June12,2014后備雞和產蛋雞的光照

LightingPulletsandLayers?Hy-LineInternationalIanRubinoff,DVM,MPHHy-LineInternationalTechnicalServicesVeterinarian了解家禽光照

Understandingpoultrylighting設定光照程序 Settingupalightingprogram對于不同燈泡的指南 Aguidetodifferentbulbs?Hy-LineInternational概述Outline光Light電磁譜輻射的一部分 PortionoftheElectromagneticSpectrumRadiation紫外光UltraViolet(UV)可見光Visible紅外線Infrared(IR)光照環境LightEnvironment:持續時間即：光周期、白晝長度 Duratione.i.,Photoperiod,Daylength亮度即：光照強度

Luminancee.i.,Intensity波長即：顏色Wavelengthe.i.,Color基本概念BasicConcepts?Hy-LineInternational電磁波譜Electromagneticspectrum?Hy-LineInternational家禽可識別波長FowlwavelengthrecognitionCourtesyofONCEInnovations地方家禽對可適光波譜的反應?Hy-LineInternational人類可識別波長HumanwavelengthrecognitionCourtesyofONCEInnovations人眼對可適光波譜的反應100lumen100lux1m2強度，亮度Intensity,Luminance:1勒克斯=1㎡1流明

1Lux=1Lumenin1m2人類的感覺與鳥類不同Perceptionforhumansisnotthesameasforbirds.10lux10m2100lumen?Hy-LineInternational顯色指數

Colorrenderingindex(CRI)

色度是測量光的相對暖性和冷性的一種方法 Chromaticityisamethodtomeasuretherelativewarmnessorcoolnessoflight以開爾文為單位表示 ExpressedindegreesofKelvin最初用來表述白熾燈 Wasoriginallydevelopedforincandescentlights>4000K-冷色

>4000K-cool3500-3600K-中等且平衡 3500–3600K–neutralandbalanced<3000K-暖色

<3000K-warm?Hy-LineInternational色度Chromaticity?Hy-LineInternational色度Chromaticity家禽生物學Poultrybiology感受Reception:

視網膜Retinal

-錐形體Conephotoreceptors

-視覺感知Visualperception

-多巴胺Dopamine&UV-A?

褪黑激素melatonin2a.松果體Pineal

“Soulgland” -光感受器

Photoreceptors(>4lux)

-生物鐘Circadianclock:血清素和褪黑激素serotoninandmelatonin2b.下丘腦Hypothalamic

性成熟SexualMaturity

-大腦深處的光感受器Deepencephalicphotoreceptor

-性激素Sexualhormones2a.2b.光的基本生理效應 BasicPhysiologicaleffectsoflight:增加視力Facilitatesight -找尋食物Foodsearch刺激內循環StimulateInternalCycles生理節奏-白晝長度變更Circadian-daylengthchanges產生并調整激素分泌Initiateandregulatehormonerelease -新陳代謝調整：脂肪和肌肉沉積 Metabolicregulation:fat&muscledeposition -繁殖Reproduction -鈣磷和骨骼形成Calciumandphosphorusandboneformation家禽生物學

Poultrybiology波長不同Wavelengthdifferences紫外線A-B光UltravioletA-Blight維生素D轉換、鈣磷代謝、骨骼形成、免疫系統、血壓和血液循環、肌肉發育 VitaminDconversion,calciumandphosphorusmetabolism,boneformation,immunesystem,bloodpressureandcirculation,muscledevelopment可見光Visuallight鳥類有4種類型的單獨錐形體光感受器和四色光感覺 Birdshave4typesofsingle-conephotoreceptorsandtetra-chromaticcolorvision第5個單獨錐形體用于基于亮度的運動檢測 A5thsingle-coneisluminancebasedformotiondetection紅外光Infraredlight感覺為熱能Perceivedasheat家禽生理學Poultryphysiology野生鳥類的季節性源于光照

LightisResponsibleforWildBird’sSeasonality?白晝時間和光照強度上升Daylength&Intensity

↑食物供應增加FoodSupply↑

繁殖行為增多Reproduction↑

產蛋LAY熱量強度增加IntensityHeat,T↑孵卵≠產蛋Brooding

≠LAY白晝時間和光照強度下降Daylength&Intensity

↓食物供應減少FoodSupply↓

小鳥出殼PULLETSHATCH體型成熟MatureBodySize

白晝時間和光照強度上升

↑Daylength&Intensity

性成熟開始OnsetSexualMaturitySpringSummerFallWinter春夏秋冬?開始增加光照時間和強度Startwith↑

light

L&I光照時間和強度逐漸減少StepDown:

↓lightL&I光照刺激增加LightStimulation:↑Photoperiod白晝時間逐漸增加維持產蛋Gradually↑

DaylengthToSustainProductionPulletLayingHenGrownPullet遵守生理規律RespectPhysiologicalRules現代蛋雞生產模擬自然的季節性

ModernLayerProductionMimicsNaturetoTrickSeasonality后備雞后備雞育雛育成期產蛋期雛雞須要強光來找尋食物和飲水 Chicksneedintenselighttofindfeed&water雛雞須要長時間的光照來采食和飲水 Chicksneedmanyhoursoflighttoeat&drink雛雞也須要休息的時間 Chicksdoneedarestperiod第一周：20小時間照 Week1:20hoursoflight循環的光照和黑暗時間以刺激采食量和飲水量-間歇性光照 Cyclelightanddarkperiodstostimulatefeed&waterintake–intermittentlighting生理規律:后備雞PhysiologicalRules:Pullets

漸漸降低：通過光照時間和強度的削減來模擬秋天的光照模式 StepDown:↓daylength&intensitytomimicfalllightpattern褪黑激素分泌增加：阻斷促性腺激素釋放激素和促黃體素 ↑Melatoninsecretion:keepsgonadotropin-releasinghormone(GnRH)&luteinizinghormone(LH)blocked刺激：光照時間增加以模擬春天 Stimulation:↑daylengthtomimicspring褪黑激素分泌下降：刺激促性腺激素釋放激素和促黃體素的分泌 ↓Melatoninsecretion:stimulateGnRH&LHsecretion起先排卵產蛋階段 OnsetovulationLayingphase生理規律：后備雞PhysiologicalRules:Pullets除非想刺激產蛋，否則不要增加光照強度和時間 Donotincreaselightintensityordaylengthuntilyouwanttostimulateproduction進入產蛋期后，每周緩慢增加光照時間可以幫助維持較高的產蛋高峰 Increasedaylengthbysmallamountweeklyenteringintolayhelpsbirdsmaintainhighproductionpeak雞只接著生長并成熟直到32周齡，對于正在生長和成熟的雞只，緩慢的刺激特殊關鍵 Birdscontinuetogrowandmatureto32weeks.Slowstimulationiscriticaltothestillgrowing&maturingbird光照時間的削減對成年雞來說意味著換羽 Decreasingdaylengthforadultbirdsisasignaltostartmolting生理規律：后備雞和產蛋雞

PhysiologicalRules:Pullets&Layers雛雞到達之前就制定好光照程序 Planyourlightingprogrambeforechicksarrive了解光照對于后備雞生長發育的影響 Understandimpactoflightonpulletgrowthanddevelopment體重達標后再起先加光刺激開產 Alwayswaittolightstimulatebirdsforproductionuntilbodyweightgoalsaremet光照程序LightingProgram白熾燈 Incandescent熒光燈 Fluorescent鹵素燈 HalogenLED燈

LED?Hy-LineInternational燈泡的選擇Availablelightbulbs?Hy-LineInternational燈泡對比Bulbcomparison?Hy-LineInternationalBulbcomparisonLED燈有眾多的優勢 LEDlightshavealotofadvantages照舊須要學習 Thereisstillalearningcurve了解明暗度Understandingdimming測定強度 Measuringintensity?Hy-LineInternational換成LED燈SwitchingtoLED調光器必需與特殊的LED燈安裝模式相匹配 DimmersneedtobecompatiblewithspecificLEDinstalled調光器不匹配將導致LED燈閃爍、過熱、更快的燒毀 IncompatibledimmercancauseLEDlightstoflicker,overheat,orburnoutmorequickly與LED燈生產廠家合作以保證調光器正確安裝 WorkwithLEDmanufacturertoensureyouhavethecorrectdimmerinstalled?Hy-LineInternational調整LED燈亮度DimmingLEDlights傳統的測光儀器無法在雞舍中精確測定LED燈 TraditionallightmeterscannotbeusedtomeasureLEDlightsaccuratelyinapoultryhouse多數測光儀的刻度標度為可見光為“白光”時的溫度，大約在2800K并且波長為550-560納米 Mostlightmetersarecalibratedforvisiblelightata"white"colortemperature,usually~2800Kandmostcloselyassociatedwith~550-560nmwavelengths.多數傳感器和濾鏡的光譜反應都是依據國際照明委員會（CIE）規定的可見光和人眼的反應曲線設計的 ThespectralresponseofmostsensorsandfiltersaredesignedtomeettheCIEphotopic/HumanEyeResponsecurve.測定LED光照強度

MeasuringLEDlightintensity?Hy-LineInternational測定光照強度MeasuringlightintensityC