會計學1八年級定語從句基礎知識第1頁/共66頁定語從句：是指在復合句中，修飾或的從句.被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“

”.引導定語從句的詞叫“

”

基礎知識名詞代詞先行詞關系詞第2頁/共66頁定語從句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定語從句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定語從句基礎知識第3頁/共66頁引導定語從句的關系詞指代人指代事物所屬關系指地點指時間指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewhenwhy關系代詞關系副詞基礎知識第4頁/共66頁eg.Theboy

whoisreadingisTom.先行詞關系代詞Hospitalisaplace

whereadoctorworks.先行詞關系副詞第5頁/共66頁先行詞和關系詞的關系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy

=whotheboy’s

=whoseintheschool

=where關系代詞實際上是先行詞的復指關系詞whose實際上是先行詞的所有格關系副詞實際上是介詞＋先行詞第6頁/共66頁Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.Aplaneiscanfly.關系代詞的實質themachineamachinethat/which第7頁/共66頁TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.

herThelady

wesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that關系代詞實際上代替的就是先行詞第8頁/共66頁

二.關系詞的分類關系代詞

2.

關系副詞關系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語，常用的關系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，常用的關系副詞有：when,where,why二.關系詞的分類第9頁/共66頁三.關系代詞的基本用法和注意點1.關系代詞的基本用法三.1.關系代詞的基本用法關系代詞指代的先行詞充當從句的成分who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語第10頁/共66頁①who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。Theman

(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.Aperson

whostealsthingsiscalledathief.②whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語，可省略。

Theman

(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.who,whom第11頁/共66頁③

which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。

Thesearethetrees

whichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder

（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.which第12頁/共66頁Heistheman

(that)

Itoldyouabout.④that指人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語時，可省略。Aplaneisamachine

thatcanfly.that第13頁/共66頁⑤whose指人或物,在定語從句中作定語。不可省略。Weliveinahouse

whosewindowsfacesouth.Thisisthelittlegirl

whoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whose第14頁/共66頁2.關系代詞的用法注意點(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5種情況只能用that不能用which。①當先行詞中有人又有物時。如：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons

thattheyaretalkingabout?2.關系代詞用法注意點(1)只能用that不能用which的5種情況②當先行詞為不定代詞all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等時。如：Thisisall

thatIwantfromtheschool.第15頁/共66頁④當先行詞被最高級修飾時。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.⑤當先行詞被序數詞修飾時。如：Thefirstlesson

thatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.③當先行詞被only,just,very,right,last等修飾時。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.第16頁/共66頁(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面兩種情況，多用who。(2)用who不用that的情況①先行詞為all,anyone,one,ones等時。如：All

whoheardthenewswereexcited.②先行詞為those,he和people時。如：Those

whowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.He

whodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.第17頁/共66頁(3)whose引導的定語從句注意點①whose引導定語從句，其后應緊跟名詞，構成名詞短語。②whose與它所修飾的名詞一起可以作介詞的賓語。如：Theboss

inwhosedepartmentheworkedhadheardthenews.他工作所在部門的老板已經聽說了這個消息。(3)whose引導的定語從句注意點第18頁/共66頁④whose的先行詞指物時，可用ofwhich代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich，或=ofwhich+the+名詞。如：Thenovel

whosetitle

(=thetitleofwhich或ofwhichthetitle)

isRedandBlackisveryinteresting.③whose引導的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。第19頁/共66頁⑤whose的先行詞指人時，可用ofwhom代替，但語序不同，即whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhom，或=ofwhom+the+名詞。如：Theboy

whosemother

(=themotherofwhom或ofwhomthemother)

isadoctorismyfriend.第20頁/共66頁(4)關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數必須與先行詞保持一致。如：Those

who

areagainsttheplanputupyourhands.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

werepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

waspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.(4)從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致第21頁/共66頁Thescientistwhowemetyesterdayisveryfamous

whomintheworld.that

﹨(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedress

whichsheiswearingisnew.

that

﹨(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.

Wemetheryesterday.鞏固練習：1.用定語從句合并句子鞏固練習1：用定語從句合并句子第22頁/共66頁(3)Heisakindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.Heisakindperson

whoIhaveeverworkedwith.

whomthat

﹨Thisisthebestfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.

﹨第23頁/共66頁(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/thatwho,that,whom,which,whoseIhaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.第24頁/共66頁1.Thegirl__________isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_________________ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl________motherisateachercanspeakEnglish

verywell.4.Ican’tfindthebook____________isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Ican’tfindthebook________________youlenttome.who/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(that/which)鞏固練習：

用適當的關系詞填空鞏固練習2：用適當的關系詞填空第25頁/共66頁Thefamily_____________I’mstayingwithlivesintown.Iknowthestudent______articlewaspublished.Betty,_____hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.Myparentsliveinahouse____________ismorethan100yearsold.Theboywith_____Johnspokeismybrother.Luckilynoneofthepeople______Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.(which/that)whosewho?thatwhich/thatwhomwhom?省略第26頁/共66頁根據從句中的動詞搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.注意：動詞短語不能拆，即介詞不提前我照顧的那個老人好多了。Theoldmanafter

whomIamlookingisbetter.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.介詞+whom/which如何判斷介詞for第27頁/共66頁根據從句中的形容詞搭配Hetoldmesomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof

whichthereisateacher’sdesk.如何判斷介詞with根據先行詞與介詞搭配第28頁/共66頁介詞+關系代詞=關系副詞Mygrandpawasbornin1939________theWorldWarⅡbrokeout.KunMingisabeautifulplace_______flowersareseenalltheyearround.如何判斷介詞inwhichwheninwhichwhere第29頁/共66頁Thesong,________weareinterestedwillbebroadcasttonight.Heisthehero________weareproud.Thisisthecollege________we’llvisitafamousactor.Theearth________weliveisabigroundball.inwhichofwhominwhichonwhichExercise第30頁/共66頁Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10?Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?Doyouliketheteacher__________shelearnedalot?Doyouliketheteacher___________wearetalkinghasgoneabroad?Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhomaboutwhomofwhich介詞+關系代詞的使用第31頁/共66頁

先行詞是theway，意為“方式，方法”時，引導定語從句的關系詞用that/inwhich或省略。

Ididn'tliketheway_______________shetalkedtome.

Theway_________________heteachesEnglishisinteresting.（that/inwhich）（that/inwhich）5.先行詞為theway，關系詞的使用第32頁/共66頁關系代詞as引導1.先行詞與such,thesame連用或先行詞本身就是thesame,such時，要用as。Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.WouldyouliketobuythesamepenasIhave?2.代替整個句子，在從句中作主語，而從句位于句首時，要用as。Asiswellknown,theearthgoesaroundthesun.第33頁/共66頁Theearthisround,___weallknow.___isknowntoall,theearthisround.___isknowntoallthattheearthisround.asAsIt定語從句在句首時只能用as，as具有正如之意，動詞一般較固定as的使用/which第34頁/共66頁Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohave.Beingavolunteerissuchaprivilege____weallwanttohaveit.asthatas的使用第35頁/共66頁五.關系副詞when,where和why的用法五.關系副詞的基本用法關系副詞指代的先行詞充當從句的成分when表時間的名詞/名詞詞組時間狀語where表地點的名詞/名詞詞組地點狀語why表原因的名詞原因狀語第36頁/共66頁用關系副詞when時，先行詞指時間，when在定語從句中作時間狀語，when可換成“介詞+關系代詞”。如：Istillremembertheday

when(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.Myfatherwasbornintheyear

when(=inwhich)WorldWarⅡbrokeout.1.when1.when第37頁/共66頁用關系副詞where時，先行詞指地點，where在定語從句中作地點狀語，where可換成“介詞+關系代詞”。如：Thisisthefarm

where(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.Theschool

where(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.2.where2.where第38頁/共66頁用關系副詞why時，先行詞指原因，why在定語從句中作原因狀語，why可換成“介詞+關系代詞”。如：Thereareseveralreasons

why(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.Tomcouldn’tgivetheteacherthereason

why(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.3.why3.why第39頁/共66頁4.關系副詞的用法注意點(1)當先行詞為time，表示“次數”時，應用關系詞that或省略。如：Thisisthefirsttime

(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.(2)當point,situation,case等詞作先行詞表示“情況，境地，場合”等意思時，其后常由where引導定語從句，where在句中作狀語。如：Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethisphrasecanbeused?4.關系副詞的用法注意點第40頁/共66頁鞏固練習：用適當的關系詞填空

1)October1,1949wastheday______(________)Chinawasfounded.2)Beijingistheplace______(__________)Ilive.

3)Isthisthereason____(________)hedidn’twanttoseeme?

whenonwhichwhereinwhichwhyforwhich鞏固練習：用適當的關系詞填空第41頁/共66頁

4)Isthistheroom______(________)wewerelivinglastwinter?5)Thedaysaregone_____(____________)weused“foreignoil”.6)

Yesterday,wehadameeting______(________)wediscussedmanyproblems.

whereinwhichwhenduringwhichatwhichwhere第42頁/共66頁對比練習：用適當的關系詞填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which)對比練習：用適當的關系詞填空第43頁/共66頁2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which)第44頁/共66頁

Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.第45頁/共66頁I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.Thisisthereason__________hegave.when/inwhich(that/which)where/inwhich(which/that)why/forwhichthat/which及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞第46頁/共66頁六.非限制性定語從句1.非限制性定語從句的定義非限制性定語從句是對被修飾部分進行附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之間的關系比較松散，因此常用逗號隔開。不用that引導Mywatch,whichisveryold,stoppedagain.六.1.非限制性定語從句的定義第47頁/共66頁2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別(1)限制性定語從句和主句的關系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明確。主從句之間不用逗號隔開。而非限制性定語從句則不然。試比較：ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.Thisisagoodbook,whichiseasytounderstand.2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別第48頁/共66頁(2)限制性定語從句的先行詞總是一個名詞或一個代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是一個詞，也可以是部分或整個主句的意思。此時，一般用關系代詞as或which引導。(4)在非限制性定語從句中，不能省略關系代詞，而在限制性定語從句中則可以。(3)限制性定語從句可以用關系代詞that引導，而非限制性定語從句則不能。第49頁/共66頁(5)關系代詞在非限制性定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞前可以有被介詞短語所修飾的詞。如：(6)在非限制性定語從句中，關系代詞還可以作介詞的賓語。Hehastwodaughters,theelderofwhomismarried.Heisill,inspiteofwhichhekeepsonstudying.第50頁/共66頁3.關系代詞as,which引導非限制定語從句時的區別(1)as和which都可指主句的整個意思，而不是主句中的某一個詞。as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還可插入主句中；而which引導的非限制性定語從句一般置于主句之后。如：3.as/which引導非限制性定語從句的區別Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearth.第51頁/共66頁(2)as多用于下列習慣用語中asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswehadexpected正如我們所預料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經常發生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentionedabove正如上面提到的第52頁/共66頁4.“介詞+關系代詞”結構引導非限制性定語從句，一般有以下幾種結構：(1)名詞+介詞+關系代詞：Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.4.“介詞+關系代詞”引導非限制性定語從句的幾種結構(2)代詞+介詞+關系代詞：Therearefourstudentsintheclassroom,allofwhomareworkinghard.第53頁/共66頁(3)數詞+介詞+關系代詞：LastSundayIboughtabookfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.(4)形容詞比較級/最高級+介詞+關系代詞：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.第54頁/共66頁鞏固練習第55頁/共66頁1.①Istillrememberthedays_____Iworkedwiththefarmers.②Istillrememberthedays_____Ispentwiththefarmers.A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.①Wewereontheway_____itbegantorain.②Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which

CAABinwhich/○第56頁/共66頁3.①Theteacherdidn’tknowthereason____shewasabsentyesterday.②Theteachercouldn’tacceptthereason____sheexplainedyesterday.A.howB.whyC.thatD.who4.①Isthisschool_____youevervisited?②Isthistheschool_____youeverstudied?③Isthistheschoolin_____youeverstudied?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.theoneBCDAB第57頁/共66頁5.①Thisis____hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.②Thisisall___hesaidatthemeetingyesterday.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how6.①____isreportedinthenewspapers,theyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.②____isreportedinthenewspaperthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.③___isreportedinthenewspaperisthattheyhavebeatenalltheotherteams.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.WhatCABAD第58頁/共66頁7.①Itwassuchaneasyquestion____theycouldanswer.②Itwassuchaneasyquestion____theycouldanswerit.A.thatB.asC.whichD.what8.①Thatisthehouse,_____windowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.②Thatisthehouse,_____thewindowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.③Thatisthehouse,but_____windowshasn’tbeencleanedformonths.A.it’sB.itsC.whoseD.ofwhichBACDB第59頁/共66頁9.①Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,____wastrue.②Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforhours,but_____isnottrue.A.heB.itC.whichD.who

10.①Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,____died.②Afewpeoplewerecaughtinthebigfire,____dead.A.twoofwho B.twoofwhomC.twoofthem