話題1-學習能力【知識梳理】本單元的話題圍繞學習英語的方法展開，中間涉及學習中遇到的具體困難，也描述了一個學生學習英語的親身經歷，談論如何成為一名好的學習者。有關“學習能力”的話題寫作主要包括介紹學習方法（如：語言學習）和拓寬學習渠道（如：食譜和DIY制作等）兩方面，引導學生主動學習.培養良好的學習習慣，全面提升學生的綜合素質。一般以說明又或應用文的形式展現。課文回顧：1.—Howdoyoustudyforatest?你是怎樣準備考試的?—Istudybyworkingwithagroup.我通過和小組成員合作學習?！揪湫推饰觥縣ow引導特殊疑問句，常用來提問by引導的方式狀語。by表示“通過……方法、手段”等?！癰y+doing”意為“通過……(方法、途徑)做某事”表示通過某種方式、方法或手段去做某事，此時by短語用作狀語。by+地點名詞。表示場所、方位，意為：“在…旁邊”。如：bythelake/river/tree/window/door等Shesearchedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath她搜索了山頂，然后停下來在路邊的一塊大石頭上休息。by+時間名詞。意為：“到…時（已發生某事），此時謂語多用完成時；最晚、不遲于…，在…之前”。如：bynow/then/thistime/nextFriday/theendof/threeo`clock等。Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted.到去年年底，又有一座新體育館峻工了。by+名詞?？捎脕肀矸椒?、方式、手段等。1、by+the+可數的時間、長度、重量等名詞。意為：“按…計算，按…買(賣)”。如：bythepound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaidbythehour.城市里的女清潔工通常按小時獲得報酬。2、by+表示時間、長度、重量等總稱的不可數名詞（名詞前不加冠詞）。意為：“按…計算，按…買(賣)”。如：bytime/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area等。Asweallknow,thefreightoftheluggageischargedbyweight.眾所周知，行李的運費是按重量計算的。3、by+交通工具、交通方式名詞（名詞前不加冠詞，不變復數）。意為：“通過…，由…，乘…”。如：bytrain/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane;byland/road/sea/water/air等。（onfoot)Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain;it`squickerbyroad.(或bybus)乘火車去那兒要花很長時間，公路比較快。4、by+抽象名詞或具有抽象意義的普通名詞（名詞前不加冠詞，不變復數）。意為：“靠…，通過…，由…所致”。如：byskill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident;bymail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine等。Althoughhehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic,notbyluck.雖然他曾大部分時間一直在錯誤的地方尋找，但他還是靠邏輯推理而非運氣，找到了它。5、by+地點或工具等具體名詞。表路線、途徑，意為：“通過（某物、某地），取道…”。如：byastonebridge/thebackdoor/thefreeway/countryroads等。Themanenteredtheroombythebackdoor.那人通過后門進入了房間。2.It'stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.【句型剖析】“too+形容詞/副詞+to+動詞原形”結構，意為“太……而不能……”，該句型用于肯定句，但表示否定的意義。3.Annie,I'malittlenervous.【句型剖析】alittle可直接修飾不可數名詞。abit修飾名詞時其后須加of，即abitof，后接不可數名詞。4.Thatdoesn'tsoundtoobad.【句型剖析】sound用作連系動詞，“聽起來”，其后常跟形容詞。英語中常用的連系動詞：一是（be），一感（feel），三保持（keep\remain\stay），二：……起來：有四個連系動詞（sound,look,smell,taste），三：好像（seem），變了：有三個連系動詞（get,turn,become）。四：provecometruegohungry5.Themoreyouread,thefasteryou'llbe.【句型剖析】“the+比較級，the+比較級”意為“越……就越……”。例如：Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.你微笑越多，你越感覺幸福。6.WhydidWeiFanfinditdifficulttolearnEnglish?【句型剖析】“find+it+adj.+todosth.”“發現做某事…”7.Iwasafraidtoaskquestionsbecausemypronunciationwasverybad.【句型剖析】beafraidtodosth.意為“害怕做某事”Iamafraidtotravelbyplane.我怕乘飛機旅行?！就卣埂縝eafraidofsb/sth.“害怕某人/某物”。Areyouafraidofsnake?你怕蛇嗎？Iamafraidthat從句.“擔心…”。I'mafraid意為“恐怕”，主要用于禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事。例如：I'mafraidIcan'tstay.恐怕我不能留下。8.Whatisthesecrettolanguagelearning?【句型剖析】thesecretto…“…的秘訣”其中to為介詞,表示所屬，意為“…的….”。例如：ThatisthesecrettolearningEnglishwell.她的年齡對我們大家來說是個秘密?！就卣埂縤nsecret偷偷地,暗地里Hehasleftthecountryinsecret. 他已秘密出國。keepsth.asecretfrom=keepa/thesecretfrom對…保守秘密例如：Icankeepnothingasecretfromyou.我對你沒有保密的事。9.Ittakestime.這得花時間?！揪湫推饰觥縄ttakessb.sometimetodosth.意思是“花了某人多長時間去做某事”。在這里，it是形式主語，指代后面的動詞不定式，動詞不定式才是真正的主語。10.ThenonedayIwatchedanEnglishmoviecalledToyStory.Ifellinlovewiththisexcitingandfunnymovie!【句型剖析】calledToyStory.called為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞movie.短語：fallinlovewith“愛上某人/某物”。同義于“beinlovewith,意為“與…相愛”，表狀態。11.IwanttolearnnewwordsandmoregrammarsothatIcanhaveabetterunderstandingofEnglishmovies.【句型剖析】sothat引導的是目的狀語從句，意思是“為了，目的是”。Tomgetsupearlysothathecancatchthefirstbuseveryday.湯姆每天早起是為了能趕上第一班公共汽車而so…that….“如此……以至于”ThemovieissotouchingthatIcriedafterwatchingit.這部電影如此感人以至于我看后哭了。TheteacherspokesoquicklythatIdidnotunderstandhermostofthetime.老師講得如此快以至于大部分時間我都聽不懂她講什么。so……that……引導結果狀語從句，意思是“如此……以至于……”,其中so是副詞，與形容詞或副詞連用，即“so+形容詞或副詞+that從句”。12.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactive……研究表明，如果你對某種東西感興趣，你的大腦會更加活躍……【句型剖析】be/get/becomeinterestedinsth.意思是“對……感興趣”,它與take/have/showaninterestinsth.同義。13.MypronunciationimprovedaswellbylisteningtotheconversationsinEnglishmovies.【句型剖析】aswell也；又（通常放句尾）IsingmyownsongsandIplaytheguitaraswell我唱自己譜曲的歌，也彈吉他。【辨析】also,too,aswell,either這些詞均含“也”之意。also比too正式一些，語氣較重，只用于肯定句，一般緊靠動詞。too語氣較輕，多用于口語，在肯定句中使用，通常位于句末。之前加逗號。aswell一般不用否定句，通常放在句末，強調時可放在句中。either用于否定句，放在句末，之前加逗號。14.Idiscoveredthatlisteningtosomethingyouareinterestedinisthesecrettolanguagelearning.【句型剖析】discover是指“發現”原來就有而一直沒被發現的東西(如電、煤、石油等礦藏及新星、星系或科學真理等)而invent指通過勞動運用聰明才智“發明；創造”出以前從未存在過的新事物。15.Everyoneisbornwiththeabilitytolearn.Butwhetherornotyoucandothiswelldependsonyourlearninghabits.【句型剖析】beborn意為“天生，出生”為被動語態，be動詞通常用was或were，born為bear的過去式。Iwasborninasmallvillage.我出生在一個小山村。ability在此處為不可數名詞，意為“能力”常構成短語havetheabilitytodosth.(有能力做某事)，而不用“havetheabilityofdoingsth”結構。Manhastheabilitytospeak.人類有說話的能力。whetherornot意為“是否”,whether引導主語從句，不能與if替換。whethershewillcomeornotisstillaproblem.她是否會來還是個問題。dependon意為“視……而定，取決于；依靠；依賴”。后接名詞，代詞或動名詞。既不能用于進行時態也不能用于被動語態。Wedependonthenewspaperfordailynews.我們得靠報紙得知每天的消息。16.Studiesshowthatifyouareinterestedinsomething,yourbrainismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopayattentiontoitforalongtime.【句型剖析】activeadj,“活躍的，積極的”，可作表語或定語。常用短語：takeanactivepartin，意為“積極參加”17.Althoughheisover80,heisstillveryactive.他雖然年過八十，但是仍很活躍?！揪湫推饰觥縫ayattentionto意為“注意，關注”，其中to為介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。You’dbetterpayattentiontothiswordintheEnglishexamlasttime.你最好注意一下上次英語考試中的這個單詞。18.Goodlearnersoftenconnectwhattheyneedtolearnwithsomethingtheyareinterestedin.【句型剖析】connect…with…意為“把……和……聯系起來”其中connect意為“（使）連接；與……有聯系”，其名詞形式為connection，意為“連接；關系”。Pleasedon’tconnectthispersonwiththatperson.請不要把這個人和那個人聯系在一起。need在此處為及物動詞，意為“需要”其后跟名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式。need作實義動詞時，既可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句和疑問句，構成否定和疑問句時要借助助動詞do/does/did。Ineedalotofmoneynow.我現在很需要錢。19.Goodlearnersthinkaboutwhattheyaregoodatandwhattheyneedtopracticemore.【句型剖析】Thinkabout意為“考慮”其后接名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式或賓語從句。Theyarethinkingaboutaseriousproblem.他們正在考慮一個嚴肅的問題。Begoodat“擅長”同義于dowellin“在某方面做得好”HeisgoodatEnglish.=hedoeswellinEnglish.20.Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youwillforgetitunlessyouuseit.【句型剖析】Evenif意為“即使，盡管”，用于讓步狀語從句，有退一步設想的意味，同義于“eventhough”。I’llhelpyou,evenifImuststayupthewholenight.即使熬夜一整晚我也要幫助你。forget后直接跟名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式，但兩者意義完全不同。forgettodosth.和forgetdoingsth.forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事Iforgetturningoffthelight.我忘記已經關燈了。unlessconj.除非；如果不，作連詞，用來引導狀語從句，?？梢赞D化為“if...not...”的同義句。若主句為一般將來時，unless引導的條件狀語從句要用一般現在時表示將來。21.Knowledgecomesfromquestioning.【句型剖析】question在句子中作動詞，是“質疑；質問；提問”的意思。例如：Ijustacceptedwhathetoldme.Ineverthoughttoquestionit.當question用作動詞，表示對某人或事物進行提問時，是一種十分正式的用法，有“提問；詢問；審問”的意思。Thepolicequestionedhimforthreehoursbeforelettinghimgo.【專題過關】評卷人得分一、補全對話5選5根據對話情景選擇恰當的選項補全對話。A:Hello,Rose.CanyoutellmehowyoulearnEnglishwell?B:Sure.Thebestwayistopractice.Youknow,practicemakesperfect.A:____1____B:IpracticeoralEnglisheverymorning.IalsotakeeverychancetopracticeoralEnglishinandafterclass.A:____2____B:Yes,Ido.KeepingadiaryinEnglishhelpsmealotwithmywriting.A:____3____B:IlistentoEnglishprogramstoimprovemylisteningabilityinmysparetime.A:Howdoyouimproveyourreadingability?B:____4____A:Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?B:Inthefuture,IwanttobeacollegeEnglishteacher.A:____5____B:Thankyou.A．DoyoukeepadiaryinEnglish?B．Howdoyouimproveyourlisteningability?C．IenjoyreadingnewspapersinEnglish.D．WhendoyoupracticeoralEnglish?E．Ihopeyourdreamwillcometrue.評卷人得分二、完形填空PeopleoftenaskmeforsuggestionsabouthowtolearnEnglish.Asforit,everyoneis____6____.I’llsharesomeofmyexperience.OnethingIcantellyouisthat,onceyou’vestartedlearning,youshouldtrytoforma____7____ofthinkinginEnglish.Ifyouseesomethingwhenyou’reridingyourbikeorwalkingdownthestreet,justthinkabout“____8____wouldIsaytheminEnglish?”Atfirst,itmightbewithsimplewordsorphrases,butlateryoushould____9____longerphrasesandsentences.NowI’minAmerica,andformostof____10____time,IwouldthinkinEnglishandspeakitdirectly.It’samazinghowmuchthis____11____.ForseveralyearsafterIstartedlearning,IwasoftenafraidoftalkingwithothersinEnglish____12____Ididn’twanttomakemistakes.FinallyIgotitover.AndwhiletravelinginAmerica,I’dtrytohangoutwithfriendswhocouldn’tspeakEnglish,sothatI’dhavenochoice____13____tospeakEnglish.AndIalsodecidedthatifIsaidsomethingstupidandotherpeoplelaughedatme,thensobeit(就那樣吧).Afterthat,myEnglishstartedimprovingmuchmore____14____.Besides,itmaybeagoodideatoask____15____Americanfriendstolookatthewayyou’rewriting,andgiveyousomesuggestionsforimprovement.6．A．interesting B．difficult C．different D．similar7．A．method B．thought C．rule D．habit8．A．How B．When C．Why D．What9．A．thinkabout B．talkabout C．thinkover D．talkwith10．A．/ B．a C．an D．the11．A．does B．goes C．helps D．enjoys12．A．though B．if C．because D．to13．A．and B．but C．or D．so14．A．slowly B．quickly C．wisely D．happily15．A．your B．my C．our D．their評卷人得分三、閱讀判斷根據短文內容，判斷正（T）誤（F）。WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youfinditnotclevertoputanEnglishsentencewordforwordintoyourownlanguage.Takethesentence“Howdoyoudo?”forexample.Ifyoulookupeachwordinthedictionary,oneatatime,whatwillbeyourtranslation?Itmustbeawrongsentenceinyourownlanguage.Languagesdon’tjusthavedifferenceinsounds,theyaredifferentinmanyways.It’salsoimportanttomastertherulesforwordorderinthestudyofEnglish.Ifthespeakersputwordsinawrongorder,thelistenerwillnotunderstandthespeaker’ssentenceeasily.SometimeswhentheorderofwordsinanEnglishsentenceischanged,themeaningofthesentencechanges.However,sometimestheorderischanged,themeaningofthesentencedoesn’tchange.Let’sseethedifferencebetweenthetwopairsofsentences.“Sheonlylikesapples.”“Onlyshelikesapples!”“Ihaveseenthefilmalready.”“Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.”WhenyouarelearningEnglish,youmustdoyourbesttogetthespiritofthelanguageanduseitastheEnglishspeakerdoes.16．WeshouldputeverywordintoourownlanguagewhenwearelearningEnglish.17．ThewriterthinksitisimportanttomastertherulesforwordorderinlearningEnglish.18．Sometimesdifferentorderofwordshasadifferentmeaning.19．“Sheonlylikesapples.”isdifferentfrom“Onlyshelikesapples.”20．HowtoLearnEnglishisthebesttitleforthispassage.評卷人得分四、閱讀單選ListeningPracticinglisteningisagoodwaytoimproveyourlisteningskills.WhenyoulistentosomethinginEnglish,trytonotedownkeyinformation.Youcanalsowritedownkeywordsandexpressions.Whilelistening,youmaynotunderstandmuchatfirst.Keeponlisteningandyouwillunderstandmore.SpeakingIt’sthemostimportanttobelieveyourselfwhenyouspeakEnglish.Don’tspeaksofastthattheotherscannotunderstandyou.Ifyouforgetaword,trytouse“um”or“er”astheEnglishpeopledoallthetime.Remembertobepolite-use“please”and“thankyou”ifyouasksomeoneforhelp.ReadingWhenyouread,themostimportantthingtodoistounderstandthemainideas.Usethetitleandthepicturetohelpyouunderstandthemainideaofapassage.Whenyoureadapassage,trytofindwho,what,when,where,whyandhow.Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthepassagebetter.WritingWhenyouwriteacomposition,rememberthreethings.Usesomethingyouhavereadasamodelinyourcomposition.Useexpressionsandsentencesfromthemodelandchangethedetails.Thiswillhelpyouwiththecontent(內容),thegrammarandthevocabularyyouincludeinyourcomposition.Usewordslike“and”,“or”and“but”tojoinsentences.21．WhenyoulistentosomethinginEnglish,you_________.A．needtopracticewritingskills B．havetowritedownnewwordsC．mustunderstandnewexpressions D．shouldtrytowritedownkeyinformation22．Whatisthemostimportantforyoutoimproveyourspeakingskills?A．Tospeakatanaturalspeed. B．Touse“um”or“er”ifyouforgetaword.C．Tobepolitewhenyouaskothersforhelp. D．TobelieveyourselfwhenyouspeakEnglish.23．InParagraph(段落)3,theword“This”refersto(指)“_________”.A．readingthetitle B．lookingatthepictureC．understandingthemainidea D．findingwho,what,when,where,whyandhow24．ThefollowingthingsarementionedinthelastparagraphEXCEPT_________.A．writingaboutwhatyouknowbestB．joiningsentenceswith“and”,“or”and“but”C．usingsomethingyouhavereadasamodelD．usingsomeexpressionsandsentencesfromthemodel評卷人得分五、閱讀填表Goodmorning,everyone!WelcometoourprogramBeautifulLife.Lastweek,somefriendsaskedmehowtochangetheirlivesbytakingsmallsteps.Herearemysuggestions.●ExerciseWanttofeelbetterandhavelessstressinyourlife?Justexercise.Itnotonlyprovidesyouwithahealthybody,butisalsogoodforyourbrain.●BegratefulNeverforgetthegoodthingsyouhave.Youhavefoodinyourstomach,awarmbedtosleepin,cleanwater,family,friendsandsoon.Begratefulforwhatyouhavehad.Itmakesyoufeelluckyandthenmakesyoulucky.●ConnectwithpeopleStartwiththeclosestpeoplearoundyou.Spendtimelisteningtoandcommunicatingwiththem.Shareyourknowledgeandyourtimewithsomeoneelse.Say“hello”tostrangers.Thiswillmakeyoumoreopenandrelaxed.●ReadmoreIthinkthesuccessfulpeopleinthisworldlovereading.MarkCuban,anAmericanbusinessman,usedtoreadeverybookhecouldgethishandson.Evenafterhebecameveryrich,hestillreadatleastthreehourseveryday.●LiveinthepresentWhathashappened.Whatwillhappen.Shapeyourpastandfuturebylivingyourpresenttothefullest.HowtoChangeOurLivesbyTakingSmallStepsExerciseYoucanfeelbetterandhavelessstressifyouoftendo____25____.BegratefulYouwillfeel____26____ifyouarealwaysgrateful.____27____withpeopleListeningtoandcommunicatingwithotherpeoplecanmakeyouopenandrelaxed.Readmore____28____isagoodhabit.LiveinthepresentYoushouldshapeyourpastand____29____bylivingyourpresenttothefullest.評卷人得分六、短文語境提示填空根據課文內容填空。Asastudent,youmustwanttobecomeasuccessful____30____.Howcanwelearnwell?Howcanwebecomebetterand____31____?Maybeyoucantrythefollowingways.Everyoneis____32____withthe____33____tolearn.Butifyouwanttolearnsomethingwell,youshouldhavegoodlearning____34____.____35____aninterestinwhatyoulearnIfyouareinterestedinsomething,your____36____ismoreactiveanditisalsoeasierforyoutopay____37____toitforalongtime.Goodlearnersoften____38____whattheyneedtolearnwithsomethinginteresting.Forexample,ifyouwanttolearnEnglishwellandyoulovemusic,youcanlistentoEnglishsongs.Thiswayyouwon’tget_____39_____.Practicingandlearning_____40_____mistakesPracticemakes_____41_____.Evenifyoulearnsomethingwell,youneedto_____42___