Thesubjunctivemood

語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人所說(shuō)的話(huà)不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念

一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去相反的假設(shè)與將來(lái)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were)主語(yǔ)+should,would,might,could＋動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)＋should,wouldmight,could＋動(dòng)詞原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.

Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)．如果我知道他的電話(huà)號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話(huà)了．如果明天下雨的話(huà)，我們會(huì)取消比賽．IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：１．當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整．Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了．如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了．２．省略句

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式．IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用1.用于賓語(yǔ)從句（1）wish從句中從句動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式wish的賓語(yǔ)從句1.與現(xiàn)在相反:did(be用were)2.與過(guò)去相反:haddone3.與將來(lái)相反:would/could/mightdo

a.表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sb.did…

(be常用were)

1.IwishIwere

astallasyou.2.IwishIbecameasfamousasYaoMing.IwishIwereabird.

IwishIcouldflylikeabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.b.wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sb.haddone…IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.c.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sb.would/could/mightdo…Iwishthelunchtimewouldcomesoon.Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.（2）用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意．那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)．

在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略．2.用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中，that后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.

2

她這樣做是很自然的。

It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

3

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。

It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.

3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在在主語(yǔ)從句中B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.

1.

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略．三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式;如果是過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)

IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!3.wouldrather+從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成時(shí)

Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.

asif(asthough)看起來(lái)常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式(haddone).Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit5.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.6.含蓄條件句有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不是總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句。介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，如butfor,butthat,without,incaseof,連詞sothat,unless,incase,supposing,lest,provided,forfearthat,inorderthat,onconditionthat,but,otherwise等eg.Butfortherain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp(=ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp).在Incase和forfearthat“萬(wàn)一；惟恐”引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should+動(dòng)詞原形Takeanumbrellaincaseitshouldrain/rains.IncaseIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Idaren’ttellyouwhathedidforfearthatheshouldbeangrywith.四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來(lái)可以---mighthavedone本來(lái)可能---should/oughttohavedone本來(lái)應(yīng)該做---shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone本不該做--

你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldn’thavetoldherthetruth.needn’thavedone本不必做---

比較：didn’tneedtodo沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做---我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶(hù)。我兄弟做了Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來(lái)會(huì)去做----我沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)．否則我會(huì)買(mǎi)那本書(shū)的．Ididn’thaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbe