6.4語法填其他體裁-2020年高考英語專題訓練系列(一)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Atomicenergyisagreatdiscoveryofthepresentcentury,andmanypeoplehaveplayedapartinitsdevelopment.AlbertEinsteintoldtheworldabout1basicideainhisfamousTheoryofRelativityin1905.Asheandotherscientistsbegantodiscovermoreabouttheatom,2learnedthatagreatamountofenergycouldbereleasedbysplitting3atom.However,itwasalsonecessarythatthisenergy4(control).Ifitwerenot,itwouldbeverydangerous.Nowatomicenergyisusedtomoveships,anditmayalsoproveuseful5spaceships.Infact,thisnewsourceofpowerhassomanyuses6itisalmostimpossibletoimagineallthegreatchangesit7(bring)intoourlives.Somescientistssaytheworldneedn'tbeafraidofapossible8(short)ofcoal,oil,naturalgasorothersourcesoffuelforthefuture.Theysaythat9thesewereusedup,therewouldbeenoughofthistypeofenergy10(last)forever.助讀詞匯releasevt.釋放atomicenergyreleasevt.釋放atomicenergy原子能/核能thistypeof這種；這類playapartin在......中扮演角色/起作用split使分裂TheoryofRelativity相對論agreatamountof大量的(二)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。MostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize,butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel,1outstandingscientistandinventor.Besides,hehadabigbusiness2makingandsellingexplosives,whichmaysurpriseyou.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.Isn'tthissomething3surprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?4_AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowar

intheworld.Hewasoneofthe5(rich)inEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswill.Accordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.Weknowthem6theNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthe7(win)tobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountry8camefrom.AlfredNobel9(give)hiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,10helefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.助讀詞匯explosive助讀詞匯explosiven.炸藥outstandingadj.杰出的willn.遺囑benefitn.利益setup設立；建立fundn.基金weaponn.武器interestn.利息；收益effortsn.努力leavebehind留下(三)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。CityName:VaticanCitySize:0.17sq.mi.(0.44km2)Population:approximately1380Location:Rome,Italy1thenearlysamesizeofagolfcourse,theVaticanCityis2(small)countryintheworld.It's_3(basic)walledenclave(有圍墻的飛地)insideofRome,Italy.Itissosmall4theentirecountrydoesnothaveasinglestreetaddress.TheVaticanCitymaybesmall,5itisverypowerful.ItisthesovereignterritoryoftheHolySee,ortheseatoftheCatholicChurch,6hasoveronebillionpeople(aboutoneinsixpeopleontheplanet)asconstituents.TheVaticanCity7(create)in1929bytheLateranTreaty(拉特蘭條約)andisruledbythePope,basicallyanon-hereditary,electedmonarchwhoruleswithabsoluteauthority—indeed,thePopeistheonlyabsolutemonarchinEurope.

8uniquethingaboutthesmallestcountryintheworldisthat9hasnopermanentcitizens.CitizenshipoftheVaticanCityisconferredupon(授予)thosewhoworkattheVatican(aswellastheirspousesandchildren)andisrevoked10theystopworkingthere.助讀詞匯HolySee羅馬教廷absoluteauthority絕對權威HolySee羅馬教廷absoluteauthority絕對權威constituentn.組成部分Popen.羅馬教皇non-hereditaryadj.non-hereditaryadj.非世襲的monarchn.最高統治者；君主spousen.spousen.配偶revokevt.取消；撤銷LateranTreatysovereignterritory有主權的領土LateranTreatytheseatoftheCatholicChurch天主教教廷的所在地(四)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。HolidayinGreatBritainThereareeightpublicholidaysorbankholidaysinayearinGreatBritain,whicharedaysonwhichpeopleneednottogotowork.1areChristmasDay,BoxingDay,NewYear'sDay,GoodFriday,EasterMonday,MayDay,SpringBankHolidayandLateSummerBankHoliday.Theterm“bankholiday”datesback2the19thcenturywhenin1871and1875mostofthesedayswereconstituted(扌旨定)bankholidays,3banksweretobeclosed.Allthepublicholidays,4Christmas(25December)andBoxingDay(26December)donotfallonthesamedateeachyear.Mostoftheseholidaysareof5(religion)origin,thoughforthegreaterpartofthepopulationthey6(lose)theirreligioussignificanceandaresimplydaysonwhichpeoplerelax,eat,drinkandmakemarry.NewYearinEnglandisnotsoenthusiasticallyobservedasChristmas.The7(common)typeof

celebrationisafamilyparty.Atmidnighteveryonehearsthechimes(鐘聲)oftheBigBenand8toastis

drunktotheNewYear.ThemostfamouscelebrationisinLondoninTrafalgarSquare9thereisabig

Christmastree(anannualpresentfromNorway),abigcrowdisusuallygathered10someoneusuallyfallsintothefountain.助讀詞匯

termn.termn.術語toastn.祝酒fallon適逢religioussignificance宗教意義TrafalgarSquare特拉法加廣場observevt.慶祝annualadj.每年的fountainn.噴泉enthusiastically滿腔熱情地fallinto落入；掉進(五)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Peopleinthefuturewillbeabletoenjoyalongerandhealthierlifeandremainactiveeveninoldage.Peoplenow1(pay)moreattentiontotheimportanceofahealthydietand2activelife.Theyarecarefulabout3theyeatandexerciseregularly.Advancesinmedicalsciencealsoallowustodealwithnewdiseases,suchasSARSandAIDS.Somediseases,forexamplesmallpox(天花)，havealreadybeen4(success)defeated.Withabetterunderstandingofthehumanbody,scientistsandphysicianswillbeabletocuremorediseases.Perhapsmoreimportantly,newdiscoveriesingeneticsandbiochemistrymayleadtochangesinthewaydiseases5_(cure)andmedicinesaremade.Homeworkwillalwaysbehomework,6theschoolsofthefuturewillprobablybequitedifferentfromwhattheyaretoday.Wecanstudyathome7watchingeducatorsonTVoronacomputerscreen.Inthefuture,theremaybemore"schoolsontheair”and"e-schools”.Realclassroomswillalwaysbepopular,butdistanceeducationwillhelppeoplestudy8theyhavetimeandwherevertheymaybe.Theway_9viewlearningandknowledgeisalsochanging.Insteadofbeingstudentsonlywhenweareyoung,wewillbecomelifelong_10lifelong_10(learn).助讀詞匯geneticsn.遺傳學；基因學biochemistryn.生物化學advancen.geneticsn.遺傳學；基因學biochemistryn.生物化學advancen.進步physiciann.內科醫生defeatvt.打敗distanceeducation遠程教育(六)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。MillionsofchildrennowusetheInternet,andmillionsmorearecomingonlineeachyear.Childrentakeinterest1theycanmakethingshappenwiththeInternet.Computerswillchange2childrenlearn,communicateandplay.Somepeoplebelievethatschoolswillnolongerbenecessaryinthenearfuture.Theysaidthatbecauseof3_Internet,thereisnolongeranyneed4schoolbuildings,classesandteachers.Perhapsthiswillbetrueoneday,butiftheworldhasnoschools,Ican'timaginewhatour5(social)willbe.Infact,weshouldlearnhowtousenewtechnologytomakeschools6(good).Weshouldinventanewkindofschoolthatisconnected7libraries,museums,sciencecenters,labsandevencompaniesontheInternet.Companiesshouldmakelearningprogramsforschools.ScientistsorprofessorscouldgivetalksthroughtheInternet.TVstationscoulddeveloplearningprogramsforstudents.Labscouldsetupwebsites8(show)newtechnologysothatstudentscouldsee9ontheInternet.Howwillthisbrand-newkindofschoolchangetheusualwayoflearning?Itistooearlytobesure,butitisveryexcitingtothinkaboutit.Wearesurethattechnology10(change)thewaywelearnandschoolswillchangeaswell.助讀詞匯websiten.網站brand-newadj.嶄新的millionsof數以百萬計的takeinterest感興趣setup建立aswellK(=too)(七)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplereade-books.Digitalbooksare1(cheap)topublish,andtheycansavemanyforests.2theyturntextbooksintoe-books,studentsdonothavetobuyheavyandexpensivetextbooks.Theycaninsteadjustcarrysmalllaptopsorjustreadthebooksfromanyschoolcomputer.Surely3printedbooksande-bookshaveadvantages.Printedbooksareeasy4(read)andyoucanreadthemanywhereyouwantandinanyposition.Youcanlieonasofaandread,orlieinyourbedandread.E-booksarecheapandeasytoget.5alsosavealotofroom.Searchingthroughe-booksismucheasierthanthroughprintedbooks,ifyouwanttofindacertaintopicorsomethingelse.E-bookscanbemoreattractiveiftheyaremademultimedia,6(leave)printedbooksfarbehind.

Somepeople,however,don'tliketokeeplooking7ascreenwhentheyarereading8novel.Notonlydoesitmaketheireyesverytired,italsodoesn'tfeelthesame.Theylovethe9(weigh)andeventhesmellofbooks.Thatistosay,readinge-bookscannotfullymatchtheenjoymentandfeelofreadingprintedbooks.Additionally,e-booksarenotforpeople10arecomputer-illiterate(文盲的),orwhodonotfullyunderstandcomputers.助讀詞匯laptopn.手提電腦multimedian.多媒體digitaladj.數字的matchvt.比得上additionallyadv.此外inanyposition以任何姿勢leave...farbehind把遠遠地甩在后面(八)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Thefirstnewspaperwaswrittenbyhandandputuponwallsinpublicplaces.The1(early)dailynewspaperwasstartedinRomein59BC.Inthe700'stheworld'sfirstprintednewspaperwaspublished.Europedidn'thavearegularlypublishednewspaper21609,whenonewasstartedinGermany.ThefirstregularlypublishednewspaperinEnglishwasprintedinAmsterdamin1620.In1621,3EnglishnewspaperwasstartedinLondonandwaspublishedonceaweek.ThefirstdailyEnglishnewspaperwastheDailyCourtant,4cameoutinMarch1702.In1690,BenjaminHarris5(print)thefirstAmericannewspaperinBoston.6notlongafteritwasfirstpublished,thegovernmentstoppedthepaper.In1704,JohnCampbellstartedtheBostonNewspaper,thefirstnewspaper7(publish)dailyintheAmericanColonies(殖民地).81760,thecolonieshadhadmorethanthirtydailynewspapers.Therearenowabout1,800dailypapersinUnitedStates.Today,asagroup,Englishlanguagenewspapershavethelargest9(circulate)intheworld.ButthelargestcirculationforanewspaperisthatoftheJapanesenewspaperAsahiShimbun.10sellsmorethanelevenmillioncopieseveryyear.助讀詞匯regularlyadv.助讀詞匯regularlyadv.定期地putup張貼copyn.份數comeout出現；出版notlongafter之后不久asagroup作為整體；總體來講（九）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Dearfriends,Iamhappytogiveatalk,sharingwhatIlearntaboutfirstaid.Firstaidisthetimelytreatment1(give)totheinjuredbeforedoctorscome.Students2weare,weshouldprepareforanemergencybylearningsomethingaboutfirstaid,_3isurgentlyneededinsomeaccidents.Forexample,ifsomeonesuffersfrom4sprainedanklewhiledoingsports,thebestwaytotreat5istoputanicepackorcoldwateronhisankle.When6(treat)acut,weshouldtakeimmediateactiontocleanthewoundandstopthebleeding.Call120iftheinjuryistooseveretodealwith.Besides,keepingafirst-aidkit7(hand)isawisechoice.Ofcourse,thekitissupposedtocontainnecessaryitemsthatcandealwithavarietyofemergencies.Inconclusion,knowinghowtoperformfirstaidisofgreatimportanceinourdailylife,whichsometimesmeansatotaldifference8lifeanddeath.Only9acoolmindandadequateknowledgeoffirstaidcanweofferahelpinghand10necessary.助讀詞匯timelyadj.及時的emergencyn.緊急情況urgentlyadv.迫切地severeadj.嚴重的performvt.執行adequateadj.足夠的；充足的sprainedankle裸關節扭傷icepack冰袋first-aidkit急救箱besupposedto理應necessaryitems必須物品avarietyof各種各樣的（十）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。FirstAidKitWeshouldallhaveone,andinfact,weshouldallhavemorethanone.1(recommend)statethatyoushouldcarryafirstaidkitinthecar,thereshouldbeafirstaidkitinthehome,intheoffice,atschool,whenyougoouthiking,cyclingoronanyothertypeofoutdooradventure,weneedaccess2firstaidkitsatalltimes.Makesurethatyoufindout3thefirstaidkits4(store)whentheyareneeded.Beingpreparedforanemergencyisvital,andawell-stocked(備貨充足的)firstaidkitcanmakesurethatyouarereadyforemergenciesas5happen.Firstaidkitsareavailablereadymadeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes.Manypeoplefind_6convenienttobuyaready-madefirstaidkit,itsaveshavingtothink,7otherpeopleprefertomakeuptheirownfirstaidkitandbuythenecessaryitems8(individual).Evenifyoubuyaready-madefirstaidkit,however,you'vestillgottocheckitoutoccasionallyto:replaceanyitemswhichhavebeenusedreplaceanymedicationswhich9(become)outofdate?stockuponpersonalizedmedication?makesurethatthebatteriesstillworkintheflashlightTherearesomeitemswhlichmustbeincludedinyourfirstaidkitand10whicharemorepersonal.Thestuff(東西)youmustincludeare:…(Pleasefindouttheitemsonyourown.)助讀詞匯ready-madeadj.現成的medicationn.藥物vitaladj.至關重要的occasionallyadv.偶爾；不定期地availableadj.可用的personalizedadj.個性化的flashlightn.手電筒atalltimes始終gohiking去遠足outofdate過期的checkout核實stockupon置辦6.4語法填其他體裁-2020年高考英語專題訓練系列參考答案本文作者告訴我們核能/原子能的作用，將來它會成為人類取之不盡用之不竭的能源。its此處its指代Atomicenergy's。they此空顯然缺少主語故填代詞，they指代heandotherscientists。an不定冠詞的基本用法，表“一個......(原子)”，atom是元音音素開頭，故填an。(should)becontrolled空前的itwasalsonecessarythat句型后面要用虛擬語氣。control在此作謂語，故只需要考慮時態和語態，energy與control顯然存在被動關系，故填(should)becontrolled,should常省略。for常用搭配，usefulfor...意為"對......有用”。that此處是個so...that...結構，that引導結果狀語從句。willbring此句it7(bring)intoourlives是個定語從句，修飾先行詞greatchanges。bring在此從句中作謂語，故只需要考慮時態和語態。有前面的imagine可知此空應用一般將來時態。shortage形容詞修飾名詞。if此空后面是兩個分句，故填連接詞。if引導條件狀語從句。tolast整句話是個虛擬語氣句型。動詞last在此是非謂語動詞，用不定式作后置定語，修飾energy。本文簡要講述阿爾弗雷德?諾貝爾的一些軼事以及諾貝爾獎設立的歷史和經過。an此空所在的語塊是個同位語。不定冠詞的基本用法，表“一個/一位......”，后的outstanding是元音音素開頭，故填an。from語塊2makingandsellingexplosives既不作主語也不作賓語或表語，故常填介詞。from表"從......”，此外，從下文AlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons也可推知答案。that此處that引導定語從句，先行詞是不定代詞只能用that，不能用which。Although/Though空后是兩個分句，故此空肯定是填連接詞。根據后面的hehatedwar可知，此處存在一個讓步關系，故填Although或Though，引導讓步狀語從句。richest此題是非純空格題，只需要考慮：動詞、形容詞或副詞的比較等級、詞類的轉化。根據句意和oneofthe...不難推知應填最高級。as常用結構know...as...意為"把......稱之為......”。as作為介詞時，常意為“作為”。winners根據句子成分分析，此處缺少賓語，因此填名詞。注意用復數。（有些考生常忘加復數）they此處缺少主語，故填代詞。they指代winners。hadgiven整篇文章的主題時態是一般過去式ogive在此處作為謂語，故只需要考慮時態和語態即可。根據文意可知，此處是講諾貝爾對人類的貢獻和影響，故用完成時最合適。（注意是過去完成時態）but空的前后是兩個分句，故填連接詞。根據文意，此處顯然存在一個轉折關系，故填并列連詞buto（三）本文介紹世界上擁有主權的最小國家一一梵蒂岡。With空后是名詞，且此語塊在句中不作主語、賓語或表語，常填介詞。表有多少人口、多大面積”的介詞短語結構常用with。注意首字母要大寫。thesmallest從空后的intheworld可知此處應用最高級。basically副詞修飾形容詞walled，如：areallypowerfulcountry.that常用結構so...that...,that在此引導結果狀語從句。but根據空前的maybesmall可知，此處顯然存在一個轉折關系。which此處which引導一個非限定性定語從句。wascreated括號內是個動詞且作謂語，只需要考慮時態和語態。從空后的in1929可知用一般過去式。此外，主語TheVaticanCity和動詞create明顯存在被動關系。故填wascreated。Another短文前幾段都是介紹梵蒂岡獨特之處，此段再介紹另外一個獨特的地方，需填不定代詞another。注意首字母要大寫。（高考規定需要大寫的沒大寫，不給分）it分析句子成分可知，此處顯然缺少主語。填it指代theVaticanCity。when空的前后分別是兩個句子，故此空一定是填連接詞。再根據句意，此處明顯是個表時間的從句，故填when引導時間狀語從句。語法填空分析答案要從兩個角度著手：一是根據語法角度，二是根據文/句意角度。（四）本文介紹了英國的主要節假日。They此處缺少主語，肯定是填名詞或代詞，常是代詞。填they指代前面的eightpublicholidays。注意首字母要大寫。to固定搭配datebackto,意為“追溯到......”。when此處when引導定語從句，修飾先行詞1871and1875。except根據背景知識可知，圣誕節（Christmas）和節禮日（BoxingDay）每年的時間都是固定的，再結合donotfallonthesamedateeachyear可知4Christmas（25December）andBoxingDay（26December）是要填一個表“除了......"的介詞，故填except最合適。religious形容詞修飾名詞。havelost根據句意可知，此處強調結果，表"（已經）失去了……"，故填現在完成時最合適。切記：填最合適的答案。mostcommon根據下文Themostfamouscelebration可知，此處也應該是填最高級。a不定冠詞的最基本用法，atoast意為“干杯，一同祝酒”。where此處where引導定語從句，修飾地點先行詞TrafalgarSquare。and分析整個句子的句意和成分可知,abigcrowdisusuallygathered和someoneusuallyfallsintothefountain是兩個存在聯合或并列的分句，故填and為最佳。（五）本文簡要介紹人類未來在健康、醫學、教育和知識幾個方面的變化。arepaying此空作謂語，故只需要考慮時態和語態。根據空前的now可知時態用現在進行時，語態是主動，主語是People，所以填arepaying。an由空前的ahealthydiet可知，不定冠詞的基本用法，表“一個......”。what空的前后是兩個分句，故一定是填連接詞。句意：他們對他們吃的東西非常小心，而且有規律地做運動。根據句意應填what引導賓語從句，作介詞about的賓語。successfully副詞修飾動詞。arecured此空作謂語，考慮時態和語態。時態是一般現在時，語態顯然需要用被動。故填arecured，主語是復數名詞diseases。but空的前后是兩個分句填連接詞。根據文意，此處顯然存在轉折關系，故填but。by通過什么手段和方式都是用介詞by。whenever空的前后是兩個分句，故填連接詞。根據空后的theyhavetimeandwherevertheymaybe.可知此處填whenever引導讓步狀語從句。we此處9viewlearningandknowledge是個定語從句，修飾先行詞Theway。再分析句子成分可知，此從句缺少主語，故填代詞。從前文Wecanstudyathome.和后文wewillbecome…可知此段的主體人稱是第一人稱，故填we符合語境。learners形容詞lifelong（終身的）修飾名詞。注意用復數。（六）通過想象，本文作者主要告訴我們未來的學習方式和學校的變化。because空的前后是兩個分句，故肯定是填連接詞。根據兩句之間的關系，此處理應是填because引導原因狀語從句。how空的前后也是兩個分句，填連接詞。句意：電腦將會改變孩子們如何學習、交流和娛樂。填how引導賓語從句，作change的賓語。the上文已經提到過Internet,此處再提應用定冠詞，或者說表示特指。for習慣搭配，thereisnoneedfor...意為“再也不需要......”。society形容詞性物主代詞（our）后接名詞。better此處是個非純空格題，且括號內不是動詞，故只需要考慮形容詞副詞的比較等級和此類的變化。根據文意，此處不難得知存在一個隱形比較等級，故填better。to習慣搭配beconnectedto意為"與......連接”。toshow分析句子成分可知，此空是個非謂語動詞，故只需要考慮-ing,-ed,todo。此處顯然是個動詞不定式作后置定語，修飾websitesoit作代詞，指代前面的technology。willchange此空作謂語，考慮時態和語態。根據前文Howwillthisbrand-newkindofschoolchange和Wearesurethat可推斷出此處應該用一般將來時，語態是主動語態。故填willchange合適。（七）電子書和紙質書的優缺點。cheaper此篇文章是在電子書和紙質書之間進行對比，故此處存在一個隱形比較等級。故填cheaper。If空的后面是兩個分句，故此處一定是填連接詞。根據句意兩個分句之間的關系可知，此處存在一個表條件的關系。故填If引導條件狀語從句。注意首字母要大寫。both分析句子成分可知...printedbooksande-books作主語。由空后的and可知，此處是both...and...結構。故填不定代詞bothotoread此空read作非謂語。表“......具有某種特點”常用主動表被動。They此處缺少主語填代詞，They指代前面的E-books。注意首字母要大寫。leaving此處leave是個非謂語，邏輯主語E-books與leave是主動關系，故填leaving，現在分詞短語作結果狀語。at固定搭配，lookat以為“看......”。a不定冠詞的基本用法，表“一本......”，novel是可數名詞。weight分析句子成分可知，此空和后面的smell一起作為并列賓語，作賓語用名詞。who分析句子成分和根據句意可知，此處顯然是個定語從句。故填who引導定語從句，修飾先行詞people，并在從句中作主語。（八）本文主要向讀者介紹了報紙的有關歷史，讓讀者了解最早的報紙，發行量最大的報紙等。earliest根據本句后面的inRomein59BC和空前的The可推斷出此處應該是指最早的每日報紙......，故填最高級。until由本句前面的didn't可知，此處是個not.unti