Unit5TheBattleAgainstAIDSacquire

v.1.獲得；取得HowdidTomacquirehiswealth?2.學到，習得，培養（技能，習慣，品質）

Ihaveacquiredatasteforwhisky.acquireknowledgeof求得...的知識e.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.acquirementn.取得,獲得;學得;[pl.]學識,技藝acquire/obtain/gainacquire強調通過不斷地學、問等慢慢地獲取學問、技術等較抽象的事物。

Annamustworkhardtoacquireagoodknowledgeofmechanics.obtain較正式用詞，主要指通過相當長的時間或很大的努力獲得期望已久的東西。Theyimmediatelysetouttoobtainthelatestnews.gain指通過努力與付出而得到，但需付出比obtain更大的努力，含有通過競爭獲得某些有價值的東西的成分。Shegainedfullmarksintheexamination.immune

a.（常against,from,to與連用）免疫的；e.g.Themedicinewillmakeyouimmunetothedisease.這種藥可以使你免于感染這種疾病。beimmunefrompunishment免除處罰Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.immunebody(=antibody)疫苗注射后產生的免疫體beimmunefrom/against/to不受影響的，免除的，安全的deficiency

n.缺乏,不足e.g.deficienciesinthisplan這項計劃的缺陷anutritionaldeficiency.營養缺乏Thelittlegirlhasaslightcalciumdeficiency.Thedeficiencyoftheplanisveryclearanditcan’tbesuccessful.deficient缺乏的；不足的a.有缺陷的人[東西]e.g.deficientincourage缺乏勇氣的amentaldeficient智力缺陷者sufficiencyn.充足，充分syndromee.g.Thesyndromeislikelytostrikethosewhoseimmuneabilityisdamaged.

那些免疫系統受到破壞的人身上可能出現這些癥狀。symptom癥兆，癥候Feverisasymptomofmanyillnesses.發燒是許多疾病的癥兆。SymptomsofSARSincludehighfiver,headache,sweating,restlessness,thirst,andpossiblycoma,andconvulsion.diagnose

v.判斷,根據科學資料分類或決定e.g.Thedoctordiagnosedtheillnessasinfluenza.醫生診斷此病為流行感冒。e.g.Theteacherdiagnosedtheboy'sreadingdifficulties.老師找出那孩子閱讀上困難的原因。diagnosablea.可診斷的diagnosisn.診斷infectbeinfectedwith(thenameofadisease)e.g.ThebloodtestshowsthatthemanwasinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.血檢表明這個人染上了艾滋病病毒。Mary'shighspiritsinfectedallthegirlsintheclass.瑪麗振奮的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子.infection感染；傳染；污染,傳染病aerialinfection空氣傳染/contactinfection接觸傳染/crossinfection交叉感染[傳染]/insectinfection昆蟲傳染/virusinfection病毒感染infectiousa.有傳染性的,易傳染的,有感染力的constitute

v1.makeup;form制定(法律),建立(政府),組成,任命e.g.constituteadirectthreattosb.對某人構成直接威脅constitutenewtrafficregulations制定新交通規則7daysconstituteaweek.2.beapartofawhole為……的成分

Loneparentsconstituteagreatproportionofthepoor.constitute3.beorbeequivalentto(sth)相當于

Hisfailuretoactconstitutedabreachofduty.他不能演出，這相當于失職。constitutionn.憲法,構造,體質haveagood/poorconstitution體質好［差］segment

n.段,節,片斷,部分v.分割e.g.asegmentofatelevisionprogram.adishoforangesegmentsBlackpeopleconstitutethepoorestsegmentofsocietyinthecountry.黑人是這個國家最窮的社會群體。同義：sectionalarm

n.驚慌；警報e.g.raise/givethealarm發出警報soundthealarm鳴警報。hear/receivethealarm.Vt.使驚慌，使擔心inalarm慌忙e.g.Hearingascream,shesatupinalarm.聽到尖叫聲，她慌忙坐起來。Thenewsthatwarmightbreakoutalarmedthepeople.戰爭可能爆發的消息使人們驚恐不安。bealarmedat...被...嚇一跳bealarmedfor...放心不下,擔心(...的安全)federal

Federalagent[美]聯邦調查局人員FederalBureauofInvestigation[美]聯邦調查局(略作FBI)thefederalgovernment聯邦政府thestategovernment州政府federationn.同盟;聯盟;聯邦政府,聯合總會afederationofstudents學生聯合會afederationoflaborunions總工會implement

e.g.implementacontract履行合同Thegovernmentisimplementingitsprogramofhelpingthepoor.政府在實施扶貧政策。implement,instrument,tool,appliance都含“工具”的意思。implement指“在工作中任何有用或必需的器械”,尤指“較簡單的農田或園藝工具”,如:newtypesoffarmimplements新式農具。instrument指“用于精細工作或科學技術的工具”,如:surgicalinstruments外科器械。tool多指“手工操作的簡單工具”,如:toolsforcarpenters木工工具。appliance指“工具”、“器具”、“器械”、“電氣用具”,如:anapplianceforopeningtincans開馬口鐵罐頭的器具。emerge

Themoonemergedfrombehindtheclouds.月亮從云后出現。同義：appearv.出現，公開露面

comeout出來反義：submergen&v浸沒,淹沒,潛水combat

n.戰斗,格斗singlecombat一對一的打斗v.斗爭conflict,和…作戰oppose,搏斗,抗擊Tbatdiseases與疾病作斗爭combatliberalism反對自由主義同義：battlev.作戰，戰斗contestv.爭斗，競爭fightv.打架resourceexploitnaturalresources開發自然資源materialresources物力resourceoflabourforce勞動力資源resourceofproduction生產資源amanofresource足智多謀的人;機智的人amanofnoresources無資力的人;毫無辦法的人;閑極無聊的人attheendofone'sresources山窮水盡,無計可施,智窮才盡Heislostwithoutresource.他徹底完蛋[失敗]了。publication

n.1.出版物thelistofnewpublications新書目錄2.公布，發表，出版Thenewspaperhasceasedpublication.報紙已停刊

publishv.出版，發行；publica.公眾的公用的，n.公共場所，公眾literacy

n.有文化，有教養，有讀寫能力illiteracy文盲

aliteracycampaign掃盲運動aliteracyclass掃盲班literaturen.文學(作品),文藝literarya.文學的literaryworks文學作品literala.字母的字面上的,沒有夸張的,求實的

solve

e.g.solveaproblem[puzzle]解決問題[疑惑]solveacrime解釋犯罪行為solution解答,解決辦法,解決方案resolven.決心,決定v.決心=decideresolvedongoingsth議決resolveto議決投票表決,resolveinto解決,使分解,溶解,解決,轉變resolveAintoB=turnAintoBillustrate

(be)illustratedwith[by]以...說明之Letmegiveanotherexampletoillustratethisusageoftheword.Theguideisillustratedwithfull-colorphotographs.2.serveasanexampleof為…例證，證明…TheWorldCupillustratedwhathighstandardsourplayersmustachieve.illustratorn.說明者，插圖畫家，illustrativea.說明性的，例證性的establishv.1.建立，創辦Ourschoolwasestablishedin1956.2.開始（接觸，交流）Thetwocompaniesestablisheddiplomaticrelationsin1992.3.使（某人）得到承認，使被接受Hehadestablishedhimselfasafilmstar.establishmentn.建立，設立establisheda.已制定的，確定的同義：setup，found反義demolish，destroyrisk

n.冒險,風險,危險人物

Allthepeoplewhoknowthissecretrepresentasecurityrisk.She’asecurityrisk.atrisk有危險indangerofrun/takerisksinsth/doingsth冒險v冒...的危險e.g.Heriskedhislifewhenhesavedthechildfromthefire.Don'triskit.Itisn'tworthit.define

definesb.'sduties規定某人的任務defineone'sposition表明立場Themountainwasclearlydefinedagainstthelightoftheeasternsky.東方天空的光芒使那座山清晰地顯露出來。definitea,有明確界限的；明確的definitionn.定義,解說,精確度,清晰度

redefinev.重新定義,重新考慮plague（與of連用）數量大得無法控制的有害物aplagueofrats泛濫成災的老鼠e.g.Airpollutionisregardedasaplagueofthenation.vt.折磨,使苦惱,Fearsaboutthewarhasplaguednearlyhalfofthepopulationinthecountry.e.g.Plaguewasthenprevailinginthatcity.當時瘟疫正在該城流行。plaguewith用...來煩擾人,用...來折磨人Hewasplaguingherwithquestions.

crisis

(pl)-ses轉折點，決定性時刻,危機；難關atacrisis/crossroad在緊急關頭bring/cometoacrisis使陷入危機faceacrisis面臨危局passacrisis渡過危機aneconomiccrisiscuren.Thereisnocureforthef