Period1ReadingandThinkingJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”TogetinformationabouthowJohnSnowdefeatedcholeraTosummarizestagesofscientificresearchTotalkaboutthesignificanceandcontributionofJohn’sworkTherearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Namesomefamousscientistsyouknowandtellsomethingaboutthem.StephenHawking(1942-2018)BritishscientistworkedonastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspaceWhoisshe?

Shediscoveredanewtreatmentformalariaartemisinin(青蒿素）andwontheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine.TuYouyouTuYouyouSheisthefirstChineseNobellaureateinphysiologyormedicineandthefirstfemalecitizenofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrizeinanycategory,aswellasthefirstChinesepersontoreceivetheLaskerAward.Whoishe?HeplayedanimportantroleinfightingagainstCovid-19andwontheMedalofRepublic(共和國勛章）in2020.ZhongNanshanZhongNanshan,whohasbeencommittedtothestudy,preventionandtreatmentofmajorrespiratorydiseasesandsignificantlycontributedtotheCOVID-19fight,wasrecommendedfortheMedaloftheRepublicnomination.COVID-19(新型冠狀病毒):aninfectiousdiseaseIntheearly19thcentury,aninfectiousdiseasesimilartoCOVID-19hitEurope.Now,let'sreadthepassagetogetinformationabouttheinfectiousdisease.JohnSnowDefeated“KingCholera”JohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Doyouknowwhoheis?

JohnSnow(18131858)

JohnSnowwasborninYorkonMarch15th,1813,theoldestofninechildren.Whatdoes“King”implyinthetitle?ThenameofcholeraThecausesofcholeraCholeraspreadfastCholeraispowerfulandhardtocureJohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”______analysetheresults______askaquestion ______drawaconclusion______collectdata______findaproblem______findsupportingevidence______thinkofamethodDiscussthefollowingstagesofscientificresearchingroups.Whatorderwouldyouputthemin?5274163Whatischolera?Choleraisaninfectiousdiseasethatcausesseverewaterydiarrhea(腹瀉),whichcanleadtodehydration(脫水)andevendeathifuntreated.ItiscausedbyeatingfoodordrinkingwatercontainingabacteriumcalledVibriocholerae.Thediseaseismostcommoninplaceswithpoorsanitation(衛生設施),crowdingandwar.CommonlocationsincludepartsofAfrica,southAsia,andLatinAmerica.n.

霍亂Herearesomefactsaboutcholera.Trytopresentthemtoyourpartnersandconsiderwhethertheyarethesameasyouexpected.1.Choleracankillsuffererswithinafewhoursiftheyareleftuntreated.2.Researchershaveestimatedthateachyearthereare1.3millionto4millioncasesofcholera,and21,

000to143,

000deathsworldwideduetocholera.3.Upto80%ofcasescanbesuccessfullytreatedwithoralrehydrationsolution(口服補液).4.Safewaterandwastecontrolcanpreventcholera.5.Whenthereisanoutbreakofcholera,itisimportanttofocusontreatmentandwastecontrol.6.Safeandeffectivecholeravaccines(疫苗)arenowusedtocontrolthedisease.7.Today,nocountryrequiresproofofcholeravaccinationasaconditionforentry.Skimthepassagetoseeiftheorderyoudecidedabovewascorrect,andchoosethemainideaofthepassage.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.HowJohnSnowcollected,analyseddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseanddefeatedit.Usethestagesinexamininganewscientificideatodescribeeachparagraph.drawaconclusionfindaproblemaskaquestioncollectdatafindsupportingevidenceWhatcausescholera?Whichtheoryiscorrect?Markinformationonamaptofindoutwherepeoplediedordidnotdie.Findotherevidencetoconfirmtheconclusion.Thewateristoblame.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexaminedsothatitissafe.Readthepassageagainandcompletethechartbelow.Itwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedbybad______orgermsin____________.Snow____________theplaceswherethepeoplewho_______hadlived.Manydeathsoccurrednearthe___________inBroadStreet.Somepeople________drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter__________________________.Thepumpwatercarried____________.The________ofthepumpwasremoved.airfoodorwatermarkedonamapdiedwaterpumphadn’tdrinkingcholeragermshandleA.C.B.D.

E.

waterfromthepumpmultipledeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseClue:freebeerfrompublichouseResult:ThewatercamefromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.Matchthefollowingheaderswiththelettersfromthechartabove.WriteA-Eintheblanks.1.conclusion______2.evidence______3.process______4.solution______5.theories______DCBEATReadthepassageagainandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.Manypeoplediedofcholerabeforeitscausewasfound.(

)2.Itwasafactthatcholeraspreadinacloudofgas.(

)3.Whencholerabrokeoutin1854,itspreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods.

(

)4.Thepeoplewhodrankbeerinsteadofwaterdidnotcatchcholera.

(

)5.Thewatercompanieswereaskedtostopsupplyingpollutedwatertopeople.(

)TFTTWhatquestionswouldyouasktogetthefollowinganswers?1.Q:What_________________________________?A:Snowthoughtthatcholerawascausedbygermsinfoodorwater.2.Q:Why__________________________________________?A:Snowhadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.3.Q:How_______________________________?A:ThecholerathreatwasdefeatedthankstotheworkofJohnSnow.causedcholeraaccordingtoSnowdidSnowhavethehandleofthepumpremovedwasthecholerathreatdefeatedHowdidJohnSnowmadeit?CholerakilledmillionsofpeopleinJohnSnow'stime.WithgreateffortJohnSnowfoundoutitscauseandcontrolledthisdeadlydisease.Manydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Thewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.PublichouseClue:freebeerfrompublichouseResult:

ThewatercamefromtheriverwhichhadbeenpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.JohnSnow’sCholeraMapFindaproblemAskaquestionThinkofamethodFindsupportingevidenceDrawaconclusionCollectdataAnalysetheresultsToproveanewscientificidea,sevenstagesareneeded.Analysethepassageaccordingtothesevenstages.Besidescholera,whatotherkindof

infectiousdiseasesdoyouknow

?

Howcanweprotectourselvesfromthem?Exerciseregularlyeveryday.Keepawayfromthecrowdedplaces.Washhandsfrequently.Wearamaskwhengoingout.Choosefreshfood.Drinkboiledandcleanwater.Dealwithrubbishproperly.…1.WhatwasthemostimportanttoolSnowusedtodefeatcholera?Whatcommonmedicaltools,e.g.amicroscope,didn'theuse?Why?Heusedmapsandstatisticstoanalysewherethedeathsoccurred.Hedidn'tuseamicroscope,forexample.Hedidn'ttestthewater,nordidhedrawbloodorexaminepatients.Thereasonhedidnotusemedicalequipmentsuchasamicroscopewasbecausetheydidnotexistduringhistime.Further,understandingofgermsandbacteriawasstilldeveloping,andhehadtoinnovatemethodshimselfbasedonthetheoryhebelieved2.HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?

Snow'sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink,forexample,aswellasanemphasisonhlygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybecomedirty.Healsoshowedhowtopreventcholeraepidemics,andtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases,whichhasallowedformoreprotectionfromoncecommondiseasessuchascholera.WhatspiritscanwelearnfromascientistlikeJohnSnow?creativestrictpatientdeterminedpositivehard-workingconfidentambitious…Intheearly19thcentury1.________anoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionofpeoplediedfromthedisease.JohnSnow,whosubscribed2._____thetheorythatcholera3.________(cause)byaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater,4._________(desire)todestroycholera.5.______(use)mapsandstatistics,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater6.________(carry)choleragerms.ThroughSnow’stireless7._______(effort),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.Nowwehaveknownhow8.__________(prevent)cholera.Transforming9._____wayscientistsstudydiseases,JohnSnow10._______________(consider)thefatherofmodernepidemiology.

Grammarfillingaccordingtothepassage.whentowascauseddesiredUsingcarriedeffortstopreventtheisconsideredBelowisa