備考高考英語一輪復習-定語從句解析+語法填空過關訓練定語從句解析一、定語從句的先行詞定語從句的先行詞可以是指人、物、時間、地點、原因等的名詞或代詞，也可以是整個主句。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的那些男孩是一班的。（指人）Basketballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.籃球是一項大多數男孩子都喜歡的運動。（指物）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.我還記得第一次見她的那一天。（指時間）Mozart'sbirthplaceandthehousewherehecomposedTheMagicFlutearebothmuseumsnow.莫扎特的出生地和他創作歌劇《魔笛》的房子現在都是博物館了。(指地點)Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天看上去不高興的原因。(指原因）Thenaughtyboyupstairsalwaysmakesmuchnoise,whichmakesmeveryannoyed.樓上那個調皮的男孩總是弄出很大動靜，這讓我很煩。（指整個主句）二、定語從句的關系詞關系詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有指人的who，whom，that,whose；指物的that，which,whose。關系副詞有指時間的when.指地點的where，指原因的why。另外as也可作關系代詞引導定語從句。Mrs.Smith(whom)youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.你昨天碰見的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。Therearesomefilms(that)I'dliketosee.有幾部電影我想去看。Guilinisacitywhichhasahistoryof2,000years.桂林是一座具有2000年歷史的城市。Nobodywantsthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.沒有人想要這個屋頂已坍塌了的房子。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。Isthistheroomwherewewerelivinglastwinter?這就是我們去年冬天住過的房間嗎？Thereasonwhyhesaidthatisquiteclear.他那樣說的理由是十分清楚的。Wejumpedforjoyatthenews.aswasnatural.我們聽到這個消息時高興地跳了起來，這是很自然的事情。關系代詞的基本用法關系代詞修飾的先行詞所作成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.昨天來我們學校參觀的那個外國人來自加拿大。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn'tneedmuchwater.他們種了一些不需要澆太多水的樹木。四、關系代詞who，that，whom和whose的用法當先行詞指人：①在定語從句中作主語時，用who/that，關系代詞不可省略；2在定語從句中作賓語時，用whom/who/that，關系代詞可以省略；③在定語從句中作定語時，用whose，關系代詞不可省略。Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.她就是住在隔壁的那個女孩。（作主語)That'sthegirl(whom/who/that)Iteach.那就是我教的那個女孩。(作賓語)Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.這就是那位成績卓著的科學家。(作定語)Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.—Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight=Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.這就是昨晚窗戶被打破的那所房子。（作定語）五、which，that的用法區別1.只用which不用that的情況(1)which可引導非限制性定語從句，that則不能Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他沒通過數學考試，這令他父親很生氣（2)在介詞提前的定語從句中，只用which而不用that引導。ThisistheplaceinwhichLuXunusedtolive.這是魯迅曾住過的地方。(3)先行詞本身是that或兩個定語從句中的一個已用that，口能用which引導定語從句What'sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中閃爍的是什么？2.限制性定語從句中，必須用關系代詞that的情況(1)當先行詞是不定代詞all，something，everything，anything.nothing,none等時。Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么想要為自己說的嗎？Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.你應該上交你所有的東西。（2)當先行詞被theonly，thevery等詞修飾時。ThisistheverypersonthatI'mwaitingfor.這正是我在等的那個人。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice,我們唯一能做的就是給你一些建議(3)當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.這是用來防止污染的最好方式。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.這是我看過的最有趣的電影。(4)當先行詞是序數詞或它前面有序數詞修飾時。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.這是要去蘇州的最后一趟火車。WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?你看過的第一部美國電影是什么？（5）當先行詞既有人又有物時。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們在談論什么事情和什么人嗎？（6）有兩個定語從句，其中一個關系代詞已用which時。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.愛迪生創建了一家工廠，用于生產人們過去從未見過的東西。（7）當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在門口的那個人是誰？六、as，which的用法區別1.which引導的非限制性定語從句只能位于主句后，as引導的非限制性定語從句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.她說她已經完成了工作，我對此深感懷疑。Asanybodycansee,acomputercandoalmosteverythingpeoplecan.正如人們所看到的那樣，計算機幾乎能做到人所能做的一切事情。2.當非限制性定語從句為否定句或謂語帶的是一個復合賓語結構時，常用which引導。HecriticizesMaryinpublic,whichshedoesn'tlikeatall.他公開批評瑪麗，對此她一點兒都不愿意3.引導限制性定語從句時，as常用于such..as...，so...as...,thesame...as...，as...as...結構中。Suchpeopleashavemadegreatcontributionstotheworldshouldbegreatlyrespected.那些對世界作出重大貢獻的人應受到極大的尊重。It'sthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.我們昨天想要找到的是同一個人。SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所認識的女孩都擅長英語。Thereissowarnahouseasweallwanttolivein.這里有如此暖和的一個房子，因此我們都想住在里面。4.在句法上，as常用作一些實義動詞，如see，know,hear,watch,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等的賓語，這類動詞與as幾乎成了一種固定搭配。Asweallexpected,theplanturnedouttobeverysuccessful.正如我們所期望的，該計劃很成功。5.引導的從句主要起連接上下文的作用，表達說話人的觀點、看法，意為“正如，正像”。which可導的從句在意義上相當于一個并列句，意為“這一點，這件事”。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisacountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld.眾所周知，中國是世界上人口最多的國家。Hesoldhisbicycle,whichsurprisedme他把自行車賣了，這使我感到驚奇。語法填空解-常見語法易錯點1：oneof+the+adj最高級+n復數。2：todo不定式表目的3：表被動（by提示詞），情態動詞+V-ed4：（and,but,or并列句）：（一）：詞性---形容詞，副詞，名詞可數不可數，保持一致（二）：n詞單復數（三）：時態保持一致---最常考過去時5：常考特殊句型，短語：（一）：Startdoing/starttodosthbegindoing/begintodosth（二）:Itis/was+a/adj+(forsb)+todosth（三）：Avoiddoingstopdoingenjoyoneself6:現在分詞V-ing表主動，過去分詞V-ed表被動7：序數詞：one,two,three----first,second,third8:結構：the+n.+of9:Adv常考結構：結構1：_______+動詞，或者動詞+______.結構2：__________+形容詞。結構3：_______,+一個完整的句子。副詞作狀語，修飾整個句子。10：whatever,whenever,wherever,however引導句子（句子不缺成分）11：Adj常考結構：Adj+n.12:人稱代詞：eg:she----考her,hers,herself13:V的否定形式：eg:appear—disagreelike----dislikeAdj的否定形式：eg:possible—impossiblebelievable---unbelievableCareful---carelessspeech---speechless14:常考時態：時間狀語有：recently,already,sofar,yet,lately,inthepast…,by…，for+時間段.考點----用現在完成時have/hasdone結構（注意：看是不是主動或被動-havebeendone）15:常與比較級連用的詞：even,much,far,thanTodo不定式表目的，往往表示比較級【考點總結-1】（一）：單詞詞性：1.必考點---連詞，冠詞，名詞，動詞2.常考點---副詞，形容詞，代詞，介詞，數詞（二）：句型：必考定語從句，常考狀語從句和名詞性從句（三）：語篇的邏輯關系：1：短文上下文的時態是否一致。2：短文上下文代詞是否一致。3：短文上下文的邏輯是否一致。4；短文上下文的單詞詞性，短語搭配，從句的邏輯關系是否正確。【考點總結2-各個擊破】動詞：動詞時態，語態，三單，非謂語，主動被動，特殊句中的特殊用法常考：查看時態是否一致。（二）：形容詞與副詞的誤用。（三）：名詞的單復數誤用。（四）：代詞的誤用。（五）：介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。（六）：時態的錯誤。（七）：連詞的誤用。（八）：一些固定結構的誤用。（九）：定語從句中關系詞的誤用（十）：些常用詞的誤用。（十一）：查連詞結構是否平行一致。考點單詞過關-復習鞏固1:conversation.n.交談，談話→converse.v.交談2:pronunciation.n.發音，讀音→pronunce.v.發音3:patient.adj.有耐心的→patience.n.耐心→patiently.adv.耐心地→patient.n.病人4:expression.n.表情，表達，表達方式→express.v.表達5:discover.v.發現，發覺→discovery.n.發現6:note.n.筆記，記錄→note.v.注意，指出7:physics.n.物理，物理學→physical.adj.身體的，身體上的，體能的→physically.adv.體能地，身體上地8:chemistry.n.化學→chemical.adj.化學的9:memorize.v.記住，記憶→memory.n.記憶10:increase.v.增加，增長→increasing.adj.增加的，增長的→increasingly.adv.增長地，增加地11:speed.n.速度→speedy.adj.迅速的，速度的12:born.adj.天生的→birth.n.出生，誕生13:activity.n活動→active.adj積極的，活動的→actively.adv積極地14:creative.adj有創造性的→create.v創造→creator.n創造者,造物主→creation.n.創造，創新15:able.adj可以的，能夠的→ability.n能力→enable.v使能夠→disabled.adj殘疾的16:connect.v.（使）連接，與…….有聯系→connection.n.聯系，連接17:review.v.回顧，復習→review.n.復習，回顧18:wise.adj.明智的，聰明的→wisely.adv.明智地，聰明地19:knowledge.n.知識，學問→knowledgeable.adj.博學的，知識淵博的20:stranger.n.陌生人→strange.adj.陌生的，不熟悉的過關訓練1-單句語法填空第一組It’snopleasure________(stay)athomedoinghomeworkallday.Everyday,Isetmyfeelings_______ontheblog,whichismyhobby.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhen______(attack).Therewasonceatime________womenhadnorighttovote.________（ignore）thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.________________(suffer)suchaheavyloss,thebossdidn’thavethecouragetogoonwithhisbusiness.ItwasthefirsttimethatI________________(leave)myparents.(concern)aboutthestudent,theteachercalledhisparentstofindoutwhyhewassooftenabsentfromclass.We’vehadafew(disagree),butwe’restillgoodfriends.Becauseoftheseriousaccident,ittookhimmorethantwoyearstorecoverhisinjury.答案：1.stayingItisnopleasuredoing...做某事不快樂2.down固定詞組setdown寫下，記下=write/take/putdown3.attacked分詞狀語，當分詞的動作不是句子主語發出的用過去分詞，如果是主語發出的用現在分詞；plants與attack之間是被動關系，所以用過去分詞。4.when固定句型：Therewasatimewhen...曾有一段時間......5.Ignoring動名詞做主語6.Havingsuffered分詞做狀語，suffer的動作是主語發出的，且分詞動作在謂語之前發生，所以用分詞的完成式havingdone的形式。7.hadleft固定句型：Itwasthe+序數詞+timethat+句子（謂語用過去完成時haddone），如果句型中的was改成is，從句用現在完成時。8.Concerned固定詞組beconcernedabout對......擔心，當作狀語時用過去分詞concerned，相當于原因狀語從句becausehewasconcernedabout....省略了becausehewas(此處涉及到狀語從句的省略：當從句的主語與主句的主語一致時可用將從句的主語和一部分謂語即be省略掉）9.disagreementsafew后接名詞復數10.from固定詞組recoverfrom.....從.......恢復過來第二組單句語法填空1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igotseparatedmyfriends.2.Theboywouldn’tleaveeventhough(ask)totwice.3.Thenumberofpeople,whowalkthedogoutdoors,______(drop)by17percentinthepastyears.4.Ittookhimalongtimebeforeherealizedthathe(base)allhisstatementsonafalsestory.5.Theprofessorcametoourschooltogivelectures________request.6.Thefilmstardislikes(recognize)inpublic,sohehasgottowearsunglasses.7.Iadviseyoutodowhatyouliketokeepcalm,suchlisteningtomusic,doingsportsandsoon.8.Itwasthekingwhocommandedthey(serve)theprincessheartandsoul.9.Friendsplayanimportantpartourlives,althoughwemaytakefriendshipforgranted.10.Theypackeduptheirsuitcasesinthewaytheircoachtoldthem.from固定詞組getseparatedfrom與......分開asked男孩被要求，所以用過去分詞hasdropped時間狀語inthepastyears與現在完成時連用hadbased在賓語從句中，當主句是一般過去時，從句動作發生在主句之前，用過去完成時by固定短語應......請求beingrecognized空前的dislike后接doing，且被動as固定詞組suchas例如8.（should）serve動詞command后接從句，從句的謂語用shoulddo,should可省9.in詞組playapart/rolein在......扮演角色，起作用10.that定語從句當先行詞是theway關系詞用that/inwhich/不填過關訓練2第一篇

SaiWenglivedontheborderandheraisedhorsesforaliving.Oneday,helostoneofhishorses.After①_____(hear)ofthemisfortune,hisneighborfeltsorryforhimandcametocomforthim.ButSaiWengsimplyasked,"Howcouldweknowitisnotagoodthingforme?"Afterawhile,the②_____(lose)horsereturnedwithanotherbeautifulhorse.TheneighborcameoveragainandcongratulatedSaiWeng

③_____hisgoodfortune.ButSaiWengsimplyasked,"Howcouldweknowitisnotabadthingforme?"Oneday,hissonwentoutfor

④_____ridewiththenewhorse.Hewas⑤_____(violent)thrownfromthehorseandbrokehisleg.Theneighborsonceagainexpressed⑥_____(they)sympathy,hutSaiWengsimplysaid,"Howcouldweknowitisnotagoodthingforme?"Oneyearlater,theEmperor'sarmyarrivedatthevillagetodraftallable-bodiedmentofightinthewar.Becauseofhis⑦_____(injure),SaiWeng'ssoncouldnotgoofftowar,and⑧_____(spare)fromcertaindeath.Theproverbcanbereadtohavemultiplemeanings

⑨_____itcomestotheconceptofluckandfortune.Theendofthestoryseems⑩_____(suggest)thateverymisfortuneconieswithasilverlining.Butwithinthestoryisalsothesensethatwhatatfirstappearstobegoodluckcancomewithmisfortune.答案：hearing;lost;on;a;violently;their;injury;wasspared;when;tosuggest第二篇Haveyouheardofthe"metaverse"lately?Ithasbeenhardnotto.Facebook'sChiefExecutiveMarkZuckerbergmentionedthelatestbuzzword(熱詞)manytimesonameeting①_____(hold)in2021.ThefutureofFacebook,hesaid,isametaverse—avirtualenvironment

②_____youcanbephysicallypresent(身臨其境)tohangout,playgames,workandcreate.

Buthedidn'tcointheterm.NealStephenson's1992sciencefictionisregardedastheoriginal③_____(inspire)fortheconcept.Techgiantswanttoplayarole—preferablya④_____(lead)one.CompaniesrangingfromIntelCorp.⑤_____UnitySoftwareInc.maderelevantplansin2020.AppleInc.⑥_____(report)tobeworkingonAR(增強現實技術)devicesofitsowncurrently.

ButaworldcreatedthroughVRhasplentyofdrawbacks.Thereisstillongoingdebateasto

⑦_____prolongeduseofVRissafe.Somesuggestparentsavoid⑧_____(expose)childrentoVRastheireyesarestilldeveloping.Plus,thatitstargetusersinteractlittlewithpeopleinreallife⑨_____(cause)concerninthepastfewyears.

Bigtechcompaniescan⑩_____(eventual)buildthemelaverse.Butconsumerswillhavetolookbeforetheyleap.答案：held;where;inspiration;leading;to;isreported;whether;exposing;hascaused;eventually第三篇Ifyoualwayshatecertainvegetables,youmaybemorethanapickyeater.Instead,youmightbea"super-taster",aperson①__________"bittergenes"(苦味基因).Thosepeoplewhohavethe"bittergenes"are2.6timesmorelikelytoeat②__________(few)vegetablesthanothers,accordingtoanewstudy③__________(present)attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanHeartAssociation."Wedon'tgetthetasteoffoodequally,"saidProfessorDuffy,anexpertinthestudyoffoodtaste."Itcouldexplainsomeofthedifferencesinourfood④__________(prefer)."Abouthalfofuscantastebitterandsweet,sowearenotespeciallysensitivetobitterfood.Another25%arecalled"non-tasters",to⑤__________bitterfoodmightactuallybeabitsweeter.Therestofusare⑥__________(extreme)sensitivetothebitternessthatsome⑦__________(plant)developtokeepanimalsfromeatingthem.Foodscientistsaretryingtodevelopways⑧__________(reduce)thebitternessinveggies,inthehopethatwecankeep"super-tasters"fromrejectingvegetables.Infact,somevegetableswegrowtoday⑨__________(be)muchsweeterthanbefore.Wemightalsotrytousevariouscookingmethods,eitherbyaddingsomefat,sweetness,strongflavorslikegarlic⑩__________roastingthem,toimprovethetasteofthevegetables.答案：with;fewer;presented;preference;whom;extremely;plants;toreduce;are;or第四篇Amanhadalittledaughter—anonlyandmuch-lovedchild.Helivedforher.Sowhenshebecameill,hebecameacrazyman.He①__________(try)everythingtobringherhealthback.②__________,hiseffortsdidn'tworkandthechilddied.

Thefatherwasheartbrokenanddepressed,③__________(shut)himselfawayfromhisfriendsandrefusingtodoanyactivity

④__________mightbringhimbacktohisnormalself.Onenighthehadadream.Inthedreamhesawagroupoflittlechildren.Theywerewalking

⑤__________aline.Allthechildrenwerewearingwhiteclothesandeachchildcarried

⑥__________candle.Henoticedthatonechild’scandlewasnotlighted.Thenhesawthatthechildwashislittlegirl.Soherushedto⑦__________(she)rightaway,