表語從句詳解表語從句詳解表語從句詳解資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月表語從句詳解版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發布日期：表語從句詳解一、概念表語從句是在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句.放在系動詞之后,一般結構是主語+系動詞+表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等.可以接表語從句的系動詞有：

（being,been,am,is,are,was,were)

2.

feel

,

seem

,

look,

appear

,sound,

taste

,

smell

3.

stand

,

lie

,

remain

,keep,

stay

4.

become

,get

,

grow

,

turn

,go

,come,

run,

fall

5.

prove,

turn

outThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困難是我們資金短缺.ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.這就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因.Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.當時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當的字眼來.引導表語從句的詞：從屬連詞that、whether、asthough、asif（That引導表語從句時，在口語中，間或可以省略.）關系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；關系副詞when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.由從屬連詞that，whether引導的表語從句.that在引導表語從句時無詞義，而whether有詞義，意為、是否.這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question(問題)，trouble(麻煩)，problem(問題)，result(結果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建議)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等.表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋，使主語的內容具體化.例如：Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻煩的事是他丟了錢.Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋.Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了.Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學生對他的課不感興趣.由關系代詞引導的表語從句.關系代詞who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引導表語從句，在句中作主語、賓語、表語，關系代詞不能省略.例如：Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.問題是我們哪一個應該去.Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.問題是誰能做這項工作.That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在擔心的事.That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我們應該做的.由關系副詞引導的表語從句.關系副詞when,where,how,why除在句子起連接作用外，在從句中還充當時間，地點，方式或原因狀語，本身具有詞義.例如：Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿來.就在你原來放的地方.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我們既沒傘也沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因.Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的.Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所擔心的.由連詞because，asif/asthough等引導的表語從句.Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起來好像要下雪了.That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.這是因為我們從未想過此事.Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.注意A.表語從句一定要用陳述語序.False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel. Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B.不可以用if，而用whether連接表語從句(asif例外）.引導賓語從句時可以互換if/whether位于介詞后要用whether位于句首時要用whether.引導表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時要用whether.False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.C.不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復合句中，主句時態和從句時態可以不一致.Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.D.that在表語從句中不可以省掉.基本用法表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動詞只能是聯系動詞.名詞性從句在be等系動詞后作表語時被稱為表語從句例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.問題是我們怎樣能弄到我們需要的東西.(how在表語從句中充當方式狀語)ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.這把剪刀不是我所需要的.(what在表語從句中充當賓語)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本.(what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分，不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要對你講的.(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考試不及格的原因.(why在表語從句中充當原因狀語)What

I

told

him

was

that

I

would

find

him

a

good

play.

我告訴他的是我會給他找個好劇本.(what在主語從句中作直接賓語,that作為表語從句的引導詞在該表語從句中不充當句子成分,不能省略)

That

is

what

I

want

to

tell

you.那就是我想要對你講的.(what在表語從句中充當直接賓語)

That

is

why

she

failed

to

pass

the

exam.

那就是她考試不及格的原因.(why

在表語從句中充當原因狀語)

注意

That

is

why...是常用句型,意為這就是??的原因/因此??,其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中作表語,該句型通常用于針對前面已經說明過的原因進行總結,又如：

That

is

why

you

see

this

old

woman

before

you

know,

Jeanne.

珍妮,這就是現在這個老太婆出現在你面前的原因.(前文提到Jeanne對老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異,說話人對她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進行概括).That

is

why

I

came.

這就是我來的原因.

下面是兩個與That

is

why...形式相似的結構,它們與That

is

why...結構之間的關系要能夠辨析清楚：

(1)That

is

why...與That

is

the

reason

why...同義,只不過從語法結構上講,That

is

the

reason

why...中why引導的是—個定語從句,將其中的the

reason去掉則與That

is

why...結構一樣,例如：

That

is

(the

reason)

why

I

cannot

agree.

這就是我不能同意的理由.

(2)That

is

because...句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此作表語,這也是個常用句型,意為這就是為什么??/因為??.That

is

because...與That

is

why...之間的不同在于That

is

because...指原因或理由,That

is

why...則指由于各種原因所造成的后果,例如：

He

did

not

see

the

film

last

night.

That

is

because

he

had

to

help

his

little

sister

with

her

homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影,那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業.(第一句話說明結果,第二句話說明原因)

He

had

seen

the

film

before.

That

is

why

he

did

not

see

it

last

night.他以前曾看過那部電影,因此他昨天晚上沒有去看.(第一句話說明原因,第二句話說明結果)表語從句與賓語從句的關系

賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同.故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句，充當表語的句子叫表語從句.

賓語從句

(1)對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點

①語序:

從句的語序必須是陳述句語序,

即主語

+

謂語這種形式.

②時態:

當主句是一般現在時或一般將來時的時候,

從句可以是任何時態,

而當主句是一般過去時的時候,

從句,

從句時態必須是過去時范圍的時態,

即(一般過去時,

過去進行時,

過去完成時,

過去將來時).

③連接詞:

當從句意思完整,

主句意思肯定時,

連接詞用that,

且可以省去,

當從句意思完整,

主句意思不確定或含否定含意時,

常用if或whether(是否),

當從句意思不完整時,

連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞.

表語從句

在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句，位于主句系動詞的后面.表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同.也是名詞性從句的一種.

如：

What

the

police

want

to

know

is

when

you

entered

red

the

room警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間.

The

trouble

is

that

we

are

short

of

funds困難是我們缺乏資金.

This

is

what

we

should

do這是我們應當做的.

注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序，即陳述語序.

as

if,

as

though,

because也可用來引導表語從句.

She

seems

as

if

she

had

done

a

great

thing她看起來好像做了一件大事.It

is

because

you

eat

too

much是因為你吃得太多了.單項選擇1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—HewasbornThatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.howis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why13．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare14.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat15.Americawas__________wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere16.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe17.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what18.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoffA.whyB.whatC.whenD.where20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show21.SeetheflagsontopofthebuildingThatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what22.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited23.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich句子翻譯1.這就是我想做的

___________________________________________________________________________________2.這房子正是他最需要的東西.

_________________________________________________________________________3.這就是Henry

怎樣解決問題的

________________________________________________________________________4.問題是誰能完成這項困難的任務

_______________________________________________________________________5.今天討論的話題是未來的學校會是怎樣的

________________________________________________________________6.他遲到的原因是交通擁堵.

_____________________________________________________________________________7.事實是他對我撒謊了.__________________________________________________________________________________8.

You

are

saying

that

everyone

should

be

equal,

and

this

is

_____________________________________________

.

(disagree)

你一直說每個人應該是平等的這就是我不同意之處.

coat

is

still

_______________________________________________

.

(where)

你的外套仍然在你放的地方.

had

neither

a

raincoat

nor

an

umbrella.

That

is

_________________________________________

through.

(get)

我既沒有雨衣也沒有雨傘.這就是為什么我全身被淋濕的原因.

11.

It

sounds

____________________________________________________

the

door.(as

if)

聽起來好像某人正在敲門.

12.

It

seems

______________________________

interested

in

Henry.

(become)

好像倫敦所有人都變得對亨瑞感興趣.

last

time

we

had

great

fun

was

_____________________________________________________

the

Water

Park.(visit)

上一次我們玩得很開心的時候是我們正在參觀水族公園的時候.

that/what的區別

1．_______your

father

wants

to

know

is________

getting

on

with

your

studies.

A.

What;

how

are

you

B.

That；how

you

are

C.

How；that

you

are

D.

What；how

you

are

2.

The

trouble

is__________we

are

short

of

tools.

A.

what

B.

that

C.

how

D.

why

that

3.

America

was

__________was

first

called

India

by

Columbus.

A.

what

B.

where

C.

the

place

D.

there

where

4.

China

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.

It

is

no

longer_________

.

A.

what

it

used

to

be

B.

what

it

was

used

to

being

C.

what

it

used

to

being

D.

what

it

was

used

to

be

5.

________he

really

means

is

________he

disagrees

with

us.

A.

What

…

that

B.

That

…

what

C.

What

…

what

D.

That

…

what

6.

The

energy

is

________

makes

the

cells

able

to

do

their

work.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

what

D.

such

系動詞分類：

一、根據系動詞后所跟結構，我們可以把英語系動詞分為兩大類：完全系動詞（其后只能跟表語的動詞，如be,

seem）和半系動詞（其后既可跟表語作系動詞用法，也可跟賓語或狀語作實義動詞用，如look）

例如：1）

He

looked

sadly

at

the

boy.(看著，實義動詞用法)

He

looks

a

clever

boy

.（看起來，系動詞用法）

2）

He

looks

at

a

clever

boy.（看著，實義動詞用法）

在英語中，某一動詞是多義詞，既有實義動詞用法，又有系動詞用法.

二、根據系動詞的意義，我們把英語系動詞分為四類：

A．五大感官系動詞

B．狀態系動詞C．動態系動詞

D．雙謂語系動詞

A．五大感官系動詞，描述一種感官性質.由實義感官動詞變化而來，都是半系動詞.

1．look看起來像是，后接adj.、n.、分詞、介詞短語、不定式等.

The

girl

bit

her

lips

and

looked

thoughtful.這位女孩咬著嘴唇，看上去若有所思.

2．smell聞起來，后接adj.分詞.

The

flowers

smell

sweet.

這些花氣味真香.

3．sound聽起來，后接adj.\分詞.

The

music

sounds

sweet.這首詩聽起來真悅耳.

4．taste嘗起來，后接adj.\分詞.The

apples

taste

very

good.

這些蘋果很好吃.

5．Feel

①摸起來，給……感覺；②覺得，后接adj./.

You

will

feel

better

after

a

night’s

sleep.

睡上一晚，你會覺得好些.

B．狀態系動詞：

1．be，是，屬完全系動詞.

I

am

a

student.

我是一個學生.

2．seem,似乎，好像，完全系動詞.

They

seem

quite

happy.

他們似乎很快樂.

3．appear,顯得，看起來好像，半系動詞.

It

appeared(to

be)a

true

story.看來這是一個真實的故事.

4．keep,

保持……的狀態，半系動詞，后接adj或介詞短語.

You’d

better

go

to

bed

and

keep

warm.

你最好躺在床上去暖和一下.

5．remain,仍是，半系動詞.

I

remained

silent.

我仍然緘默.

6．stay保持（某種狀態），半系動詞，后接adj.、過去分詞.

The

window

stayed

open

all

the

night.

證明是，半系動詞，后接adj.\n.

The

treatment

proved

to

be

successful.

這種療法證明是成功的.

C．動態系動詞：都屬于半系動詞，描述狀態變化過程.

1．get變成，變得……起來，后可接形容詞、分詞、介詞短語.

The

days

are

getting

longer

and

longer.

白天變得越來越長了.

2．fall進入（某種狀態），成為，后常接以下形容詞：

asleep,

lame,

silent,

ill,

sick,

flat.

The

old

men,

unable

to

express

himself,

fell

silent.

那位老人說不清自己的意思，就不做聲了.

My

father

fell

ill

and

died.

我的父親生病死了.

3．grow漸漸變得……起來，長得

It’s

growing

warm.

天氣漸漸暖和起來了.

4．turn轉變成（新的與原來完全不同的色彩或性質），變質（色）.Maple

trees

turn

red

in

autumn.

楓葉在秋天變紅了.

It

was

cloudy

this

morning,

but

fortunately

it

has

turned

fine.

今天早上是陰天，幸好已經轉晴了.

5．go，變成（某種壞的狀態）

The

telephone

has

gone

dead.

電話不通了.

The

material

has

gone

a

funny

colour.

這料子的顏色變得奇怪了.

go之后常接的adj.

還有：bad,

blind,

wild,

wrong,

sour,

hard,

hungry,

mad,

red,

with,

anger,

white,

pale,

blue,

grey.

6．become變成，成為（好壞均可的情況）

I

became

interested

in

drawing.

我開始對素描感興趣了.

He

became

angry

with

me.

他對我生氣了.

They

became

good

friends.

他們成了好朋友.

7．come，變成為（已知的狀態），證實為，后常接形容詞或前綴un-的過去分詞作表語，表示狀態或情況的變化.

His

wish

to

become

a

pilot

has

come

true.

他想當飛行員的愿望實現了.

If

you

look

into

the

matter,

everything

will

come

clear.

如果你調查一下這事，一切都會清楚.

后面常接的形容詞還有：apart,

dear（昂貴），natural,

open,

short,

right（好了），unstuck（沒有粘住），untied（松開）.

8．run,變成，后接adj.

The

price

ran

high.

價格上升了.

9．make，達到某種狀態[后接形容詞]，如sure,

certain,

merry,

bold,

free

We

must

make

certain

of

facts.我們一定要弄清事實.

D．雙謂語系動詞

此類系動詞既有系動詞的功能，后接表語，又保留原實義動詞本身的含義.

例如：The

run

rose

red.太陽升起紅艷艷.

She

stopped

and

stood

quite

still.她停下來然后一絲不動地站著.

The

snow

lay

thick

on

the

ground.

雪厚厚地堆積在地上.He

married

young.

他結婚很早.

Lei

Feng

died

young.雷鋒早逝.

He

continued

silent.他繼續沉默不語.

系動詞單項選擇題

①The

story

sounds_________________(MET

89)

A.

to

be

true

B.

as

true

C.

being

true

D.

true

②Those

oranges

taste__________(MET

91)

A.

good

B.

well

C.

to

be

good

D.

to

be

well

③---Are

you

feeling________

---Yes,

I’m

fine

now/(NMET92)

A.

any

well

B.

any

better

C.

quite

good

D.

quite

better

④----Can

I

join

the

club,

Dad.

----You

can

when

you

_________a

bit

older.(NMET

94)

A.

get

B.

will

get

C.

get

D.

will

have

got

⑤---Do

you

like

the

material

----Yes,

it

_______very

soft.(NMET

94)

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

⑥I

love

to

go

to

the

seaside

on

Summer.

It_____

good

to

lie

in

the

sun

or

swim

in

the

cool

sea.(NMET

96)

A.

does

B.

feels

C.

gets

D.

makes

⑦Cleaning

women

in

big

cities

usually

get

_______by

the

hour.(NMET

98)

A.

pay

B.

paying

C.

paid

D.

to

pay

⑧Why

don’t

you

put

the

meat

in

the

fridge

It

will

_____

for

several

days.(NMET2003）

A.

be

stayed

B.

stay

C.

be

staying

D.

have

stayed

系動詞鞏固練習

①What

you

have

said_______.

A．is

sounded

interesting

B

sounds

interesting

C．sound

interested

D．listens

interested

②The

class

begins.

Please

keep________.

A．silent

B．silence

C．the

s