人教版高中英語課文原

文和翻譯-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOnel必修1第一單元Reading閱讀ANNE'SBESTFRIENDDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughtsOrareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthroughAnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.安妮最好的朋友你想不想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友或者你會不會擔心你的朋友會嘲笑你，會不理解你目前的困境呢安妮弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，所以她把的日記視為自己最好的朋友。AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.HerfamilywasJewishsothehadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.Sheandherfamilyhideawayfortwoyearsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.”NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.在第二次世界大戰期間，安妮住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則就會被德國的納粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25個月之后才被發現。在那段時期，她的日記成了她唯一忠實的朋友。她說：“我不愿像大多數人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把我的日記當作自己的朋友，我把我的這個朋友叫做基蒂。”現在，來看看安妮自1942年7月起躲進藏身處后的那種心情吧。Thursday15,June,1944Dearkitty,Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That'schangedsinceIwashere.??Forexample,whenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpastelevenoneeveninginordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonforoncebymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimesomemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsoneeveningwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface...…Sadly...Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours,Anne1944年6月15日，星期四親愛的基蒂：我不知道這是不是因為我太久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里之后，這一切都變了。……比如說，有一天晚上天氣很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11點半都不睡覺，為的就是能獨自好好地看看月亮。但是因為月光太亮了，我都不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個月以前的一個晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的，我一直呆到非關窗不可的時候才下樓去。漆黑的雨夜，刮著大風，電閃雷鳴，烏云滾滾，我完全被這種景象鎮住了。這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹的夜晚…………不幸的是……我只能透過那滿是灰塵的窗簾下那臟兮兮的窗戶看看大自然。只能隔著窗戶看那大自然實在沒意思，因為大自然是需要真正體驗的東西。你的安妮UsingLanguage語言運用Readingandlistening讀與聽1ReadtheletterthatLisawrotetoMissWangofRadioforTeenagersandpredictwhatMissWangwillsay.Afterlistening,checkanddiscussheradvice.DearMissWang,Iamhavingsometroublewithmyclassmatesatthemoment.I'mgettingalongwellwithaboyinmyclass.Weoftendohomeworktogetherandweenjoyhelpingeachother.Wehavebecomereallygoodfriends.Butotherstudentshavestartedgossiping.TheysaythatthisboyandIhavefalleninlove.Thishasmademeangry.Idon'twanttoendthefriendship,butIhateothersgossiping.WhatshouldIdo?Yours,Lisa1讀讀琳達為青少年寫給電臺王小組的這封信，然后王小姐可能會怎么說。聽完錄音之后，核對并討論她的建議。親愛的王小姐：現在我同班上的同學有些麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學一直相處的很好。我們常常一起做家庭作業，而且很樂意互相幫助。我們成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同學卻在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是，我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？你的莉薩Readingandwriting讀與寫MissWanghasreceivedaletterfromXiaodong.Heisalsoaskingforsomeadvice.ReadtheletterontherightcarefullyandhelpMissWanganswerit.王小姐收到小冬的一封來信。小冬是要征求一些意見。仔細閱讀右邊的信，然后幫王小姐回復。DearMissWang,I'mastudentfRomHuzhouSeniorHighSchool.Ihaveaproblem.I'mnotverygoodatcommunicatingwithpeople.AlthoughItrytotalktomyclassmates,Istillfindithardtomakegoodfriendswiththem.SoIfeelquitelonelysometimes.Idowanttochangethissituation,butIdon'tknowhow.IwouldbegratefUlifyoucouldgivemesomeadvice.Yours,Xiaodong親愛的王小姐：我是湖州高中的一名學生，我有一個難題，我不大善于與人們交際。雖然我試著和班上的同學交談，但是，我還是很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時候我感到十分的孤獨。我確實想改變這種現狀，但是我卻不知道怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。你的小東2Decidewhicharethebestideasandputthemintoanorder.Thenwritedownyouradviceandexplainhowitwillhelp.Eachideacanmakeoneparagraph.ThefollowingsampleandtheexpressionsmayhelpyouDearXiaodong,I'msorryyouarehavingtroubleinmakingfriends.However,thesituationiseasytochangeifyoufollowmyadvice.Herearesometipstohelpyou.First,whynot...Ifyoudothis,...Secondly,youcould/can.Then/Thatway,.Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif.Bydoingthis,.hopeyouwillfindtheseideasuseful.YoursMissWang決定哪些是最好并把它們按順序組織起來。然后把你的建議寫出來，并解釋它為什么會有所幫助。每個想法可以自成一個段落。下面的例子和表達可能對你有所幫助。親愛的小冬：很遺憾聽說你在交朋友的過程中遇到了困難。但是，如果你聽聽我的建議，這種情況是很容易改變的。這些建議會對你有所幫助。第一，為什么不……呢？如果你這樣做第二，你可以這樣的話……第三，如果……那將是個不錯的主意。通過做……我希望你會發現這些想法對你有所幫助。你的王小姐LEARNINGTIP學習建議It'sagoodhabitforyoutokeepadiary.Itcanhelpyour^meYburpastevencanexpressyourfeelingsandthoughtsinit.ItwillhelpyouimproveyourEnglishifyouwriteyourdiaryinEnglish.Whynothaveatry?寫日記對你來說是一個好習慣。它可以幫你記住一些過去發生的事件。你還可以在日記中表達你的情感和思想。如果你用英語寫日記的話，還可以幫助你提高英語水平。為什么不試一試呢？第二單元Reading閱讀THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondorforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.通向現代英語之路在16世紀末，大約有五至七百萬人講英語。幾乎所有這些講英語的人都住在英格蘭。在其后的一個世紀中，英格蘭人為征服世界航海到了世界其他一些地方結果世界的其他地方的人們也開始說英語了。今天，把英語作為自己的第—語言、第二語言或外語來使用的人比以往任何時候都多。NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes,I'dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講不是同一種英語，他們也能彼此聽懂。請看看這個例子：英國人貝蒂：來看看我的公寓嗎？美國人艾米：好的，我來看看你的公寓吧。SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertimeActuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokenfirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.那么，隨著時間的推移英語為什么發生了變化呢？實際上，當不同文化相互交流滲透時，所有的語言都會有所發展和變化。開始，英格蘭人在大約公元450年到1150年之間所說的英語與我們今天所說的英語很不一樣。當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎的，不像我們現在說的英語。后來，大約在公元800年至1150年之間，英語慢慢變得不那么像德語，因為統治英格蘭的那些人開始是說丹麥語，后來說法語。這些新來的定居者豐富了英語語言，尤其是豐富了英語詞匯。所以到17世紀初的時候，莎士比亞能夠得以使用比以往任何時候都豐富的詞匯。1620年一些英國定居者來到了美洲，后來到了18世紀的時候，一些英國人還被帶到了澳大利亞。英語也就開始在這兩個國家使用。Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.最后到19世紀的時候，英語這種語言就變得穩定了。當時，英語的拼寫發生了兩個很大的變化：先是塞繆爾約翰遜編寫了他的英語詞典，后是諾亞韋伯斯特出版了《美國英語詞典》。后者使得美式英語的拼寫有了其獨特的個性。EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentityOnlytimewilltell.現在英語在南亞地區也被作為外語或第二語言使用。比如，印度就有很多人說英語說得很流利，因為在1765年到1947年之間英國統治著印度。在此期間，英語成了印度政府和教育所用的語言。在新加坡和馬來西亞以及像非洲的南非，人們現在也說英語。當今，在中國學英語的人數正在快速增加，事實上，中國可能是學英語人數最多的國家。中國式英語是否也能發展成一種具有自己獨特個性的語言？這還有待時間去證明。UsingLanguage語言運用STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTSWhatisstandardEnglishIsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealandBelieveitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentform“standardlanguage”，itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallythemidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedformoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother'sdialects.什么是標準英語是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標準英語。許多人認為，電視和收音機里所說的英語就是標準英語，這是因為在早期的電臺節目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機里，你也會聽出人們在說話時的差異。當人們使用不同于“標準語言”的詞語和表達時，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特別是中西部地區和南部地區的方言，以及美國黑人和西班牙人的方言。即使在美國有些地區，兩個相鄰城鎮的人所說的方言也可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因為美國人是來自世界各地的緣故。地理位置對方言的形成也有所影響。住在美國東部山區的一些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當美國人從一個地方搬到另一個地方時，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個大國，有著許許多多彼此不同的方言。雖然許多美國人經常搬家，但是他們仍然能夠辨別和理解彼此的方言。Readingandspeaking讀與說1AmyandherAmericanfriendsarevisitingLondon.TheyplantovisitAmy'sauntanddecidetogotherebyunderground,butcannotfindthenearestundergroundstation.Sosheasksdirectionsandthentellsherfriends.Readthedialogueandcirclethewordsthatmeanthesame.1艾米和她的美國朋友正在參觀倫敦。她們計劃去拜訪艾米的姑媽，并決定乘地鐵去，但是她們找不到最近的地鐵站。所以她問問了路，然后告訴她的朋友。讀對話，然后圈出意思相同的詞。AMY:Excuseme,Ma'ma.Couldyoutellmewherethenearestsubwaysis?LADY:Er...theundergroundWell,goroundthecorneronyourleft-handside,straightonandcrosstwostreets.It'llbeonyourright-handside.AMY:Thankssomuch.FRIENDS:Whatdidshesay,Amy?AMY:Shetoldustogoaroundthecornerontheleftandkeepgoingstraightfortwoblocks.Thesubwaywillbeonourright.艾米：對不起，夫人，你能告訴我去最近的地鐵站怎么走嗎？夫人：呃地鐵？哦，往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊。艾米：多謝了。朋友：艾米，她說什么？艾米：她叫我們往左邊拐過去，一直往前走，走過兩條街，地鐵就是右邊【意思相同的詞】subwayunderground（地鐵）right-handsideright（右邊）streetblock街道，街區第三單元TraveljournalJOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONGPART1THEDREAMANDTHEPLANMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeinKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege.wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,"Wherearewegoing"ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.Now,Iknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,"Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback"Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourse,shehadn't;mysisterdoesn'tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince.Shegavemeadeterminedlook—thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000metres,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysisterwell.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglacieronaTibetanmountain.Atfirsttheriverissmallandthewaterisclearandcold.Thenitbeginstomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travellingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandthehighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide，brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheastAsia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.沿湄公河而下的旅行第一部分夢想與計劃我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐和我就一直夢想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛價錢昂貴的山地自行車，然后她還說服我也買了一輛。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟—在昆明讀大學的刀偉和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，湄公河在中國境內的這一段叫瀾滄江，流經其他國家后就叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對騎車旅行產生了興趣。到大學畢業后，我們終于有了作一次騎車旅行的機會。我問姐姐：“我們要去哪里？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點騎車旅行的是我的姐姐。現在，她正為這次旅行制訂計劃。我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個嚴重的缺點，她有時確實很固執。盡管她對到某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要把這次旅行安排的盡善盡美。現在我知道了這個盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我老是問她：“我們什么時候動身什么時候回來”我問她是否已經看過地圖。當然她并沒有看過，我的姐姐是不會考慮細節的。于是我告訴她湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個堅定的眼神—這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。當我告訴她我們的旅行將從5000多米的的高地出發時，她似乎顯得很興奮。當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸會很困難，而且天氣會很冷時，她卻說這將是一次很有趣的經歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，就什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。在我們旅行前的幾個月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到了一本大型的地圖冊，里面有一些世界地理的明細圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河源于西藏—座山上的冰川。起初，河很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動。它穿過深谷時就變成了急流。流經云南西部。有時，這條河形成瀑布進入寬闊的峽谷。我們驚奇的發現這條河有一半是在中國境內。當流出中國，流出高地后，湄公河就變寬，變暖了。河水也變成了黃褐色。而當它進入東南亞以后，流速減慢，河水變寬慢慢地穿過低谷，至IJ了長著稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。ReadinganddiscussingJOURNEYDOWNTHEMEKONGPART2ANIGHTINTHEMOUNTAINSAlthoughitwasautumn,thesnowwasalreadybeginningtofallinTibet.Ourlegsweresoheavyandcoldthattheyfeltlikeblocksofice.HaveyoueverseensnowmenridebicyclesThat'swhatwelookedlike!Alongthewaychildrendressedinlongwoolcoatsstoppedtolookatus.Inthelateafternoonwefounditwassocoldthatourwaterbottlesfroze.However,thelakesshonelikeglassinthesettingsunandlookedwonderful.WangWeirodeinfrontofmeasusual.SheisveryreliableandIknewIdid'tneedtoencourageher.Toclimbthemountainswashardworkbutaswelookedaroundus,weweresurprisedbytheview.Weseemedtobeabletoseeformiles.Atonepointweweresohighthatwefoundourselvescyclingthroughclouds.Thenwebegangoingdownthehills.Itwasgreatfunespeciallyasitgraduallybecamemuchwarmer.Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundusandwesawmanyyaksandsheepeatinggreengrass.Atthispointwehadtochangeourcaps,coats,glovesandtrousersforT-shirtsandshorts.Intheearlyeveningwealwaysstoptomakecamp.Weputupourtentandthenweeat.AftersupperWangWeiputherheaddownonherpillowandwenttosleepbutIstayedawake.Atmidnighttheskybecameclearerandthestarsgrewbrighter.Itwassoquiet.Therewasalmostnowind-onlytheflamesofourfireforcompany.AsIlaybeneaththestarsIthoughtabouthowfarwehadalreadytravelled.WewillreachDaliinYunnanProvincesoon,whereourcousinsDaoWeiandYuHangwilljoinus.Wecanhardlywaittoseethem!Unit4EarthquakesReadingANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN'TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoistoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonjuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothiughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedas訐theworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometresaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdir.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortravelling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionoigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.peoplebegabtowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantohelptherescueworkers.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybutrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.OfficeoftheCityGovernmentTangshan,HebeiChinaJuly5,2007Dear,Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudofyou!Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.OurofficewouldliketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvistorsonJuly28at11:00am.Asyouknow,thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-yearsago.Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspecialday.Sincerely,ZhangShaUnit5ELIAS'STORYMynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.HetoldmyhowtogetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:"Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.”Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica