基礎學句子類（一）句子類型概(4)賓語從句和狀語從句的區分while/as/when引導時間狀語從句；because/since/as/for引導原因狀語從句；if/unless引導條件狀語從句；so...that/such...that引導結果狀語從句等。（二）基礎知識梳NeitherBrucenorSusancanspeakMotherboughtanewschoolbagformeatthebeginningofthisand，but，or，so，for等。如：Gostraightonandyouwillfindatoilet.Iwouldliketogowithyou,butIcan't.Hurryoryouwillbelate.Shepracticeseveryday,sosheysthepianoverywell.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.賓語從由that引導，只起連接作用，不充當句子成分，沒有實際意義，可以省略。如Weknow(that)therearetwokindsofHedecided(that)hewasnotgoingtosayanythingaboutwhetherif（是否）引導，只起連接作用，不充當句子成分，但不能省略。如：Nooneknowswhether/iftheyhavedecidedonthedateofthemeeting.who，，what，whih，whoewhen，wher，why,how等引導的賓語從句，這些連接詞除了起連接主句和從句的作用外，還可在句中充當某個成分，不能省略。如：CouldyoulmehowIcangettothenearestsubwaystation?Shetoldmewhatshehadseeninthemuseum.it作形式賓語的從句。如Ithinkitnecessarythateverybodyshouldtryhisbesttohelpfight,WeweresurprisedthatPeterwasthefirsttocome.Iamsurethatyouwillbeasuccessinthefuture.狀語從when,while,assinceuntil,assoonasIt'smorethantenyearssincetheycametoPleasesendmeanE-mailassoonasyouarriveinWeshallgoforaicifitdoesn'traintomorrow.Iwon'tbuythedressunlessitfitsmewell.because,since,as,nowthatHeaskedforleavebecausehehadtoseetheNowthateveryoneishere,shallwebeginour由though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。如Althoughitwasverylate,hewentonsothatinorderthatHeranasfastashecouldsothatthepeopleinAthenscouldlearnthenewsso.thatsuch...thatHeransoquicklythatwecouldn'tkeepupwithhim.Thebusbrokedown,sowehadtowalktothecinema.Englishissuchausefullanguagethatitisspokeninmany比較狀語從句。常用的句型有as..asmorethan結構。（參見形容詞、副詞一章定語從飾的名詞稱為“先行詞”who,whom,that,which引導，它位于先Theboywho/thatisreadingunderthetreeismyelder先行詞關系代詞作主語Thepresentwhich/thatyougavemeformybirthdayisvery whowhom指人，whowhom在從句中作賓語，一般Thewomanwhowillgiveusatalktomorrowisafamousprofessor.Doyouknowthegirl(whom)wemetoutsidetheschoolgate?whichThestorywhichlsaboutthreemonkeysisveryThemagazine(which)Iborrowedfromthelibrarywasnewlythat指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時可以省略。如Thepicturesthathangonthebackwallwereallpaintedbyher.Therestaurants(that)theyhavesetupare edbychildren.如果先行詞被序數詞、形容詞、不定代詞all,everything,nothing等以及only修飾時，關系代詞必須用that。如：AllthatweneedisfreshI'llneverforgetthefirstjobthatIJudyisthemosthonestgirlthatIhaveever（三）經典ThediseasehasspreadallovertheIboughtanewTomgavemeabirthdayIsawthewindowSheisaThisismeandthesearemyIdon’twanttogo;besides,it’sgettingIdon’tknowwhohaswateredtheThisisthehousewheremyuncleonceSinceheisbusy,Iwon’ttroubleWherethereisnowater,thereisnoDon'tdrinktoomuchcoffeeintheevening, youwon'tfallasleep.A．andB．orC．butD．soStudyhard, youwillcatchupwithothers.A．andB．orC．butD．soCouldyoul wewillhaveadiscussionA.whomB.thatC.whatCouldyoul A.wherethebookshopwasB.wherethebookshopC.wherewasthebookshopD.whereistheSheisgoingtoreporttousassoonas A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isarrivingD.isgoingtoMrSmithhasworkedinthatfactory hemovedtothisA.sinceB.byC.whenHewassotiredthathecouldn'tgoanyfurther.（句型轉換）Hewas tired goanyfurther.Janestudiedsohardthatshepassedtheentranceexaminationfinally(句型轉換)Janestudiedhard passtheentranceexaminationfinally.Becauseheisill,sohecan'tgotoschool.（誤）Heisill,sohecan'tgotoschool.（正）Hecan'tgotoschoolbecauseheisill.（正Althoughheisold,butheisstillingoodhealth.（誤）Althoughheisold,(yet)heisstillingoodhealth.（正）Heisold,butheisstillingoodhealth.（正） weneedisfreshA.thatB.whatC.whichPeopleseemtohaveanaturalneedforfriendsandwithgoodreason.Friendsincreaseyourenjoymentoflifeandrelievefeelingsofloneliness.Theyevencanhelpreducestressandimproveyourhealth.Havinggoodfriendsisespeciallyhelpfulwhenyouaregoingthroughanykindofhardtimesuchaswhenyouareexperiencinganxiety,panicattacks,ordepression.Whenyouarewithgoodfriendsyoufeelgoodaboutyourself,andyouaregladtobewithAfriendissomeonewhoyoulike,respect,andtrust,andwholikes,respectsandtrustsdoesn’talwaysunderstandyou,butacceptsandlikesyouasyouare,evenasyougrowandallowsyouthespacetochange,grow,makedecisions,andevenmakelistenstoyouandshareswithyouboththegoodtimesandthebadrespectsyourneedforsecrets,soyou lthemlets lyexpressyourfeelingsandemotionswithoutjudging,teasing,orcriticizingacceptsthelimitationsyouhaveputonyourselfandhelpsyoutoremove oncesaid,“Friendshipisacontinuingsourceofbonding（連接）,releasing,andcreatinginyourselfandwiththeother .Thereisanemotionalbondbetweenthetwopeople.”Agoodfriendorsupportermayormaynotbethesameageorthesameasyou,andmaynothavethesameeducational,cultural,orreligiousbackground,orshareintereststhataresimilartoyours.Friendshipsalsohavedifferentdepths.Someareclosertotheheartandsomemoresuperficial,butthey’reallusefulandgood.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofaHebringsyousome B.HehelpsyoufeellessC.Hehelpsyougetoverthedifficulties.D.HehelpsyoucheatontheWecaninferfromthepassagethat friendsarepeoplewhorespecteachotherbutkeepadistancebetweeneachfriendsare