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．天之亡我，我何渡為！譯文：______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．吾聞漢購我頭千金，邑萬戶，吾為若德。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．燕趙之收藏，韓魏之經營，齊楚之精英，幾世幾年，剽掠其人。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．燕趙之君，始有遠略，能守其土，義不賂秦。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．向使三國各愛其地，齊人勿附于秦，刺客不行，良將猶在，則勝負之數，存亡之理，當與秦相較，或未易量。譯文：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．日削月割，以趨于亡。為國者無使為積威之所劫哉！譯文：_________________________