Unitone

AutomobileBasicsContentsPre-questionsII.Text

ExplanationIII.ExercisesTypesofModernAutomobiles1）cars

2）passengercars3）trucks4）tractorsandvehiclecombination5）specialtypevehicle6）Self-dumpingcar7）farmvehicle8)off-roadvehicle

Pre-questionsSpecialvehicle

carTractorTruck

PassengerCars

2、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtypeenginearrangementanddrivingtypediagramfrontengine

、front-wheeldrive

frontengine

、rear-wheeldriveRearengine、

rear-wheeldrivePre-questionsDoyouknowwhobuiltthefirstcarintheworldandwhen?KarlBenzIn1886Pre-questionsHowmanymainpartsdoestheautomobileconsistof?1-engine2-chassis3-body4--electricalsystemPre-questionsNewWordsandNewWordsandExpressions

component[k?m'p?un?nt]n.成分，組成，部件，零件chassis['∫?si]n.底盤transmission[tr?nz'mi∫?n]n.變速器，傳動,傳動系統，傳送，發射ignite[ig'nait]v.點火,點燃suspension[s?s'pen∫?n]n.懸架，懸掛NewWordsandNewWordsandExpressions

spark-ignitionengine點燃式發動機compression-ignitionengine壓燃式發動機storagebattery蓄電池ignitioncoil點火線圈powertrain傳動系，動力裝置propellershaft傳動軸(=driveshaft)SectionATheBasicComponentsofanAutomobile

Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscanbegroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipments.Engine

Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledheatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.ChassisThechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartsofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.BodyAnautomobilebodyisasheetmetalshellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.ElectricalEquipmentTheelectricalsystemsupplieselectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofabattery,andanalternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebattery.Whichiscalledthe“heart”ofautomobile?AnenginethatisusedtosupplypowerforanautomobileWhatisthechassiscomposedof?Powertrain,suspension,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.

QuestionsPowertrainsystemBrakesystemSteeringsystemSuspensionsystemPre-questionsWhatistheelectricalsystemcomposedof?Theelectricsystemincludesthebattery,generator,startingsystem,ignitionsystem,lightingsystem,hornsystem,radioandotherdevices.Pre-questionsWhatarethefunctionsofthefoursystems?Drivingsystem

worksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.Suspensionsystem’sfunctionistoincreasestrengthanddurabilityofcomponentsandtomeetcustomers’requirementsforridingcomfortanddrivingsafety.Steeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofanautomobile.

Brakesystemisusedtoretardthemotionofthevehicle.

QuestionsSectionCReadingAnautomobileormotorcar(usuallyshortenedtojustcar)isawheeledpassengervehiclethatcarriesitsownengineormotor.Mostdefinitionsofitspecifythatautomobilesaredesignedtorunonroads,tohaveseatingforonetoeightpeople,totypicallyhavefourwheels,andtobeconstructedforthetransportofpeopleorgoods.However,thedefinitionisnotprecisebecausetherearemanytypesofvehiclesthatdosimilartasks.Inotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedofthesectionssuchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricsystem.Inotherwords換句話說becomposedof由….組成

譯文：換句話說，任何一輛汽車都是由發動機、底盤、車身和電器設備組成的。

II.TextExplanationInotherwords

Inotherwords,theyremainrelativelyconstantorstatic.

換句話說，它們相對的穩定、靜止。

Inotherwords,wehaveadheredtoscientificsocialism.

也就是說，我們堅持了科學社會主義。

becomposedofNavymustbecomposedofsurfaceshipunitandsubmarineunit.

海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊和潛艇部隊組成。II.TextExplanationIII.ExercisesTranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoChinese.chassisdrivingsysteminternalcombustionenginesteeringsystembrakingsystempropellershaftGeneratorTransmissionIgnitioncoilSuspensionEngineComponentStoragebattery底盤傳動系統內燃機轉向系統制動系統傳動軸發電機變速器點火線圈懸掛發動機零件蓄電池IdentifytheEnglishnamesofchassisaccordingtothepicture.III.Exercisesengine;clutch(離合器）;transmission;propellershaft;differential（差速器）;rearaxle（后軸）I.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Ineffect,thedrivingsystemworksbytransmittingenginepowertothedrivingwheels.實際上，傳動系統的作用是將發動機的動力傳遞到驅動車輪。Theelectricsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.電氣系統可為汽車提供照明和驅動的電力。Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearancefo