生態(tài)學(xué)詞匯總結(jié)bsolutereproductivevalue絕對生殖值abundance多度abyssalzone深海帶acclimation馴化accumulationhorizon淀積層aestivation夏眠agestructure年齡結(jié)構(gòu)age-specificlifetable特定年齡生命表agroecosystem農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)alleles等位基因allelochemic異種信息素/種間外激素Allen’srule阿倫法則allogenicsuccession異發(fā)演替allopatricspeciation異域性物種altruism利他行為asexualreproduction無性生殖associationgroup群叢組associationtable群叢表associationunittheory群叢單位理論association群叢associations群叢Autecology個體生態(tài)學(xué)autogenicsuccession自發(fā)演替autotrophs自養(yǎng)生物Acidprecipitation酸沉降A(chǔ)cidrain酸雨Agriculturaleco-engineering農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)工程Agriculturalecology,agroecology農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)Agriculturaleconomicalzoning農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟區(qū)位Agriculturalresources農(nóng)業(yè)資源Agroecosystem農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Agroforestry農(nóng)林業(yè)系統(tǒng)Allee’sprinciple阿利氏群聚原則Allelochemicals化感物質(zhì)Allelopathy化感作用Artificialauxiliaryenergy人工輔助能Artificialdirectregulation人工直接調(diào)控Artificialinformationflow人工信息流Auxiliaryenergy輔助能balancingselectionhypothesize平衡說basalarea底面積Bergman’srule貝格曼規(guī)律bethalzone半深海帶biocoenosis生物群落bioconcentration生物濃縮biologicalenrichment生物富集biomagnification生物放大biomass生物量biome生物帶bionomicstrategy生態(tài)對策biosphere生物圈Biodynamicagriculture生物動力農(nóng)業(yè)Biogecochemicalcycle生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)Biologicalagriculture生物農(nóng)業(yè)Biologicalcontrol生物防治Biologicalenergysubsidies生物輔助能Biologicaloxygendemand(BOD)生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）Biomass生物量Bionomicstrategies生態(tài)對策Biologicalmicro-cycle生物小循環(huán)bottleneck瓶頸C3plantC3植物C4plantC4植物CAMplantCAM植物Capitalflow資金流Carryingcapacity環(huán)境容納量Chemicalecology化學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)Chemicaloxygendemand(COD)化學(xué)耗氧量ChineseEcologicalAgriculture中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)Climax頂極群落Coase’stheory高斯理論Coevolution協(xié)同進化Commensalisms偏利作用Community群落Competition競爭Competitionexclusionprinciple競爭排斥原理Componentsstructure組分結(jié)構(gòu)Controlledavailabilityfertilizers,CAFs控效肥料Cropproductivitypotential作物生產(chǎn)潛力cannibalism同種相食carnivores食肉動物carringcapacity負(fù)荷量catastrophic災(zāi)難性因素chamaephytes(Ch)地上芽植物characterdisplacement特征替代cheliophytes陰性植物climateclimax氣候頂級climateschool氣候?qū)W派climaxcommunity頂級群落climax頂級群落cline漸變?nèi)篶losedcommunity封閉群落clumped集群分布coadaptedsystem協(xié)同適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)coarsegrained粗粒性分布co-dynamics相互動態(tài)co-evolution協(xié)同進化cohort同生群colddesert冷荒漠colonization定居,建群coloration色澤communitiesinlittoralzone沿岸生物群落communitiesinthelimneticzone湖沼帶生物群落communitiesintheprofundalzone深水帶生物群落Communityecology群落生態(tài)學(xué)communitymatrix群落矩陣communityorganization群落組織community群落companionspecies伴生種compen-satorypredation補償性捕食competitioncoefficient競爭系數(shù)competitionhypothesis競爭假說competitiveexclusion競爭排除competivelottery抽彩式競爭conservation保守主義者conspicuousness顯著度constancy恒有度contestcompetition干擾競爭contesttypeofcompetition爭奪型競爭continentalrise大陸隆continentalshelf大陸架continentalslope大陸坡convergentadaptation趨同適應(yīng)convergentoscillation趨同波動costofgenerecombination基因重組價costofmating交配價costofmeiosis減數(shù)分裂價courtshipbehavior求偶行為coverage蓋度crudedensity原始密度cryptophytes(Cr)隱芽植物Decomposer分解者Desertification土地沙漠化Detritusfoodchain腐食食物鏈decomposition分解作用delayeddensitydependence延后密度制約densityeffect密度效應(yīng)densityratio密度比density-dependent密度制約density-independent非密度制約deterministicmodel決定模型detrialfoodchain碎食物鏈detritusfeeder食碎生物development發(fā)育diagrammaticlifetable圖解式生命表diapause滯育differentialspecies區(qū)別種diffusecompetition分散競爭diominant-submissive支配—從屬directionalselection定向選擇discretegeneration離散世代disruptiveselection分裂選擇disturbanceclimax/disclimax偏途頂級divergentoscillation趨異波動dominance優(yōu)勢度dominantspecies建群種dominantspecies優(yōu)勢種dominant-submissive支配—從屬關(guān)系drydesert干荒漠dynamicclassification動態(tài)分類系統(tǒng)dynamiclifetable動態(tài)生命表dynamic-compositelifetable動態(tài)混合生命表earthnucleus地幔earth’scrust地核Ecologicalamplitude生態(tài)幅ecologicaldensity生態(tài)密度ecologicaldominance生態(tài)優(yōu)勢ecologicalenvironment生態(tài)環(huán)境ecologicalequivalent生態(tài)等值種ecologicalfactor生態(tài)因子ecologicalforce生態(tài)力ecologicalinvasion生態(tài)入侵ecologicalnatality生態(tài)出生率ecologicalrelease生態(tài)釋放Ecology生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystemdevelopment生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育Ecosystemecology生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)學(xué)ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecotonehypothesis生態(tài)交錯帶假說ecotype生態(tài)型ectotherm外溫動物edgeeffect邊緣效應(yīng)eitolationphenomenon黃化現(xiàn)象emergy能值emigration遷出endogenousmigration內(nèi)因性遷移endotherm內(nèi)溫動物environmenthormone環(huán)境激素environment環(huán)境equilibriumtheory平衡理論euphoticzone透光帶euryecious廣棲的euryhaline廣鹽性的euryhydric廣水性的euryphagic廣食性的eurythermal廣溫性的eurytopicspecies廣適種eutrophication富營養(yǎng)化evergreenhardwoodforest常綠硬材林Evolutionecology進化生態(tài)學(xué)evolutionforce進化力exogenousmigration外因性遷移exploitivecompetition利用競爭exponetialgrowth指數(shù)增長Eco-economicalzoning生態(tài)經(jīng)濟區(qū)位Ecologicalagriculture生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)Ecologicalagriculturemodel(pattern)生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)模式Ecologicaldensity生態(tài)密度Ecologicaleffect生態(tài)效益Ecologicalefficiency生態(tài)效率Ecologicalfactor生態(tài)因子Ecologicalengineering生態(tài)工程Ecologicalpyramid生態(tài)金字塔（生態(tài)錐體）Ecologicalsuccession演替Ecologicalsustainability生態(tài)持續(xù)性Ecology生態(tài)學(xué)Economiceffect經(jīng)濟效益Economicexternality經(jīng)濟外部性Ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Ecotone群落交錯區(qū)（生態(tài)交錯區(qū)）Ecotope景觀元素（生態(tài)點）Ecotype生態(tài)型Edgeeffect邊緣效應(yīng)Embodiedenergy內(nèi)含能Emergentpropertyofsystem系統(tǒng)的整合特性Energy能值Energyanalysis能流分析Energyflowchart能流圖Energyflowpath能流路徑Energyflowstructure能流結(jié)構(gòu)Energyflowing能量流Entropy熵Eutrophication富營養(yǎng)化Exponentialgrowthform種群指數(shù)增長模式Externalbenefit收益外泄Externalcost成本外攤Feedback反饋作用Firstlawofthermodynamics熱力學(xué)第一定律Fishpond-dikesystem基塘系統(tǒng)Flow流Foodchain食物鏈Foodchainstructure食物鏈結(jié)構(gòu)Foodweb食物網(wǎng)Freeenergy自由能Firstlawofresourceseconomic資源經(jīng)濟學(xué)第一定律Functionalcomponentadundence功能組分冗余facultativeparthenogenesis孤雌生殖facultativeparthenogenesis兼性孤雌生殖facultative兼性因素familyselection家庭選擇farmlandecosystem農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)fecundityschedule生育力表fecundity生育力feedback反饋feedingniches取食生態(tài)位filterfood濾食性生物finegrained細(xì)粒性分布finiterateofincrease周限增長率fitness合適度floristic-structuralclassification植物區(qū)系—結(jié)構(gòu)分類系統(tǒng)fluctuation波動foodchain食物鏈formationgroup群系組formation群系formation植物群系foundationalniche基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)龕freshwaterecology淡水生態(tài)學(xué)freshwaterecosystem淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)functionresponse功能反應(yīng)gameteselection配子選擇gaps缺口gaseouscycle氣體循環(huán)gengpool基因庫geographicvariation地理變異geographicaltheoryofspeciation物種形成geometricgrowth幾何級數(shù)增長geophytes(G)地下芽植物globalecology全球生態(tài)gradienthypothesis梯度假說grain粒性grazer牧食生物grazingfoodchain捕食食物鏈greenhouseeffect溫室效應(yīng)gregarizationpheromone聚集信息素grossprimaryproduction總初級生產(chǎn)力groupselection群體選擇groupselection群體選擇groupselection群選擇growthform生長型guild同資源團habalzone深淵帶habitat生境heath石楠群叢height高度hemicryptophytes(He)地面芽植物herbivore植食herbivores植食動物heterotrophicsuccession異養(yǎng)演替heterotrophs異養(yǎng)生物hibernation冬眠h(yuǎn)omeostasis內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)homeostasis自調(diào)節(jié)穩(wěn)態(tài)homeostaticorganism內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)生物homeostaticprocess內(nèi)穩(wěn)定過程humandemography人口統(tǒng)計學(xué)Humanecology人類生態(tài)學(xué)humus腐殖質(zhì)hydrarchsuccession水生演替hydrosere水生演替系列immigration遷入importancevalue重要值individualconverserate個體轉(zhuǎn)化率industrialmelanism工業(yè)黑化現(xiàn)象innercapacityincrease內(nèi)稟增長力inner-environment內(nèi)環(huán)境instantaneousrateofincrease瞬間增長率intensity強度interferencecompetition干擾競爭interferencecompetition干擾競爭intermediatedisturbancehypothesis中度干擾假說internaldistributionpattern內(nèi)分布型interspecficrelationship種間關(guān)系intertidalzone潮間帶intraspecificrelationship種內(nèi)關(guān)系inverselydensitydependent反密度制約Islandecology島嶼生態(tài)學(xué)iteroparity多次繁殖生物iteroparous多次生殖Jordan’srule約丹定律keystonespecies關(guān)鍵種kinselection親屬選擇kinselection親屬選擇k-strategistsk-策略者landcover土地覆蓋landuse土地利用Landscapeecology景觀生態(tài)學(xué)lawofconstantfinalyield最后產(chǎn)量衡值法則lawoftheminimum最小因子法則lawoftolerance耐受性法則layer層leachedlayer淋溶層leafareaindex葉面積指數(shù)leafareaindex（LAS）葉面積指數(shù)lenticecosystem靜水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)lifecycle生活周期lifeexpectancy生命期望lifeformspectrum生活型譜lifeform生活型lifehistorystrategy生活史對策lifehistory生活史lifespan生活年限lifetime壽命limitoftolerance忍受性限度littoralzone沿岸帶loticecosystem流水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)macroclimate大氣候macrofauna大型生物Marineecology海洋生態(tài)學(xué)marineecosystem海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)maximumnatality最大出生率maximumsustainedyield最大持續(xù)生產(chǎn)量megafauna巨型生物mexofauna中型生物microclimate小氣候microcolony微菌落microcommunities小群落micro-ecosystem微生態(tài)系統(tǒng)micro-environment微環(huán)境microfauna小型生物microplankton小型浮游生物migration遷徙migration遷移modularorganism構(gòu)件生物modules構(gòu)件Molecularecology分子生態(tài)學(xué)monoclimaxtheory單元演替頂級monocultute單種養(yǎng)殖monogamy單配偶制monpohagous單食性monsoonforest季風(fēng)林mortalitycurve死亡曲線mortality死亡率mosaic鑲嵌性natality出生率n-dimensionalnichen維生態(tài)龕negativefeedback負(fù)反饋netprimaryproduction(GP)凈初級生產(chǎn)力neutralitycontroversy中性說論戰(zhàn)nichecompression生態(tài)位壓縮nicheseparation生態(tài)位分離nicheshift生態(tài)位分離niche生態(tài)位non-equilibriumtheory非平衡理論non-homeostaticorganism非內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)生物obioticcomponent非生物成分ocean-current洋流ohortlifetable同群生命表omnivores雜食動物opencommunity開放群落openshrublands稀疏灌叢opportunist機會主義者ordination排序ornamentation修飾panclimax泛頂級pantropical泛熱帶區(qū)parabiosphere副生物圈parasites寄生生物parasitoidism擬寄生parentmaterial母質(zhì)層parentalcare親代關(guān)懷parentalinvestment親本投資patchiness斑塊性percapitagrowthrate每員增長率perclimax前頂級peritrophicmycorrhizae周邊營養(yǎng)性菌根phanerophytes(Ph)高位芽植物phenotype表現(xiàn)型photoperiodism光周期現(xiàn)象phyplankton浮游植物physiognomy外貌Physiologicalecology生理生態(tài)學(xué)physiologicalnatality生理出生率phytochrom色素pioneercommunity先鋒群落pjarapatricspeciation鄰域性物種plankon浮游生物Poissiondistribution泊松分布polyandry一雌多雄制polyclimaxtheory多元頂級理論polygamy多配偶制polygyny一雄多雌制polymorphism多型現(xiàn)象polyphagous多食性的Populationecology種群生態(tài)學(xué)population種群porosity粒間空隙positivefeedback正反饋postclimax超頂級predation捕食者predator捕食者presentreproductivevalue當(dāng)年繁殖價值prevailclimax優(yōu)勢頂級prey獵物prezygoticmechanism合子前隔離primaryproduction初級生產(chǎn)primarysuccession初級演替primarysuccession原生演替principleofallocation分配原理principleofcompetitiveexclusion競爭互斥原理productionrate生產(chǎn)率production生產(chǎn)量productivity生產(chǎn)力progressivesuccession進展演替protogynoushermaphriodism雌雄同體pyramidofenergy能量金字塔radiationadaptation趨異適應(yīng)random隨機分布rarespecies偶見種reactiontimelag反應(yīng)滯時reactivespecies反映性物種realizednatality實際出生率realizednick實際生態(tài)龕regressivesuccession逆行演替relativefrequency相對頻度relativereproductivevalue相對生殖值reproductioneffect生殖成效reproductivecost繁殖成本reproductivepattern生殖格局reproductivetimelag生殖滯時reproductivevalue生殖值residualreproductivevalue剩余繁殖價值resilientstability恢復(fù)穩(wěn)定性resistantstability抵抗穩(wěn)定性Restorationecology恢復(fù)生態(tài)學(xué)richness豐度r-kcontinuumofstrategiesr-k策略連續(xù)系統(tǒng)r-strategistsr-策略者saprovores食腐者savannawoodland熱帶稀樹草原林地scavenger食腐者sciophytes陽性植物scramblecompetition利用競爭scrambletypeofcompetition分?jǐn)傂透偁巗econdarymetabolites次生代謝物質(zhì)secondaryproduction次級生產(chǎn)力secondarysuccession次生演替secondary次級演替sedimentarycycle沉積循環(huán)selectivefertilization選擇受精self-destructive自我破壞semelparity一次繁殖生物semelparous一次生殖sexratio性比sexualdimorphism雌雄二形現(xiàn)象sexualreproduction有性生殖sexualselection性選擇sexualselection性選擇shadeplants耐陰性植物Shannon-Weinerindex香農(nóng)—威納指數(shù)sieveselectionhypothesis篩選說similarity相似度Simpson’sdiversityindex辛普森多樣性指數(shù)socialgroup社群socialhierarchy社會等級social-economic-naturalcomplexecosystem社會--經(jīng)濟--自然復(fù)合系統(tǒng)solaremergy太陽能值solaremjoules太陽能焦耳solartransformity太陽能值轉(zhuǎn)換率spatialpattern空間格局specialheterogeneity空間異質(zhì)性speciation物種形成speciesareacurve物種面積曲線speciesdiversity物種多樣性speciesevennessorequitability種的均勻度speciesheterogeneity種的不齊性speciesturnoverrate種的周轉(zhuǎn)率spore