獨立主格結構教學目標：1.掌握獨立主格的定義2.學會運用獨立主格結構教學重難點1.掌握獨立主格的定義學會運用獨立主格結構二次備課Stepl.獨立主格結構之定義二次備課由一個名詞或代詞（或它們對應的短語）作為邏輯主語，然后加上一個非謂語動詞（現在分詞，過去分詞，不定式）或形容詞、副詞、介詞短語作為邏輯謂語的結構就是獨立主格結構。公式：n/pron+v-ing/v-過分/to-v/adj/adv/p.pStep2.獨立主格結構之特點（和分詞作狀語進行比較）1?獨立主格結構的邏輯主語與主句的主語（一致/不一致）邏輯主語與其后的成分之間是（主謂/動賓）獨立主格結構一般有逗號與主句分開；4?表示時間、原因、條件的獨立主格結構一般位于句首，其它的獨立主格結構則可位于句首、句中或句尾都行；5?獨立主格結構與主句不發生句法上的聯系，它是一個獨立的短語，不是句子，更不是從句，但在意思上依附于整個句子。Step3.獨立主格結構的形式公式：n/pron+v-ing/v-過分/to-v/adj/adv/n/p.pl.Springcoming,treesturngreen.Weatherpermitting,we'llgoonapicnic.Myhomeworkfinished,Iwentoutandplayedbasketball.Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.5hecamein,hernoseredwithcold.Heleftinahurry,withthedooropen.Themeetingover,weallwenthomeHefoughtthewolf,astickhisonlyweapon9.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.Step4獨立主格結構的句法功能1）表示時間Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.2）表示條件Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.若條件有利，他或許能成功。3）表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.Herglassesbroken,shecouldn'tseethewordsontheblackboard.4）表示方式或伴隨狀況Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,hisstudentsfollowinghim.特別提醒：英語里的特殊結構，除了有獨立主格結構外，還有with的復合結構即with+n/pron+v-ing/v-過分/to-v/adj/adv/n/p.p此結構一般多作狀語，表示伴隨狀況，方式，時間或條件等，hefellasleepwithhisradiostillworkingwiththeproblemsolved,weallfeltveryhappy.withtheteachertohelpus,wewillmakegreaterprogress.itisbadmannerstospeakwithyourmouthfullhewentoutwithnohatonhediedwithhissonyetaschoolboyMissHuenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.Step5練習：用獨立主格結構改寫下列句子ifweatherpermits,we'llholdthemeetingintheopenair.astheriverhadriseninthenight,thecrossingwasimpossible.whenallthegrainhadbeenremoved,hesetabouthelpinghomelesswomenandchildrentoplacesofsafetysinceeverythingisready,theexperimentmaystartitatonce.1）Allflights,wedecidedtotakeagreyhound.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled2）Theproductionsteadily,thefactoryneedsanever-increasingsupplyofrawmaterial.hasgoneupB.isgoingupC.havinggoneupD.beinggoneupStep6思考并總結1）獨立主格結構作狀語和分詞作狀語的區別2）獨立主格結構作狀語和狀語從句的區別小結與反思使用獨立主格結構的四個注意點：C.consideredC.consideredD.areconsidered1.獨立主格與狀語從句的轉換當狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個對象時，可用獨立主格結構取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。如如Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下課后，學生很快離開了課室。不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形在下列兩種情況下⑴獨立主格的邏輯主語是代詞時。如如ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch因為是星期天，我們去了做禮拜。(2)在Therebeing+名詞的結構中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因為沒有公共汽車，所以我們不得不步行回家。通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在“名詞(或代詞)＋介詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如如MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand史密斯小姐走進了課室，手里拿著一本書。比較with的復合結構。如：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.獨立主格結構沒有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來了，我們開始開會。(比較動名詞復合結構。)Fordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworkeraseparatetask.A.assigningB.assignedC.wasassignedD.wouldbeassignedThelecture,helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.A.beganB.beginningC.havingbegunD.beingbeginning3.Suchthecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.A.beingB.isC.wasD.tobeDarknessin,theyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.A.setB.settingC.hassetD.wassetWithallfactors,wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoal.A.beingconsideredB.consideringC.istomakeC.istomakeD.makingAnewtechnique,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.A.tohavebeenworkedouthavingworkedoutworkingouthavingbeenworkedout7.Onthetopwastheclearoutlineofagreatwolfsittingstill,ears,alert,listening.A.pointedB.pointingC.arepointedD.arepointingWalterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourwork,wedeclinedtheoffer.A.notbeingfinishednothavingfinishedhadnotbeenfinishedD.wasnotfinishedT