PolymerPhysics高分子物理徐君庭，沈烈Teachers任課教師徐君庭高分子大樓419;87953164沈烈高分子大樓310;87953712

Booksandreferences

教材與參考書方征平，宋義虎，沈烈 高分子物理(PolymerPhysics) 浙江大學出版社,杭州,2008何曼君，陳維孝，董西俠 高分子物理(修訂版) 復旦大學出版社，上海，1990金日光，華幼卿 高分子物理(第二版) 化學工業出版社，北京，2000L.H.Sperling IntroductiontoPhysicalPolymerScienceP.J.Flory PricinplesofPolymerChemistry電子教案實驗教學特色教學學習資料概念圖解(完善中，歡迎同學參加！)教學課件名詞解釋教學大綱實驗內容實驗儀器教學研究學生作業習題Introduction緒論Polymersarelong-chainmoleculesofveryhighmolecularweight,oftenmeasuredinthehundredsofthousands高分子是由成千上萬個結構單元以共價鍵重復連接而成的長鏈分子DefinitionsofPolymers 高分子的定義MacromolecularHypothesis(1920)TheoriginofmodernpolymerscienceHermanStaudinger1953NobelprizeawarderPolymer 聚合物Macromolecule大分子HighPolymer高聚物Nomenclature 高分子術語Monomer單體

Molecule小分子Oligomer齊(低)聚物ClassificationofsyntheticpolymersClassificationaccordingto:PhysicalstructureThermalbehaviourUsePreparationmethodPhysicalStructureLinearpolymersmayberepresentedbyachainwithtwoends.Branchedpolymers

havesidechains,orbranches,ofsignificantlengthwhicharebondedtothemainchainatbranchpoints,andarecharacterizedintermsofthenumberandsizeofthebranches.

Polymerswithwell-controlledmodesofbranching:

comblikepolymers,starpolymers,dendrimers,etc.Networkpolymers

havethree-dimensionalstructuresinwhicheachchainisconnectedtoallothers,andarecharacterizedbytheircrosslinkingdensityordegreeofcrosslinking(numberofjunctionpointsperunitvolume).shortbranchingpolymercomblikepolymerstarpolymerdendrimerhyperbranchpolymercore1stgeneration2ndgeneration3rdgenerationThermalBehaviorThermosetsRigidmaterialsandnetworkpolymersinwhichchainmotionisgreatlyrestrictedbyahighdegreeofcrosslinking.Intractableonceformed.Degraderatherthanmeltuponheating.Thermoplastics(plastics)Linearorbranchedpolymerswhichcanbemeltedupontheapplicationofheat.(Largestproportionofthepolymersusedinindustry.)Crystallinepolymers

Invariablydonotformperfectcrystallinematerialsbutinsteadaresemicrystallinewithbothcrystallineandamorphousregions.

Thecrystallinephaseofsuchpolymersarecharacterizedbytheirmeltingtemperature(Tm).

Amorphouspolymers

Characterizedbytheirglasstransitiontemperature(Tg),thetemperatureatwhichtheytransformabruptlyfromtheglassstate(hard)totherubberystate(soft).Thistransitioncorrespondstotheonsetofmotionofchainsegments.PreparationMethod2typesofpreparationmethods:additionpolymerscondensationpolymersdifferences:condensationproducesabyproduct,e.g.watercondensationpolymersoftenhavenon-CatomsinbackbonechainsAdditionpolymersformedbyaddingmanymonomerunitstogetherthroughchemicalbondse.g.polyethylenenCH2=CH2 -[CH2-CH2]-n ethylenemonomer PolyethyleneOtheradditionpolymers:polypropylene,poly(methylmethacrylate),polystyrene,poly(vinylchloride)Condensationpolymerstwomoleculescombinewiththeformationandlossofanothersmallermoleculee.g.poly(ethyleneterephthalate)(PET)TerephthalicacidEthyleneglycolBlockcopolymersarelinearcopolymersinwhichtherepeatunitsexitonlyinlongsequences,orblocks,ofthesametype.E.g.,ABdiblockcopolymers~~-A-A-A-A-A-A-A--A-A-B-B-B-B-B-B-B~~ABAtriblockcopolymers~~-A-A-A-A-A-A-B-B-B-B-B--B-A-A-A-A-A-~~Graftcopolymersarebranchedpolymersinwhichthebrancheshaveadifferentchemicalstructuretothatofthemainchain.

B-B-B-B-B-B-BB-B B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B

B B

~~-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A-A--A-A-A- B B

B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B-B

FromLittleMoleculestoBigMolecules

從小分子到大分子NumberofCarbonsinChainStateandPropertiesofMaterialUse,DependentonChainLength1-4SimplegasBottledgasforcooking5-11SimpleliquidGasoline9-16Medium-viscosityliquidKerosene16-25High-viscosityliquidOilandgrease25-50SimplesolidParaffinwaxcandles1000-3000ToughplasticsolidPolyethylenebottlesandcontainersPolyethyleneMeltingtemperatureMolecularweightThemolecularweight-meltingtemperaturerelationshipforthealkaneseriesHighMWstrongintermolecularinteractionlargenumberofconformationmultiplemotionunitsentanglementviscosity;rheologicalbehavior;mechanicalpropertiestime(frequency)andtemperaturedependencestrength;novaporstateflexibility;elasticitychainfolding(incrystal)crystallinity<100%高分子與小分子的差別orientation;nocubiccrystalsystemanisotropy性