自考英語二復習精要自考英語二復習精要自考英語二復習精要xxx公司自考英語二復習精要文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度英語二復習精要UNIT1wordstudyobjective,accompany,argue,define=1\*GB3①objectivea.=1\*GB2⑴客觀的，真實的。=2\*GB2⑵如實的，無偏見的。Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiverealityasitis.我們必須接受客觀事實。Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement.文學批評家在分析和評價時應盡量不偏不倚。n.目標，目的。PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan.人們為了實現第九個五年規劃的經濟目標而努力工作。Myobjectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam.我目前的目標是通過口試。=2\*GB3②accompanyvt./vi.1、伴隨，陪同；2、為。。。伴奏Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil.演唱者由他的學生擔任鋼琴伴奏。Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog.這位孤獨的老人讓他的狗作伴。Allordersmustbeaccompaniedwithcash.所有的訂貨單必須隨附現金。=3\*GB3③arguevt./vi.爭辯，爭論，辯論作不及物動詞用時，后邊可以接with,about或over，for（贊成）或against（反對）。Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.她總喜歡為極小的問題進行爭論。HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames.他常和詹姆斯討論哲學。Hearguedforimmediateaction.他主張立即行動。Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.他們反對這種政策。vt.1、說服；2、用辯論說服argueinto（outof）doingsth..說服某人做（不做）某事。Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.我說服他不做這樣危險的旅行。Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes.他論證人類的祖先是猿。=4\*GB3④definevt.1、解釋，給。。。下定義；2、限定，規定。Workisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce.功的定義是力和力的著力點沿力的方向移動的距離的乘積。Hehasdefinedhispositionontheissues.他已表明自己在這些問題上的立場。?？季湫?、決策是在現有的可選做法中所做的選擇。P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.2、管理者經常必須對未來的情況下做出最佳的猜測，盡量不存僥幸。P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.

3、如果沒有選擇，就無決策可言。P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律、慣例等待因素的制約。P3Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有時以非此即彼的方式來處理問題。P4Forexample,managerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、決策者們必須有辦法決定數個可選項中的哪一個是最好的---哪一個對組織目標的實現起作用最大。P6Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.7、就更大的系統來說，增加研究經費以便改進產品，對該組織更有益。P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目標比另一些目標更重要，但其排序和重要性則因人和部門而異。P7Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.習題1.單詞英譯漢

goal,objective,accomplish,predict,accompany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,

2.詞組英譯漢

intheway,inpart,pointofview,contributeto,toapplyfor,inhand,toturndown

3.句子英譯漢

與?？季湫拖嗤?。4.TextA漢譯英

決策者應該能夠對將來作出最好的推測。

Decisionmakersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.

有人認為經理們所作的一切均與決策有關。

Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision.

沒有正確的選擇就沒有正確的決定。

Ifthereisnoproperchoice,thereisnoproperdecision.

不同的人對同樣的問題有不同的看法，所以解決的辦法也不同。

Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesameproblem;theirsolutionstotheproblemare,therefore,alsodifferent.

決策者往往是公司業務發展的關鍵。

Decisionmakersoftenplaythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany.

Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecompany'sbusinessdevelopment.4、歷年試題1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_______(involve)decisions,indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(99.4)。答案是involves.考點:involve為謂語動詞，應該用一般現在時。2.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision_______(make).(99.4)答案是tobemade。考點：tobemade是動詞不定式作定語修飾decision.3.Ifyouarenow_____yourthirties,youcanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.(99.4)A.inB.atC.betweenD.among答案是A.4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_____decisions;indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(00.4)A.imposesB.improviseC.involvesD.indicates答案為C.5.When______(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems.答案為presented.考點：present是過去分詞作狀語。6.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision_____(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.答案是made.考點：make是過去分詞作定語，修飾decision.7.漢譯英：通常管理者必須對未來的情況作出最佳的預測。

答案：Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.1.決策的目的是為了實現組織的目標。答：Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.2.決策過程對經營管理至關重要。答：Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobusinessmanagement.3.經理所做的任何事情幾乎都與決策有關。答：Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.4.雖然我們不能預見未來，但應當盡量減少偶然性發生。答：Althoughwecannotpredictthefuture,wemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.5.不同的管理者對同一問題的解釋不同。答：Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT21、wordstudyexert,collapse,lauch,operate=1\*GB3①exertvt.盡（力）；發揮（威力等）；施加（壓力等）；產生（影響等）；行使（職權等）Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.他已盡了全力以達到自己的目標。Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.他一直在施加種種壓力要我改變主意。Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution.這些原則對革命進程產生了很大的影響。=2\*GB3②collapsen.1、倒塌，崩潰，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter.暴風雨使這個避風雨的木棚倒塌了。Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse.他的精神崩潰了。Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.政府的倒臺使全國陷入混亂之中。vi.倒塌，崩潰Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow.屋頂被雪壓塌了。Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings.會談了幾次之后，談判破裂了。Inthelastweeksofthewarshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.在戰爭的最后幾個星期里她的身體因長期監禁而垮掉了。=3\*GB3③lauchvt1、發射，投射；2、使（船）下水Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket.這顆衛星是由火箭發射的。Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf.獵人把矛向狼擲去。Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched.一條新船已成功地下水。vt./vi.發動，發起（運動等）launchoutinto開始，著手進行Ourarmylaunchedanattackontheenemy.我們的軍隊向敵人發起猛攻。Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase.警察對此案開展了調查。Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiment.研究小組著手進行了一系列新的實驗。=4\*GB3④operatevi.1、運轉，起作用；2、動手術（on,upon）Theelevatoroperatessmoothly.電梯運行順利。Themedicinegraduallyoperated.藥物逐漸奏效了。Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient.醫生給病人的頸部動手術。vt.1、操作，操縱，經營；2、對。。。動手術Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines.這家航空公司經營五條主干線和十幾條支線。Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine?

你知道怎么開這臺機器嗎？Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck.醫生給病人的頸部動手術。Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer.他因肺癌動了手術。2、?？季湫?、天文學家和科學家認為黑洞是一種空間區，物質可以掉進黑洞但任何物質不能逃脫。P1Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.2、理論上是這樣的：當某些星體的密度增大到某一特定點時便發生爆炸。P2Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.3、有人認為圣誕星可能是一顆超新星。P2SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、假定一個人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快就能到達黑洞中心。P3Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、只是在近幾年天文學家才開始具體研究黑洞。P3Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.

6、另一方面，科學家們也在設想，由于有非常先進的技術，人們也許能在將來利用黑洞為人類服務。P5Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.3、習題Unit2練習：1.詞匯英譯漢：

escape,explode,collapse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,companion,

speculation,swallow,operate,tomakeuseof,agreatmany,aboveall

2.句子英譯漢：

1)~6)與?？季湫拖嗤?/p>

7)Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate.

8)Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.

3句子漢譯英

黑洞是什么，天文學家還沒有完全解決這個問題。

Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis.

據說黑洞可以將其周圍的一切物體，如星星吞食掉。

Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthem,suchasstars.

對黑洞的研究剛剛開始，各種各樣的假說層出不窮。

Theresearchofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless.

科學家仍不能說出黑洞內發生了什么。

Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideablackhole.

Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole.

如果我們認識了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。

Ifweunderstoodblackholes,theywouldnotbesofearful.

Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem.單元課后練習

Ⅰ.WordSpelling

1.密度n.density________

2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩潰v.collapse________

3.邊界線，邊界n.boundary________

4.永恒的，經久不變的a.c________

5.基礎，根據n.b________

6.發射，發動v.l________

7.雙胞胎之一a.t________

8.同伴，同事n.c________

9.人類n.m________

10.推測，猜測n.s________

11.吞v.s________

12.不充分的a.i________

13.物質n.m________

14.情況，環境a.c________

15.發生，出現v.o________

16.強烈的a.i________

17.證據n.e________

18.看不見的a.i________

19.宇航員n.a________

20.熱帶的a.t________

Ⅱ.WordForm

1.Supernovae____(report)byastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.

2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarble,butstill____(have)thesamemass,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.

3.Ifone____(make)ajourneyovertheContinentsonewouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainranges,plains,andemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow.

4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars____(believe)tobeblackholes.

5.Matterfromtheonewhichwecansee____(pull)towardsthecompanionstar.

6.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy____(swallow)upstarsataveryrapidrate.

7.Themost____(convince)evidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.

8.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesina____(total)differentwayfromourown.

9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas____(consist)largelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.

10.Ourworldisthehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent____(colour)skins.

Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure

1.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)____whichmatterhasfallenand____whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.

[A]intointo

[B]intofrom

[C]frominto

[D]fromfrom

2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense____ablackholeresults.

[A]whether

[B]what

[C]which

[D]that

3.Binarystars,____theirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.

[A]as

[B]that

[C]what

[D]if

4.Insomebinarysystems,astronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a'partner'to____whichwecanseeinthesky.

[A]theone

[B]that

[C]theones

[D]those

5.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldoneday____theenergyofblackholesformankind.

[A]makefunof

[B]makesureof

[C]makeuseof

[D]makesenseof

6.Astronomershaveevidenceofafewotherstarstoo,whichmighthaveblackholesas____.

[A]companies

[B]comparisons

[C]compounds

[D]companions

7.Theearthisoneofnineplanetswhichmovein____roundthesun.

[A]track

[B]orbit

[C]tour

[D]route

8.InAugust1977,asatellitewas____togatherdataabouttheblackholesintheMilkyway.

[A]posted

[B]delivered

[C]launched

[D]transmitted

9.Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonare____here.

[A]inadequate

[B]invisible

[C]intense

[D]individual

10.Weknownothingabouteventswhichhappenonceobjectspassthisboundary,But____,mattermustbehaveverydifferentlyinsidethehole.

[A]inaddition

[B]inperson

[C]indetail

[D]intheory

Ⅳ.C-ETranslation

1.這個收縮的過程如此強烈，以至于黑洞產生了。

2.直到最近天文學家們才開始研究黑洞。

3.但是從理論上說，物質在黑洞里的行為一定非常不同。

4.黑洞最強有力的證據來自對雙星系的研究。

5.有一天也許人類也會遭此命運。

單元自測答案Unit2

Ⅰ.WordSpelling

1.density2.collapse3.boundary

4.constant5.basis6.launch

7.panion9.mankind

10.speculation11.swallow12.inadequate

13.matter14.circumstance15.occur

16.intense17.evidence18.invisible

19.astronaut20.tropical

Ⅱ.WordForm

1.werereported2.having3.made

4.believed5.isbeingpulled6.swallowing

7.convincing8.totally9.consists

10.coloured

Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure

1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C

6.D7.B8.C9.A10.D

Ⅳ.C-ETranslation

1.Thisprocessofshrinkingissointensethatablackholeresults.

2.Itisonlyrecently/Itisnotuntilrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.

3.Butintheory,mattermustbehaveverydifferently/inaverydifferentmannerinsidetheblackhole.

4.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.

5.Mankindmayonedaymeetthisfate.4、歷年試題1.星體的密度增大到一定程度時就會發生爆炸。

答：Thestarwillexplodewhenitsdensityincreasestosomeextent.2.你能想象黑洞的引力有多大嗎？

答：Canyouimaginehowstrongthegravitationalpullofablackholeis

3.假如有人掉進黑洞，他會認為很快能到達黑洞的中心。

答：Ifamanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.4.早在17世紀天文學家便對超新星有過報道。

答：Supernovaewerereportedbyastronomersasearlyasintheseventeenthcentury.5.他已盡了全力以達到自己的目標。

答：Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.UNIT31、wordstudyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,openup=1\*GB3①requestn./vt.請求，要求request后面接for，表示要求的對象；“根據要求”為by(或on)request；“應。。。之要求”則為atsb’srequest。Hemadearequestforimmediatehelp.他要求立即給予幫助。Minibusesstopbyrequest.小公共汽車招手即停。Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyon(upon)request.說明將按要求立即寄出。Thesingergaveonemoresongatourrequest.歌唱家在我們的要求下又唱了一首歌。Yoursilenceisrequested.請勿說話。=2\*GB3②ensurevt.保證，擔保ensure后面接against或from，表示“保證。。。免于。。?！?；后面接to或for，則表示“保證。。。具有。。?！?。Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.我們可以保證把工作做好。Thepolicecanensurethewitnessagainst(或from)danger.警察能保證證人免受危險。Thismeasureensureto(或for)usavoiceinthematter.這項措施使我們在這件事上具有發言權。=3\*GB3③opposevt.1、反對，反抗；2、使相對，使對抗（to）Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.由于代價過于高昂，許多人都反對修一條新公路。Tothedifficultiessheopposedawillofiron.她用鋼鐵般的意志對待困難。Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts.他說的與事實完全相反。Wearefirmlyopposedtothisdirtypoliticaldeal.我們堅決反對這場骯臟的政治交易。=4\*GB3④burdenn.1、擔子，負擔；2、責任，義務Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildren.她一個人負起撫養兩個孩子的全部責任。Theburdenofrunningthefactoryistooheavyforhisfailinghealth.管理這家工廠的重擔對他日益惡化的健康來說是太重了。vt.使負重擔；麻煩，勞累Themotherwasburdenwithworries.媽媽憂心忡忡。Studentsareheavilyburdenedwithhomeassignments.學生家庭作業負擔過重。=5\*GB3⑤openup1、打開；2、開辦，開辟，開發；3、坦誠地或無拘無束地談話Theyopeneduphisstomachtogetatthesourceofthetrouble.他們給他的胃開了刀，以找出病根。Theyopenedupamineintheremoteareas.他們在那個偏遠地區開了礦。Theydecidedtoopenupabusinessinthetown.他們決定在城里開一家店。Thegirldecidedtoopenupandtelluseverything.這個女孩決定坦誠地告訴我們一切。2、?？季湫?、范萬德爾重病在身，再也不能說清楚話，他知道他沒有康復的希望，身體狀況正在急劇惡化。P2Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.2、在讓自己的醫生注射最后結束生命的那一針之前，范萬德爾生命中的最后三個月被拍攝了下來，去年在荷蘭電視上首次播出。P3VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.3、從那時開始，已有20多個國家買下了這個節目，每次播放都引起了對這一話題的全國性大辯論。P3Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4、那些反對安樂死的人實際在告訴我，臨終者沒有這個權利。P9Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.3、習題1.詞匯英譯漢

.weaken.deteriorate.debate.legal.request.criterion.ensure.opposetraditionconsiderationdisabled.burdenvulnerableprohibitionsensitive

詞組：.todebateon.tomakerequestforbeopposedto.totake…intoaccount

2.句子英譯漢（重點句）

Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.

VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.

Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.

Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.

Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.

Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.

3.句子漢譯英P.59

安樂死的確能解除臨終病人的痛苦。

Euthanasiacanreallyhelpridthedyingpatientsofextremesuffering.

Euthanasiadoesreleasethedyingpeoplefromtheirsuffering.

你知道不知道荷蘭是歐洲唯一允許安樂死的國家

DoyouknowthattheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropethatpermitseuthanasia

支持這一觀點的醫生并不意味著他們不關心病人。

Thosedoctorswhosupporttheideanevermeantheydon’tcareabout/forpatients.

在第一個醫生診斷疾病之后，必須由另外一名醫生確認病情。

Afterthefirstdoctorhasdiagnosedtheillness,aseconddoctormustconfirmthecase.

反對者認為病人并不一定真正希望結束生命，可能請求之后另有他求。

Opponentsthinkpatientsmaynotreallywanttoendtheirlives,andprobablythereisanotherrequestbehindtherequest.

4、歷年試題1.Thefilm______（show）CeesVanWendel’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.（99.10）

答案：showing.考點：showing是現在分詞作定語修飾thefilm.

2.EachtimetheprogrammerofVanWendal’slastdaysbeforeeuthanasiawasshowedonTV,itstartsanationwidedebate______thesubject.（99.10）

A.for

B.against

C.on

D.of

答案：C.考點：詞組debateon對…的爭論。

3.漢譯英：每次播放這個節目，都引起對此話題的全國性大辯論。（99.10）

答案：Eachtimeitisshown,thisprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.

4.漢譯英：據說那個病人曾要求醫生助他一死。（00.10）

答案：Thepatientissaidtohaveaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.

（或者：Itissaidthatthepatienthasaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.）

UNIT41、wordstudyexploit,campaign,execute,deserve,status,bringover=1\*GB3①exploitvt.1、開發，開采；2、利用；3、剝削Amineisexploitedforitsminertals.開發礦山是為了采礦。ThestudentexploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish.這個學生利用一切可能性學英語。Thecompanyexploiteditsworkerswithlonghoursandlowpay.該公司用長工時、低工資的方法來剝削工人。=2\*GB3②campaignn.1、戰役；2、運動，參選運動TheHuai-HaiCampaignwasessentialtothevictoryoftheWarofLiberation.淮海戰役對解放戰爭的勝利至關重要。Ourcountryislaunchingacampaignagainstwaste.我們國家正在開展反浪費運動。Hispresidentialcampaignsucceededandhewontheelection.總統競選運動取得成功，他當選了。vi.參加運動，參加競選活動Theywerecampaigningtokeepthelocalschoolopen.他們為使當地學校不致關閉而奔走活動。Thecandidatesforpresidentcampaignedbysendingoutletterstovotersandspeakingatpublicmeeting.總統候選人通過向選民發信和群眾集會上講演來競選。vt.使。。。參加運動；對。。。進行活動Joaniscampaigningthegovernmentforequalrightsforwomen.瓊對政府進行活動，要求給予婦女同等權利。=3\*GB3③executevt.1、實行，執行，完成，貫徹；2、將。。。處死Allorderswereimmediatelyexecuted.所有的命令都立即執行了。Yourorderwillbeexecutedasearlyaspossible.你的命令將盡早執行。Thepianistexecutedthepieceofmusicperfectly.這位鋼琴家把這首曲子演奏得完美極了。Thecriminalwasexecutedafterthetrial.審判后罪犯即被處死。=4\*GB3④deservevt.應受，值得（賓語可用名詞，動詞或動詞不定式）Hecertainlydeservespraise.他的確應受表揚。Ourbanddeservesrankingwiththebestinthiscountry.我們的樂隊在國內當之無愧屬于一流。Hedeservestobesenttoprison.他應該被送去坐牢。由deserve變成的形容詞deserving后邊用介詞of。Therobberisdeservingofcapitalpunishment.這個強盜應處極刑。Theoldmanwasreallydeservingofpity.那個老人家實在值得可憐。=5\*GB3⑤statusn.1、情形，狀況；2、地位，身份Weshouldbealwaysawareofthestatusofworldaffairs.我們應該時刻關注世界形勢。Nonewillquestionhisstatusasascholar.沒有人會懷疑他的學者身份。Weshouldraisethestatusofwomeninsociety.我們應該提高婦女的社會地位。=6\*GB3⑥bringover1、把。。。帶來；2、使轉變Nextsummerhehopestobringhisfamilyoverfromtheunitedstates.他希望明年夏天把家屬從美國帶來。Myfatherisalwaystryingtobringmeovertohiswayofthinking.我的父親總想使我接受他的思想方法。2、重點句型1、據估計，有20000多海外來的家庭傭人在英國工作。P1Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.Therebe表"存在"的句型。2、在這20000人中，將近2000人正受著她們的雇主的剝削和虐待。P1Ofthese20,000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.3、在今年早些時候的幾個廣為報道的事例中，全世界女傭的悲慘處境得到新聞媒體的很大關注。P3Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.4、一名菲律賓女傭因被指控犯有謀殺罪而在新加坡遭處決，盡管各地都抗議說她的犯罪事實不能充分確定。P3AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.她曾在斯里蘭卡一家茶廠掙一份十分微薄的工資。P5SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.6、因為她發現很難養活自己的4個孩子，所以接受了一件在倫敦當傭人的工作。P5Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.7、因此如果她們提出申訴，她們就有被驅逐出境的危險。Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.3、習題1.單詞英譯漢

domestic，statistic，diplomat，exploit，campaign，execute，convict，

despite，deserving，shelf，minimum，status，deport，

2.句子英譯漢

（1）Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.

（2）Ofthese20,000,justunder2,000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.

（3）Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.

（4）AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.

（5）SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.

（6）Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.

（7）Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.

（8）Thisincludedincreasingtheminimumageofemployeesto18,gettingemployeestoreadandunderstandanadviceleaflet,gettingemployerstoagreetoprovideadequatemaintenanceandconditions,andtoputinwritingthemaintermsandconditionsofthejob(ofwhichtheemployeesshouldseeacopy).

（9）Forthemainproblemfacingoverseasmaidsanddomesticswhotrytocomplainaboutcruellivingandworkingconditionsisthattheydonothaveindependentimmigrantstatusandsocannotchangeemployer.

（10）Itis,theysay,therighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.

3.句子漢譯英

（1）處理有關事務的政府部門沒有做統計。

Thegovernmentdepartmentthatdealswithrelevantaffairsdoesnotkeepstatistics.

（2）正因為她無法養家才同意做家仆。

Itwasbecauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfamilythatsheacceptedajobworkingasadomestic.

（3）她是一名沙特外交官直接從菲律賓雇到倫敦來工作的。

ShewashiredbyaSaudidiplomatdirectlyfromthePhilippinestoworkinLondon.

（4）家仆的工作狀況得到了新聞媒介的關注。

Theconditionsofworkingasdomesticshavereceivedmediaattention.

（5）雇主們總是威脅要把我們遣送回國。

Theemployersalwaysthreatenedtosendusbacktoourcountries.4、歷年試題1.Whentheygetoutofprison,they____(increase)theleveloftheircriminalbehavior.答案：willincrease.考點：時間狀語從句中主句用將來時，從句用一般現在時表示將來。從句謂語動詞是get一般現在時，所以從句用willincrease。2.Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasuretohelp____domesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers.A.protectB.suspectC.expectD.inspect答案是：A.考點是：protect…from保護…免受…

3.________theirdifferences,theyfellpassionatelyinlovewitheachother.A.AsforB.OwingtoC.DespiteD.Through答案：C.考點：despite表示讓步的關系。本句的意思是：盡管他們之間有分歧，但他們彼此深愛對方。Translation1.許多家庭傭人受到雇主的剝削和虐待。

答：Manydomesticservantsareexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.2.自去年以來，女傭們的悲慘境況已受到媒體密切關注。

答：Thebadconditionofthewomanservantshasreceivedmuchmediaattentionsincelastyear.3.他經常威脅我，說要將我遣送回國。

答：Healwaysthreatenedthathewouldsendmebacktomycountry.4.她曾在一家茶葉廠工作，工資很低。答：Sheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactory.5.據估計有兩萬多名外國家傭在英國工作。

答：Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.UNIT51、wordstudytransformation,originate,penetrating,takeover,takeon=1\*GB3①transformationn.1、變化，轉化；2、改造，改革Hisbrainoperationcausedagreattransformationinhischaracter.腦手術大大改變了他的性格。Thetransformationofabackwardcountryintoanadvancedcountryrequiresthepainstakingeffortsofseveralgenerations.將一個落后的國家改變為發達國家需要幾代人的艱苦努力。Thesocialandpoliticaltransformationofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety.一個國家的社會和政治改革對社會的發展非常重要。=2\*GB3②originatevi./vt.發源；發生，發起Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.所有的理論都來源于實踐，并反過來為實踐服務。Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.蒸汽的使用引起了許多其它的革新。=3\*GB3③penetratinga.1、穿透的，貫穿的；2、深刻的，透徹的Theywalkedagainstthepenetratingwind.他們迎著刺骨的寒風行走。Herpenetratingvoicefrightenedthelittleboy.她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩嚇壞了。Swift’sworksweremostpenetratingandpowerful.斯威夫特的作品極為深刻有力。=4\*GB3④takeover1、接管，接任；2、把。。。從一處運到另一處Theyoungdoctorhastakenoverdutiesoftheold.年輕醫生已接替了老醫生的工作。WhenMr.Greenretired,hissontookoverthebusinessfromhim.格林先生退休后，由他兒子接管他的生意。Mr.Browntookmeovertotheislandinhissteamboat.布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到該島。=5\*GB3⑤takeon1、具有，擔任（工作等）；2、雇傭Thediseasetookonsomespecialcharacteristics.那種疾病具有一些特殊的特征。Hehastakenonanewjob.他已承擔了一項新工作。Theemployertakesontwentymoreworkers.那位雇主又雇傭了20名工人。2、重點句型1、新音樂是從已有的音樂中產生的。P1Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.2、民間音樂，既有古老又有現代的，在大學生中頗為流行。P1Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3、他們自由地吸收爵士樂、美國鄉村音樂的成分。P2Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4、在家里欣賞唱片的時候，聽眾盡力模仿照明效果。P4Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.3、習題（一）單詞、詞組英譯漢

musicianrhythmicdistinctconsciousnessoriginatereadilyinstrumentelectronictherebypassiveparticipant

totakeplacetotakeovertotakeoninasense

atastretchtoserveasinadvanceforthesakeof

（二）英譯漢

1.Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.

2.Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.

3.Theyfreelytookoverelementsformjazz