高考英語七選五題型解題方法之結構法Teachingaims:Tostrengthenstudents’abilityofdiscoursethinking;Tohelpstudentsimprovereadingskillsondiscourseanalysis;Toenablestudentstosolveproblemscorrectlyandeffectivelywithlearnedskillsandmethods.Importantanddifficultteachingpoints:TogetstudentstomasterthestructurepatternsofdiscoursesandsentencesTogetstudentstoapplywritinglogicinreadingTeachingprocedures:Step1:lead-inAbriefintroductiontothepropositionrulesandleadtothetopicthatwearegoingtopresentinthefollowinglesson考查重點：考查考生對文章的整體內容和結構的理解和掌握考查考生對上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。設空類型：段首、段中、段尾解題思路：從結構和大意兩個方面宏觀把握。解題方法：結構法，邏輯法，詞匯法。Step2：TosolveproblemsusingdiscoursestructuresIntroducethethreeapplyingtypesofdiscoursesstructures語篇結構法的依據：文章脈絡和語篇結構Threetypesofdiscoursestructures:總分結構；承上啟下；首尾呼應1.總-分結構高考鏈接：example1:（2018年I卷）……Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones，andthelargeones.___38___They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwalls：andlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesarcgenerallyfurniturepiecessuchas……Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,……A. WhileallofthemareusefulB. Whateveryou’relookingforC. Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwith解題錦囊：注意文章首段中出現的數詞和連續的并列名詞；注意各分段的首句，各分段之間往往為并列關系，且內容與首段相對應。Practice:（2018北京卷）WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(觸發)events,personalitytraits(特征),andourassessmentofsituations.Understanding?these?reasons?will?control?our?own?anger?if?we?are?willing?toevaluate?ourselves?with?a?critical?eye.(para2)Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethe……(para3)Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthat……(para4)54Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消極的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.C.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.2.承上啟下高考鏈接:example1:（2018浙江卷）Movingintoanewhomeinanewneighborhoodisanexcitingexperience.Ofcourse,youwanttomakesurethatyoubecomeanacceptableandvaluablepartofyourneighborhood.Theeasiestwaytoaccomplishthisistomakesureyouconductyourselfasagoodneighborshould.___31_____Perhapsoneofthemostimportantthingsyoucandoasagoodneighboristokeepyourproperty(房產)neat,clean,andingoodrepair……Second,taketheoverallappearanceoftheneighborhoodseriously,.Whengoingfor……E.Shouldyoucomeacrosswastepaperthrownoutofapassingcar,pickitup.F.Peopletendtolakeprideinkeepingeverythingintheirstreetfreshandinviting.G.Hereareafewtipstohelpyouwinovereveryoneintheneighborhoodquickly解題錦囊：引出下文的信號詞:hereare;thefollowing;be(going)to;next;below等；承接上文的信號詞：時間類：later;then;afterthat;thenext…;finally等；空間類：表示地點和方位的介詞短語其它信號詞：another;besides;what’smore;furthermore等Practice:（2019年I卷）……Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood（情緒）．Greeneryisgoodforus．HospitalpatientsWhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead．39CItgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace．40Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．A．Freshaircleansourlungs．B．Sowhatareyouwaitingfor？C．Beinginnaturerefreshesus．D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight．3.首尾呼應：Example1:Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.39（2017年III卷）A.Getasleepspecialist.B.Findtherightmotivation.E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.解題錦囊：利用首句和尾句的呼應關系Example2:Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?37(2014年II卷)E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.Step3：TosolveproblemsusingsentencepatternsIntroducethethreeapplyingtypesofsentencepatterns同構復現法：利用上下文中重復的句子結構解題的方法Threetypesofsentencepatterns：主題句；排比句；并列句1.并列句中的同構復現并列結構(compoundsentences)——表比較、并列或遞進關系的相鄰兩個句子在結構上往往相同或相似Example1:(2016全國I)Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,”bridge“mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me.”Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.”40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.It

is

very

hard

to

break

a

code

without

the

code

book.

B.In

any

language,

some

letters

are

used

more

than

others.解題錦囊：注意并列結構的信號詞順承：and;also;besides;aswell;遞進：moreover;what’smore;furthermore;inaddition比較：while;likewise;similarlyExample2:(2019全國II)37Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.Thiscanaffectyourwork.

B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.2.主題句結構(topicsentences)——小標題，段首主題句的結構往往相似Example1:Thinkahead.Makeyourtimeworthit.____39____Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.A.Trynewthings.

D.Understandyourfoodbetter.

E.Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.

F.Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.解題錦囊：迅速瀏覽各段首句或小標題，并注意其結構Example2:（2018年II卷）Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.39Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.A．Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B．Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.3.排比結構（parallelsentences）：三個或三個以上相鄰句子以相同或相似的結構出現Example1：Industrieshavespreaddownsomeofthewaterwaysofthedelta,butotherwisethedeltaisaremoteplace,thehomelandofalittlecolonyofFrenchCanadiansthattheBritishdroveoutofNovaScotiainthe18thcentury.TheystillspeakFrench,mixedwithEnglish,Indian,SpanishandNegroidioms.Theykeeptothemselves,farmingtherichsoilofthedelta._(73)E.However,theypaddledupanddowntheMississippiintheirboatstoseektheirfortune.F.The“GreatWater”alwaysremain