目錄

ContentsA.題型全突破B.考情全揭秘考點5考點6考點7考點8考點1考點2考點3考點4題型全突破繼續學習英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破1A.題型概述詞義猜測是英語閱讀的重要技巧,詞義猜測題也是高考中常考的題型。考生要學會"順藤摸瓜",通過構詞、定義、對比、因果、聯想、上下文等線索(各種已知信息)確定詞義。要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞(動詞、名詞、形容詞等)。另外,這類題也包括對短語和句意的猜測。考試中經常考查的詞匯有以下幾種:1.在特殊語言環境中具有特殊意義的常用詞。2.專業化程度較高的詞。3.生僻詞。4.常用代詞。此類題旨在考查考生在特定語境中理解詞(短語、句子)的能力以及通過上下文或構詞法猜測超綱詞匯或表達方式的意義的能力。因此,考生所掌握的詞匯量的大小直接影響到這類題的得分率。英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破2B.常見設問形式1.Theunderlinedphrase"

"inthesecondparagraphcouldbereplacedby

.

2.Theunderlinedword"

"inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans

.

3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph?4.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword"

"?

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

"inParagraph2referto?

6.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression"

"standsfor?

7.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheunderlinedword"

"inParagraph3?

8.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword"

"isknownas

.

英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破3C.選項特點1.正確選項的特點(1)相應詞語的同義詞語。(2)對相應語句的解釋、復述或概括。2.干擾項的特點(1)對原相應表達方式的不正確改寫。(2)故意丟三落四。(3)半對半錯。(4)曲解原意。這些干擾項有時會使用較多原句中的表達方式,給人似是而非的誤導,考生要多加注意。英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破4方法1根據上下文語境進行猜測猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文,所以可借助上下文對需要猜測的詞、短語或句子進行合乎邏輯的推測。

典例1

[新課標全國Ⅰ,C]SalvadorDali(1904—1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThe

Persistence

of

Memory.ThereisalsoL’Enigme

sans

Finfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartistsshowmanqualities.考點一英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破5ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(無限),"Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge,contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras,"explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破631.Whatdoestheword"contributions"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks. B.Projects.C.Donations. D.Documents.解析根據最后一段可知,多家博物館通力合作,共同精選展出作品。文中提到像西班牙馬德里的博物館和圣彼德斯堡的博物館這樣的機構也提供薩爾瓦多·達利的作品參加展覽。由此推測,contributions指"作品",故選A。答案A英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破7方法2根據上下文的指代關系進行猜測英語文章中的代詞one,it,that,them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有時代詞與指代的對象相隔較遠,要認真查找;有時需要對前面提到的內容進行總結,才能得出代詞所指代的事物。

典例2

[2014·安徽,E]YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty(貧困)andsickness,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld’smostpromising"changemakers"seekingtosolve(解決)urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.考點二英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破8Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.Infact,itismanyyoungpeople’sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破9WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka‘sstreets,attractingratsanddisease,theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost(把……制成堆肥)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst,theywererefused,butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade,theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14,000.考點二英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破10DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.73.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3probablyrefersto"

".

A.thelocalfarmersB.MasqsoodandIftekharC.DraytonandhisteamD.thepoorpeopleinDhaka返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破11解析考查代詞指代。在1995年,Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的窮人把垃圾制成堆肥,因為他們認為這些化肥會有市場。起初他們遭到了拒絕,但是當他們使這些人信服這樣做有錢可賺時,這一項目得以實施。故畫線的them指代"thepoorpeopleinthecity"。故選D。答案D英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破12方法3根據同義或類比關系進行猜測當詞語被并列連詞and,or,aswellas所連接或詞語之間有justas,like,similarly等時,前后的兩項內容在含義上是接近的或相近的,由此可確定同等關系中的某個生詞或短語所表達的意義。

典例3

[1]...[2]...[3]Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(殺蟲劑).Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops."Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,"saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFamilyFarmCoalition.

...考點三返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破1358.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"boost"inthethirdparagraphprobablymean?A.Control. B.Evaluate.C.Obtain. D.Increase.解析聯系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知,其承諾是你能夠使用很少的化學物質并且可以提高產量,本題的關鍵詞為and,因此D項正確。答案D英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破14方法4根據定義或解釋進行猜測有時短文中出現一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語,下面接著出現其定義或解釋,這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據。此類由定義或解釋來猜測詞義的方法很多:①表示定義關系的常見信息詞有be,mean,represent,becalled/named,beconsidered,bedefinedas(被定義為),beknownas,referto等;②表示同位關系的常見信息詞有thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orrather(精確地說)等;③有些生詞會以破折號、括號、逗號、冒號等暗示讀者,解釋說明前面的詞。

典例4

[1]…[2]Doyouknowwhata"territory"is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims(聲稱)asitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespecies(物種)arewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou,youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.考點四返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破1557.Whatisabird‘s"territory"?A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.B.Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.解析文章第二段首先提出什么是"territory",緊跟著就是對"territory"的解釋,由定義可推知,這里"territory"指的是"鳥類的地盤"。答案D英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破16方法5根據轉折或對比關系進行猜測在一個句子或段落中,有時會出現對兩種事物或現象進行對比的描述,考生可以利用這種關系猜詞悟義。表示對比關系的詞語主要有however,but,instead,despite,unlike,yet,while,whereas(反之,而,卻),ratherthan,insteadof,inspiteof,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,incontrast等。

典例5

Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.考點五返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破1756.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dilapidated"probablymean?A.Dirty. B.Dark.C.Worn-out. D.Plain-looking.解析由"one…theother…"結構可知,"oldanddilapidated"對應前面的"shinyandnew"。由此可判斷dilapidated的意思應與shinyandnew相反,即worn-out。答案C英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破18方法6根據舉例進行猜測在一些閱讀材料中,為了闡明某一種重要觀點或者講清楚某一抽象概念,作者往往采取舉例的方式對這一觀點或概念進行具體的說明和解釋,從而使讀者理解得更具體些,而這些例子恰好為猜測詞義提供了重要線索。表示列舉關系的信息詞有like,forexample,forinstance,suchas,include等。

典例6

…Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica…

考點六返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破1973.Theunderlinedwords"tippingpoints"mostprobablyreferto"

".

A.freezingpoints B.burningpointsC.meltingpoints D.boilingpoints解析本題要求猜測tippingpoints的意思,根據下文的例子"suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica"可知,tippingpoints的意思為"融化點",與C項同義。答案C英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破20方法7根據因果關系進行猜測在有些文章或段落中,兩種現象或兩個事物之間可能會構成因果關系,我們可以利用這種關系來猜測詞義。典例7

[1]...[2]Ofcourse,thegoodofoxenisnotlimitedtoplowing.Infact,theyareseenas"boatsonland"fortheirabilitytocarryloads.Besides,thewholebodyofanoxisfulloftreasures.Theirmeatandmilkarefoodfullofnutrition,andtheirskincanbeusedtomakeclothesandshoes.Withallthesequalities,oxenareregardedasgenerouscreatures.

...考點七返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破2160.Thewords"boatsonland"underlinedinParagraph2referto

.

A.animalsfortakinggoodsB.creaturesforpullingplowsC.treasuresofthefolkcultureD.toolsinthefarmingeconomy解析畫線部分后的fortheirabilitytocarryloads是對前面的解釋說明,由此可以很輕松地得到結果:牛被看作"陸地之舟",是一種運輸貨物的動物。答案A英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破22方法8根據構詞法進行猜測英語單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭(前綴)和詞尾(后綴)所組成的。詞根是單詞最基本的部分,表達單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴,可以用來引申或轉變原詞的意義或改變詞性。掌握前綴、后綴規律有助于理解詞義。如un-,im-,in-,dis-,il-等前綴與-less等后綴可構成反義詞,后綴-ful,-ly,-ism,-ness等可改變詞性。

典例8

[2017·山西重點中學協作體考試]TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixed(固定的)tothesamedateseachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetterattendedbylocals(當地人).考點八英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習題型全突破23Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattendthefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthesands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowinganother,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderfultraditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhorns(喇叭)andbeatdrums(鼓)astheydanceindifferentdesigns.Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhairisthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.ThelocalandvisitingItaliandogsareanxioustorunafterhares.Thecrowdisonitsfeetforthecamelraces.Camelsandridersrunfarintothedistance,andthenreturntothefinishlineinfrontofthecheeringpeople.返回目錄英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題題型全突破24Towardstheevening,therecomesthegrandfinaleoftheopeningday,anextremelyexcitinghorserace.Alltheridersrunveryfastonthehorseback.Someridershangoffthesideoftheirsaddles(馬鞍).Someevenrideupsidedown—theirlegsandfeetstraightupintheair—allatfullspeed.Othersrushdownthecoursetogether,menarminarm,ondifferenthorses.Onandontheygo.Sofastandsowonderful!27.Theunderlinedword"finale"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeansthe

oftheopeningday.

A.firstpart

B.middle

C.lastpart

D.whole解析由語境"Towardstheevening"以及"final,finale,finally"之間的聯系可知該詞在此處的意思是開幕式中的最后一項,故答案為C。答案C考情全揭秘英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘1詞義猜測題包括單詞猜測題、短語意思猜測題、代詞指代題和句意理解題。而高考中考查最多的是單詞猜測題,但在近兩年的高考中加大了對短語意思猜測題的考查力度。Passage1[2016·乙卷(全國Ⅰ),C]體裁:記敘文話題:干細胞運送志愿者的經歷詞數:248難度:★★★建議時間:5分鐘

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I‘vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat‘showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we‘vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘2

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I‘mreallysorry,I‘vegotsomebadnewsforyou—therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient—please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom."Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘3Forthiscourierjob,you‘reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody‘slife.

?試題分析第一段介紹了自己的工作特點,29題可以根據上文講到的方法1(根據上下文語境進行猜測)來做題;第二段圍繞"Iamalwaysconsciousoftime我總是有時間意識"來展開介紹了作者在一次運送造血干細胞途中的一段經歷;第三段總結概括,再次說明這項工作的特殊含義以及重要性。英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘4?難句突破句式分析:Forthiscourierjob是介詞短語,在句中作狀語;thatinthatboxyou‘vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody‘slife是賓語從句,inthatbox是賓語從句中的地點狀語,you’vegotsomething是賓語從句中的主謂賓;thatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife是定語從句,修飾前面的something。句意:對于這份傳遞員的工作而言,你會自覺地意識到你手中的那個箱子裝著可能挽救某人生命的東西。英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘529.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"courier"inParagraph1?

A.provider B.deliveryman C.collector D.medicaldoctor30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong. B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime. D.Theicewon‘tlastanylonger.31.WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?A.ToLondon. B.ToNewark. C.ToProvidence. D.ToWashington.【答案與解析】本文介紹了一個名叫PeterHodes的人從事的有關干細胞傳遞的志愿者工作,并主要講述了他的一次難忘的經歷。在傳遞干細胞的過程中,他深刻地意識到時間就是生命。英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘629.B考查詞義猜測。根據第一段中的"SinceMarch2012,Ivedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittlebox"可知,作者是干細胞傳遞員,故選B。30.D考查細節理解。根據第一段中的"Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthatshowlongtheylast"可知,冰維持的最長時間是42小時,故選D。31.B考查細節理解。根據第二段的最后一句"Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed(改道)methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled"可知,這位女士安排作者乘坐一架小型飛機改道經紐瓦克回到了英國,故選B。Passage2[2015·新課標全國Ⅱ,A]體裁:記敘文話題:彩電帶來的煩惱詞數:265難度:★★★建議時間:5分鐘英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘7Mycolortelevisionhasgivenmenothingbutaheadache.IwasabletobuyitalittleoverayearagobecauseIhadmyrelativesgivememoneyformybirthdayinsteadofalotofclothesthatwouldntfit.Iletasalesclerkfoolmeintobuyingadiscontinuedmodel.Irealizedthisadaylater,whenIsawnewspaperadvertisementsforthesetatseventy-fivedollarslessthanIhadpaid.ThesetworkedsobeautifullywhenIfirstgotithomethatIwouldkeepitonuntilstationssignedoffforthenight.Fortunately,Ididntgetanychannelsshowingall-nightmoviesorIwouldneverhavegottentobed.

英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘8ThenIstarteddevelopingaproblemwiththesetthatinvolvedstatic(靜電)noise.Forsomereason,whencertainshowsswitchedintoacommercial,aloudnoisewouldsoundforafewseconds.Gradually,thisnoisebegantoappearduringashow,andtogetridofit,Ihadtochangetoanotherchannelandthenchangeitback.Sometimesthistechniquewouldnotwork,andIhadtopickupthesetandshakeittoremovethesound.Iactuallybegantobuildupmyarmmuscles(肌肉)shakingmyset.Whenneitherofthesemethodsremovedthestaticnoise,Iwouldsithelplesslyandwaitforthenoisetogoaway.AtlastIendeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.Mytriptotherepairshopcostme$62,andthesetisworkingwellnow,butIkeepexpectingmoretrouble.英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題繼續學習考情全揭秘9?難句突破句式分析: