Unit3AmazingpeopleI.詞語辨析：1.receive/acceptreceive：指客觀“收到、獲得”，不涉及主觀意愿。.Shereceivedmanyflowersfromherstudents.Ireceivedyourletterthedaybefore.accept：指主觀同意“接受”.Wouldyouacceptmyapologyformyhavingbeenrudetoyou?Hereceivedyourpresentbuthedidn’tacceptit.2.in/withinin：可解釋為“在……內”，也可解釋為“在……之外、過……時間”，用于將來時。.Theyfinishedtheirworkinthreeworkingdays.Hewillbebackinaboutamonth.within：只解釋為“在……之內、范圍內”。.Theschooliswithintwokilometersfromhere.Withinonlyanhour,theyfinishedthework,whichwasawonder.比較：afterafter：后接一段時間時，通常用于過去時，相當于：…later.Afterthreedays=threedayslater,hecametolife.但當after后接點的時間時，也可用于將來時。.Hewillgohomeafterfiveo’clockthisafternoon.3.left/remaining：adj.剩下的、剩余的、余下的left：作后置定語用。.You’dfinishthetaskwithinthethreeminutesleft.remaining：作前置定語用。.I’llusetheremainingmoneytobuyyouanewpen.習慣上還可用…togo來表示“余下的”，作后置定語。.Therearefiveminutestogo/leftbeforeweleavehere.4.become/turn：變得、成為，均可以后接名詞或形容詞。become：后接名詞或形容詞時，沒什么特殊的注意點。.Themanbecameangrywhenheheardthesewords.Shebecameanactresswhenshewasonly16yearsold.turn：后接名詞時，名詞前不能用冠詞。.Theweatherwillturncoldaswintercomes.Hewillturndoctorwhenhegraduatesfromthemedicalcollege.注：go/get：也可表示變得，只是：get：一般指變好，go：一般指變壞。.Theweatherisgettingbetterthesedays.Theladywentmadwhenheronlysondied.II.重點詞語和句型1.the+adj.：英語中，“the+形容詞”結構用來表示一類人，是復數。.theyoung,theeducated,themiddle-aged,thewise…Theoldarewelllookedafterinthisoldhouse.Thewoundedarebeingtendedinthehospital.注：表示類別的還可用：a/an+名詞單數（屬于單數）；the+名詞單數（屬于單數）；名詞的復數（是復數）.Ahorseisausefulanimal.Studentsarepersonswhostudyatschool.ThetelephonewasinventedbyamancalledBell.注：表示發明物，用：the+名詞（單數）2.winaprizefor：贏得一個……獎.ShewonaprizeforEnglish.takethefirst/second…placein…：在……比賽中的第……名.Meoutfirst/second…：得第一、二……名.WhocameoutfirstintheEnglishspokencontest?win的用法：winsth.：贏了…….winafootballmatch/battle/war/muchmoney…win…over：把……爭取過來.Hismovingspeechwonmanypeopleovertohisside.3.thewaywelivetoday：我們今天的生活方式。當way作“方式、方法”解，作定語從句的先行詞時，定于從句的引導詞通常用以下三種形式：inwhich、that、×(省略）。.Ilikethewaythat/inwhich/×hedoestheexperiment.Heexpressedhimselfinawaywearenotsofamiliar.4.setsailfor：開始向……航行、駛去.ThenextdaywesetsailfortheUSA.set有許多短語：setaboutdoingsth：著手干…….Soonwesetaboutploughingthefields.setouttodosth：開始干…….Theysetouttomendtheroofofthehouse.setaside：儲蓄、暫時放于一邊.It’swisetosetsomemoneyasideforfutureuse.setoff：出發.Wesetoffearlythenextmorning.setout：出發.Theysetoutforthenorth,hopingtofindland.setup：豎起、搭起、建立.Ourschoolwassetupinthelate50softhelastcentury.setfooton：踏上…….ThisisthefirsttimethatManhassetfootonthisquietplanet—themoon.setfireto…：放火燒…….Someonesetfiretothehouseanditwasburntdowninaboutanhour.5.preserve：保護、保管、保存，維持（現狀）preservesth.=protectsth..Theytriedeverymeanstopreservetheoldtemple.ItishardworktopreservethesebooksdatingfromtheTangDynasty.Foodpreservedinfridgewillstayfreshforalongtime.preserve…from…：保護……免于/免受…….Thismethodwillpreservethefoodfromgoingrotten.Pleasedrawthecurtainclosetopreserveyoureyesfromthestrongsunlight.preserveone’sstrength,preserveone’ssight,…6.be(well)known/famousfor：因……而出名、聞名.Chinaisfamous/wellknownforitslonghistory.Thewriterisfamous/wellknownforhispoems,notforhisstories.beknown/famousas：作為……而出名、聞名.Luxuniswellknown/famousasarevolutionarywriter.Nanjingisknown/famousasoneofthefourhotstovesinChina.beknown/famousto：為……人所知.Thesingeriswellknown/famoustoallofus.7.Itisthemostimportant…thatsb.havedone.：在形容詞的最高級后面跟從句時，從句中要用完成時。.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseensofar.SheisthemostcleverstudentthatIhaveeverseeninthisschool.還有一個句型也要注意：It/Thisisthefirst/second…timethatsb.havedonesth.ThisisthefifthtimethatshehasbeeninBeijingthisyear.ItisthefirsttimeIhaveheardsuchathinglikethat.8.stir（stirred,stirred,stirring)：vt.攪動、攪拌、把……攪進.Pleasestirthewaterwhenitboils.Shestirredtheteawithagoldenspoon.vt.激起（感情）、使……興奮.Thequestionstirredourinterestandcuriosity.Theinterestingstorystirredthechildren’simagination.9.empty：adj.：空的.Theemptyroomwassoonfilledwithchairsandtables.Thebagwasemptyandsothebookswerelost.vt.倒空、傾空.Themanemptiedhispocketstoprovehiswords.Soonthewholebuildingwasemptiedandwouldbepulleddown.10.fall+adj.：變成……（的狀態），fall在這種結構中作系動詞用。.fallill,fallasleep,fallapart,fallsilent,fallblind,fallbehind…11.leadto：通向……、導致……,（to是介詞）.Hardworkwillleadtosuccess.Whatledtothebigfirelastnight?Hiswordsleadtoaheateddiscussionamongthestudents.Whichroadleadstothepostoffice?Theroadleadingtotheparkisclosedforrepairs.leadsb.to：帶某人去…….Iwillleadyoutotheplacewhereyourfatherworks.Theboyleadingustothefactoryisajuniorstudent.leadsb.todo…：使某人興起……念頭、誘導某人做…….HiswordsledustobelievethatHeradviceledmetodoitagain.注：leader：領導者；leadership：領導、指揮，在……的領導之下：undertheleadershipofsb.；leading：主要的、領導的、一流的：aleadingscientist12.shortlyafter：……之后不久.Shortlyafterhegraduatedfromcollege,hegotworkinabigcompany.Shecamebackshortlyaftersheheardthenews.13.havesth.todowith：與……有關、有聯系.Shehassomethingtodowiththataccident.Wehavenothingtodowiththatmatteratall.Doyouhaveanythingtodowithwhathesaidjustnow?區分：havesth.done：使某事得予完成，請人做某事。Iwillhavetheradiofixedthisafternoon.14.resultin：結果、導致、引起.Smokingwillresultinillnesses.Drivingafterdrinkingoftenresultsinaccidents.resultfrom：由……而引起.Suchdiseasesoftenresultfromeatingtoomuch..Severaldeathsresultedfromhiscarelessdriving.asaresult(of…)：因為、由于（……）.Manyanimalsdiedasaresultofpollutionfromfactoriesandcars.Hedidn’tstudyhardenough,asaresult,hefailedtopasstheexam.15.enter：vt.進入、加入…….Theteacherenteredtheclassroomwithapictureinhishand.Sheentereduniversitywhenshewasonly18yearsold.enterinto：開始（談話、討論等）.Theyenteredintoconversationwithus.Thetwostudentsenteredintoaseriousdiscussion.entrance：入口、大門，theentranceto….：……的入口類似的有：keytothedoor,notestothetext,answertothequestion,….16.inadvance：事先、提前.YoushouldpaymeinadvanceandI’llhelpyouwiththisproblem.Ishalldrawsomemoneyfromthebandinadvancebeforethetrip.inadvanceof：在……前面.Shewalkedtwometersinadvanceoftheothers.Hisideawasinadvanceofhistimeandfewpeoplecouldunderstandit.17.wonder：vi.wonderatsth.：對……感到驚奇、驚訝；vt.wonder+從句：驚奇…….Weareallwonderingatthelittleboy’scleveranswer.Theywonderedatmystrangebehavior.IwonderthatyougottheresultearlierthanIvi.wonderaboutsth.：想知道有關…….I’mwonderingaboutthewaystosolvetheproblem.Weneverwonderabouthisreasonforbeinglate.vt.想知道…….Weallwonderedwhodiditandwhyhedidit.I’mjustwonderinghowIcanrepairthecarquickly.n.奇跡、神奇的人或事.Therearemanywondersintheworld.(奇人奇事）Itisreallyawonderthathesurvivedtheterribleflood.Itisnowonder(that)….=Nowonder(that)…：難怪…….Nowonderthathewaspunishedbyhisfatherlastnight.18.Itisbelieved/said/known/reported…that…：人們相信、據說、眾所周知、據報道……這一句型中，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。.Itisbelievedthathehasmadealotofmoneybydoingbusiness.Itisknownthatthesethingsarecommonnowadays.ItissaidthatwewillhaveanEnglishexamnextweek.這一句型可以改寫成：Sb./Sth.bebelieved/said/known/reportedtodo/havedone/tobe/tobedoing….。.Tomissaidtohaveseenthefilmalready.Mr.Blackisreportedtobemakinganimportantexperimentinthelab.SheisknowntohavebeenaRedArmyWomanalongtimeago.19.contribute：vt.捐贈、提供=donate,contribute…to….：吧……捐贈給…….Theoldladycontributedlotsofmoneytothecharity.Iwanttocontribute100bookstotheschoollibrary.contributeto…：有助于……、對……有利.Properexercisecontributestogoodhealth.Readingcontributestodevelopingmind.Agooddietcontributestoaquickrecovery.makecontributionsto：對……作貢獻.Thescientisthasmadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.20.wouldratherwouldrather=hadrather+do…（thando…)：寧可做……(而不愿做……）.Iwouldratherstayathomereadingthanseethefilm.Shewouldratherdieindignitythanliveinhumiliation.wouldrather+that從句…(從句中用過去時態表示虛擬語氣）.Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’thelpedmelastweek.Wewouldratherhewouldn’tcometomorrow.21.pay：n.薪資.Thisisyourpaythisweek.vt.支付pay(sb.)moneyfor(doing)sth..Haveyoupaid(money)forthebook?Ipaidhim50yuanforhelpingmewithmywork.pay的常用短語：payback：償還： .Whenwillyoupaymymoneyback?payfor：付……的款 .HelpmeandI’llpayforit.payoff：全部還清、得到報償 .Ipaidoffallthemoneylastweek. Ifeelallmyworkhasbeenpaidoff.payup：付清、繳清 .Youcanpayupmymoneyinthreemonths.注：區分pay、spend、cost、take的用法。pay：主語是“人”spend：主語是“人”，常用：spendtime/moneyonsth./(in)doingsth.cost：主語是“物”，常用：(Doing)sth.costsb.sth.(money/time/energy….).Thepencosthim100yuanTheboy’sillnesscostthemothermanysleeplessnights.Carelessdrivingcosthimaleg.take：主語通常是“物”，常用句式：(Doing)sth.takesb.time或：Ittake(sb.)timetodosth..Ittookusabouteighthourstorepairthebrokencar.Thebridgetooktheworkerstwoyearstocomplete.22.Ifbreathedin,….：這是一個省略句，因為從句的主語與主句的主語相同，把從句的主語省了。.Pleaseanswerinaloudenoughvoicewhen(youare)spokento.Willyouhelphimif(youare)askedto?Thewaterwillnotbefittodrinkonce(itis)polluted.III.語法點撥：過去完成時過去完成時表示：在過去某個時間點以前或過去的某個動作之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態。過去完成時主要用于以下的幾種情況：1.用于動作之間的比較：如果一個動作或狀態發生于一個過去的動作之前，須用過去完成時；.Shehadwellpreparedherlessons,soshegotfullmarksintheexam.IhadfinishedmyhomeworkwhenIwenttobed.Wehadalreadyknownthenewsbeforehetoldusaboutit.2.直接引語是一般過去式和現在完成時，把它們轉換成間接引語時，一般用過去完成時；.“Ididn’tgohomelastSunday,”shetoldme.→Shetoldmethatshehadn’tgonehometheSundaybefore.“Wehavealreadyheardaboutthebadnews,”theysaid.→Theysaidthattheyhadalreadyheardaboutthebadnews.3.當句子中含有“by…”引導的過去時間狀語時；.Ihadgraspedabout10000Englishwordsbytheendof2000.Bythetimeshecame,wehadalreadycompletedourworkandwaswaitingforher.4.表示思維活動的動詞直接用過去完成時，表示一個過去未曾實現的想法或愿望，解釋為：本來想、本來以為、本來希望…….Ihadhopedtocomeintotheclassroomwithouttheteacher’snotice.ShehadthoughtthatIwouldgoandhelpher.Wehadwantedtogothere,buttheweatherwasbad,sowestayedathome.注：表示“想、打算”的動詞，有時候它們的過去式也可表示這一含義。.Ithoughtyouwouldlikeit,soIbroughtithere.Iintendedtohelpyou,butwasunabletoleavehome.IV.鞏固練習：1.Thecaptainstoodbythesideoftheship,_____thanksfromthepassengersastheywalkeddown.A.receiving B.accepting C.toreceive D.toaccept2.Hewillcometogiveusareport____8o’clockthisevening.A.in B.within C.after D.for3.—Areyou_______anybetter?—Better?No,I’m_____frombadtoworse.A.becoming…turning B.turning…goingC.getting…turning D.getting…going4.Itisbelievedthat______isinventedby========,anAmerican.A.acomputer B.thecomputer C.computer D.computers5.Mysister_____firstintheNMETinourschool.A.won B.tookthe C.cameout D.comethe6.Canyoutellmetheway____yousolvetheproblem?Whichansweriswrong?A.which B.that C.inwhich D./7.Thisschoolwas_______intheearly50s.A.setup B.putup C.builtup D.comeup8.Heisknown_____peoplealloverthecountry____agoodsinger___thissong.A.for…to..as.. B.to…for….as C.as…for…to D.to…as…for9.Sheisthemosthard-workingstudentthatI________.A.taught B.teach C.havetaught D.hadtaught10.Hetoldmeitwasthesecondtimethathe_______inShanghaithatyear.A.hasbeen B.hadcome C.came D.ha