中考語法精講——被動語態

我吃了一個蘋果，那現在蘋果怎樣了？蘋果被…蘋果被我吃了。正如漢語中的被字句，英語中的“被字句”我們稱之為被動語態。

英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。一：英語的謂語動詞有兩種語態WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語主動語態主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。謂語speak的動作是由主語we執行的，即主語是是謂語動詞所表示動作的執行者。兩種語態Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語謂語賓語被動語態主語English是謂語動詞speak所表示的動作的承受者。被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.我們每天打掃教室。

主動語態Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我們的教室每天被打掃。

被動語態英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。二、被動語態的基本構成：

be+動詞的過去分詞（be+done)be隨著人稱，時態和數的變化而變化

1）.一般現在時

am/is/are+done

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.Heputonacoat.Acoatwasputonbyhim.

2）.一般過去時

was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3）.一般將來時

shall/will/begoingto+bedone

Theywillplanttreestomorrow.TreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrowHeisgoingtowritealettertohismother.Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4）.現在完成時

has/have+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.

5）.含有情態動詞的被動語態can/may/must/should+bedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.三、被動語態的用法1.不知道動作的執行者是誰。Thewindoewasbrokenlastnight.RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.每年都應該種更多的樹。2.強調或突出動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者。世界上越來越多的人說漢語。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.3.動作不是由人發出的。許多房屋被沖走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.四、主動語態變被動語態的方法WespeakEnglish.主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus.主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by主動語態被動語態

1.Tom

broke

thewindow.

Thewindow

wasbroken

byTom.

2.He

broke

thewindows.

Thewindows

werebroken

byhim.

Be要隨著主語變邏輯主語by來引Exercise:Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday.Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday.Exercise:WecallthesnowmanMr.Strong.ThesnowmaniscalledMr.Strong.

Exercise:He

boughtsomefruitsyesterday.Somefruitswereboughtyesterday.主動語態變被動語態的方法

（主語）（賓語）主動語態：動作的執行者+謂語動詞的主動形式+動作的承受者被動語態：動作的承受者+謂語動詞的被動形式+動作的執行者（主語）（賓語）說明：（1）要將主動句里的賓語變為被動句中的主語，若主動句中的賓語為人稱代詞，要將賓格變成主格。（2）把主動句中的主語變為被動句中的賓語，主格變賓格，并由by引導。（3)謂語動詞變成相應的被動形式。主動語態中，使役動詞（make,let,have）,感官動詞（see,hear,watch,feel,notice）后面跟省略to的不定式，變為被動語態時，要加上不定式符號to.Isawhimopenthedoorjustnow.剛才我看見他進屋了（主動語態）Hewasseentoopenthedoorjustnow.補充部分2.主動結構表被動意義①open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,drive等詞作不及物動詞時，它們的主語為物，可以用主動語態表被動意義。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.Thepenwritessmoothly.②cost,fit,agreewith(氣候，食物等適合于）使用主動表被動。Thebookcostsmetwentyyuan.3.系動詞沒有被動形式look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系動詞用主動表被動意義。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被動意義。例：Thisbookisworthreading.4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone

例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.

我的自行車需要修理。

happen,takeplace,breakout,have,belongto.課堂練習（一）改寫句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten

1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．

A．arenotkept；willhaveto

B．arenotkept；have

C．donotkeep；willhaveto

D．donotkeep；haveto

2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.

A.developedB.havedeveloped

C.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped

3.____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．

Yes，italldependsontheweather．

A．I'vebeentold

B．I'vetold

C．I'mtold

D．Itold

ACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.

A.hascompleted

B.completes

C.hasbeencompleted

D.iscompleted

5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.

A.cut

B.arecut

C.arebeingcut

D.hadbeencut

6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.

A.hasbeendesigned

B.hadbeendesigned

C.wasdesigned

D.wouldbedesigned

7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.wasbroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.

A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetup

B.havetakenplace;havebeensetup

C.havetakenplace;havesetup

D.weretakenplace;weresetup

9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.

A.hadcosted

B.costedC.iscostedD.cost

10.Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.

What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?

A.isbeingbuilt

B.hasbeenbuilt

C.isbuilt

D.isbuilding

11.Doyoulikethecloth?

Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.isfelt

BDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．

A．write

B．towrite

C．tobewritten

D．written

13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．

A．totype

B．typing

C．tobetyped

D．typed

14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.

A.won’twashout

B.won’tbewashedout

C.isn’twashedout

D.isn’twashingout

15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.

A.beputup

B.givein

C.beturn