書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)商學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Alwayssincethecreationofcelluloid,plasticshavebeenfoundtohaveamultitudeofindustrialandcommercialuses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Always

B.plastics

C.tohave

D.amultitudeof

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)題意，A選項(xiàng)句首應(yīng)該為eversince“自從”，句意：自從發(fā)明了電影膠片，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)塑料有很多商業(yè)和工業(yè)的用途。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

SincetheemergenceofWesterncapitalisminthe18thcentury,freemarketcapitalismhasbeenthereigningmodeintheworld’seconomy.Basedonmassproduction,externalmarkets,andregulationbysupplyanddemand,thissystempromoteseconomicgrowthand,intheory,wealthforallintheformofmaterialgoods.Proponentsofcapitalismbelievethatthesystembringsthegreatesthappinesstothegreatestnumberofpeople.Detractorsclaimthatcapitalismcreatesunnecessarygrowthattheexpenseofsocialinequalityandenvironmentaldegradation.

Withthepatentingofthesteamenginein1769,massproductionbecamemoreefficient,andlargefactorytownsproliferated,firstinEnglandandtheninEuropeandAmerica.Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.ThehugeprofitsofprivateindustryfueledthenationaleconomiesofEuropeancountries,andlaidthefoundationsofinternationaltrade.Thevirtuesofeconomicgrowthseemedunassailableatthetime;profitsfromsalesenrichedthefactoryinterestontheflowoftradecurrencybroughtprofittocapitalinvestors,andtheincreaseinfactory-producedconsumergoodsappearedasthoughitwouldleadtowell-beingfortherestofsociety.TheScottishsocialphilosopherproto-economistAdamSmith,writingin1776,expressedthis18th-centuryoptimisminhisWealthofNations,sayingthatan“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy(onewithnogovernmentinterference),preservingchecksandbalancesinthesystemandofferingthefairestcompensationtotheworker,guaranteeingahappyandprosperoussociety.

Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,thedesirabilityofuncheckedeconomicgrowthwasbeginningtocomeintoquestion.Whileprovidingforthegrowthofgovernmentandindustry,thecapitalistsystemseemedtohavebroughtfewrealbenefitstotheworkingclasses,andtohavecreatedmoreproblemsthanithadsolved.CitiesinEuropeandnowAmericaboreanewandquiteuglyfeature:theslumsoftheurbanworkerswhoselaborwasessentialtothemachineryofcapitalism,butwhoserewardwasinadequatetoprovideadecentstandardofliving.Theseghettoeswerecentersofovercrowding,poverty,hungeranddesperation.Increasedfoodproductionbroughtacorrespondingriseinpopulation;GreatBritaingrewfromninemillionin1780to21millionin1850;thepopulationofEuropenearlydoubledinthesametimeframe,jumpingfrom140millionin1750to266millionin1850.Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.Theappallingworkandlivingconditionsfannedtheflamesofworkers’revolutionswhichbrokeoutacrossEuropein1848.

KarlMarxandHenryDavidThoreau,writinginthe1840’s,bothattackedthefree-marketsystem.[A]ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.[B]ItwasThoreau,whenheproposedanagrarian-basedeconomicmodelbasedonself-sufficiencyandreducedconsumption,whomostradicallydissentedwiththe“freemarket”.[C]ThoughfewatthetimetookThoreauseriously,hisobservationsprefiguremanyoftheecologicalconcernsofthe21stcentury—conservation,sustainableresources,recycling,andrealcost,forexample.[D]Thoreaualsoarguedthatlarge-scaleeconomicdevelopmentcannotexistwithoutslavery.Headvocatedaninternal-market“naturaleconomy”inwhichtheindividualwouldcultivateonlyenoughlandtoprovideforpersonalneeds,retaineconomicindependencealongwiththedignitythatentailed,andenjoygreaterleisuretime.

Today,theinterrelatednessoftheglobaleconomyisforcingustorecognizethateconomicgrowthdoesnottakeplaceinavacuum.Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.Noweconomistsandecologistsoftenfindthemselvesoccupyingcommonground.Indeeditmaynolongerbepossibletolookateconomicdevelopmentasanactivitydivorcedfromitsenvironmentalandhumanconsequences.

6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedinparagraph2?

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

7.Accordingtothepassage,itwasAdamSmith’sargumentthat（）.

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

8.Whichofthefollowingwasmentionedasaconsequenceofpeoplemovingfromthecountrysidetothecity?

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthecommonlyheldviewofKarlMarxironic?

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

10.Thewordrampantisclosestinmeaningto（）.

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitthathasresultedfromfreemarketcapitalism?

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

12.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Initsinitialstages,thecapitalistfreemarketeconomydependedonexports.

B.Producingforoverseasmarketswasthesecondstageinthedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomy.

C.Exportmarketswerenotascriticaltothedevelopmentofacapitalistfreemarketeconomyasweredomesticmarkets.

D.Governmentswereactiveinpromotingtheexpansionofexportmarketstoincreasetheirnationalwealth.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.acapitalistfreemarketeconomyneededsomegovernmentregulation

B.workerswereunfairlytakenadvantageofinacapitalistfreemarketeconomy

C.acapitalistfreemarketeconomycouldbelefttoregulateitself

D.capitalistfreemarketeconomiesneededtobebalancedbyotherkindsofeconomicsystems

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thequalityoflifeformanyofthemwasimproved.

B.Conflictoccurredbetweendifferentracialandethnicgroups.

C.Thelivingconditionsoftheworkersdidnotimprove.

D.Themigrationoflaborersawayfromthecountrysideseriouslyhurtagriculturalproductivity.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewasanearlyopponentoffreemarketcapitalism.

B.Hethoughtcapitalismwasunfair.

C.Heagreedwithsomecapitalistprinciples.

D.HereflectedtheviewsofThoreau.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.rational

B.moderate

C.regulated

D.unrestrained

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Betterhealthcare.

B.Anexpandingpopulation.

C.Scientificprogress.

D.Materialabundance.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:B

第7題:C

【解析】6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二句Mannedbyanewclassofurbanwageearners,factorieschurnedoutlow-costgoodsforsaleinexternalmarkets.（城市居民打工族開始出現(xiàn)，工廠批量生產(chǎn)出低價(jià)商品，銷往海外。），說明工廠產(chǎn)出低價(jià)商品在海外市場(chǎng)銷售，由此可知外銷市場(chǎng)在自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下一開始就是發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。因此A選項(xiàng)“在其初始階段，資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)依賴于出口”正確。B選項(xiàng)“為海外市場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)是資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的第二個(gè)階段”，C選項(xiàng)“出口市場(chǎng)對(duì)資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展并不像國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)那樣關(guān)鍵”與原文表述的意思相反，所以B，C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“各國(guó)政府積極推動(dòng)出口市場(chǎng)的擴(kuò)大，以增加國(guó)家財(cái)富”，原文沒有說到政府在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過程里所扮演的角色，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

7.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句an“invisiblehand”ofself-interestguidedthelaissez-faireeconomy（他認(rèn)為有一只由自我利益操控的“看不見的手”指引著自由經(jīng)濟(jì)），說明亞當(dāng)?史密斯認(rèn)為個(gè)人利益就像一只隱形的手，可以指引自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，也就是說自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不需要政府的干預(yù)，可以自我調(diào)節(jié)。因此C選項(xiàng)“資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)可以自行調(diào)節(jié)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要一些政府的監(jiān)管”，由原文onewithnogovernmentinterference（這是一只不摻有政府干預(yù)的手）可知，自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不需要政府的監(jiān)管，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“工人在資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中被不公平地利用了”，由原文offeringthefairestcompensationtotheworker（為工人提供最公平的補(bǔ)償）可知，這樣的體系也將為工人帶來最公平的待遇，所以B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“資本主義自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要被其他類型的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系所平衡”，由原文可知，史密斯的理論并未提及其他的經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

8.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句Thus,workerswhohadleftserf-likeconditionsonfarmstoworkincitiesfoundslaveryinanotherformaswage-earnerscompetingforill-payingjobs.（這樣導(dǎo)致以前工作在牧場(chǎng)的農(nóng)奴似的人民現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)自己依舊在工廠里如奴隸一般工作，領(lǐng)著可憐巴巴的薪水。），說明原來在鄉(xiāng)下過著奴役般生活的人們移居到城市，結(jié)果仍然受到壓迫，生活一點(diǎn)也沒有改善。因此C選項(xiàng)“工人的生活條件沒有改善”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們中許多人的生活質(zhì)量得到了提高”與原文表述的意思相反，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不同種族和民族群體之間發(fā)生了沖突”，D選項(xiàng)“勞動(dòng)者離開農(nóng)村的遷移嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

9.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ItisironicthatMarx,whoispopularlyregardedasthegreatestenemyofcapitalism,wasactuallythinkingfairlyconventionallyabouteconomicgrowth;MarxagreedwithSmiththateconomicdevelopmentwasdesirableandnecessary,butdisagreedwiththedistributionofwealthundercapitalism.（這是非常諷刺的，被人們認(rèn)為是資本主義宿敵的馬克思對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)持相當(dāng)傳統(tǒng)的觀念；馬克思同意史密斯的觀點(diǎn)，即經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是為人們所需要且必須的，但是他認(rèn)為財(cái)富分配并沒有達(dá)到應(yīng)有的公平。），說明馬克思一般被認(rèn)定是資本主義的反對(duì)者，但具有諷刺意味的是，他對(duì)資本主義的看法卻是傳統(tǒng)的；他只是反對(duì)財(cái)富分配的方式，而非全面否定經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的價(jià)值。因此C選項(xiàng)“他同意一些資本主義原則”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他是自由市場(chǎng)資本主義的早期反對(duì)者”，原文沒有說到是早期的反對(duì)者，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為資本主義是不公平的”，D選項(xiàng)“他反映了梭羅的觀點(diǎn)”在文中沒有提及，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

10.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“rampant”可以定位到文中最后一段第三句Ontheotherhand,suchunwelcomeby-productsoframpanteconomicgrowthasoverpopulation,pollutionandclimatechangehavebroughttheworldtothebrinkofanecologicalcrisis.（另外，人口過剩、污染和氣候變化等不受歡迎的經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛增長(zhǎng)的副產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)把世界帶到生態(tài)危機(jī)的邊緣。），說明“rampant”在文中是指“猖獗、兇猛”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)“不受約束”正確。A選項(xiàng)“理性”，B選項(xiàng)“適度”，C選項(xiàng)“規(guī)范”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

11.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第二句Thefree-marketeconomicmodelhas,overthepasttwohundredyears,broughtabundantmaterialwealthtomany,alongwithrevolutionaryimprovementsinmedicine,scienceandtechnology.（在過去的兩百年里，自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式給許多人帶來了豐富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富，以及醫(yī)學(xué)、科學(xué)和技術(shù)方面的革命性進(jìn)步。），說明自由市場(chǎng)資本主義帶來的好處有物質(zhì)財(cái)富、醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步、科技發(fā)展，所以A選項(xiàng)“更好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)”，C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)的進(jìn)步”，D選項(xiàng)“物質(zhì)的豐富”都屬于自由市場(chǎng)資本主義帶來的好處，排除A，C，D。B選項(xiàng)“人口膨脹”，由原文可知，人口過多是自由市場(chǎng)資本主義帶來的危害，因此本題選B。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干中的句子Thiswasaneconomicsystemthat,inhisview,wasanythingbut“free”.（在他的觀念里，這是一套完全不自由的經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)。）講的是某個(gè)人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的看法，C處前文說到梭羅反對(duì)“自由市場(chǎng)”，那么下文應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步解釋說明文意，提供更多證據(jù)。因此該句放在C處最合適。

3.單選題

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。exotic“奇異的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“極好的，華麗的”；luminous“發(fā)光的，發(fā)亮的”；spectacular“壯觀的，驚人的”。句意：我手邊上的指針會(huì)發(fā)光，所以我能在黑暗中看清時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Ihaveneverlaid（）tobeinganexpertinthisfield.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reclaim

B.exclamation

C.affirmation

D.claim

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。layclaimto“聲稱……的權(quán)力，自稱有知識(shí)等”。句意：我從不認(rèn)為自己是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專家。結(jié)合句意，故D為正確答案。

5.單選題

Tonyhasnottheleast（）ofgivinguphisresearchwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intention

B.interest

C.wish

D.desire

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：Tony絲毫沒有放棄其研究工作的打算。選項(xiàng)A符合語境。

6.單選題

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】atthecostof

以...為代價(jià)；onthevergeof瀕臨于,

接近于；asaresultof因此,

由于；forthesakeof為了。句意：人壽保險(xiǎn)為被保者的家屬提供經(jīng)濟(jì)保障,

以防止因養(yǎng)家糊口的人去世而造成的損失。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Don’tlethiscriticism（）you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhoalwaystakegreatdelightinfindingfaultwithother’sbehavior.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuade

B.concern

C.dismiss

D.discourage

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)persuade“說服”；B選項(xiàng)concern“影響，牽扯”；C選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇”；D選項(xiàng)discourage“阻止，使氣餒”。句意：不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而（）；他是那種喜歡對(duì)別人的行為吹毛求疵的人。本句表達(dá)的意思“不要因?yàn)樗呐u(píng)而氣餒”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

Intoday'sworld,insuranceplaysavitalroleintheeconomicandsocialwelfareoftheentirepopulation.Thewishtoguardagainstdangerstolifeandpropertyisbasictohumannature.Byusingvariouskindsofinsurance,societyhasbeenabletoreducetheeffectsofsuchhazards.

Nowhereisinsurancemoreimportantthaninthemanagementofabusiness.Inmanyinstanceslossesinasmallfirmcanmeanthedifferencebetweengrowthandfailure,vitalityandstagnation.Veryfewsmallbusinesseshaveevenaportionofthefinancialsourcesavailabletolargerenterprises.Frequentlytheymustoperateonaveryslightmarginiftheyhopetostayinbusiness.Andthus,theyareparticularlysensitivetounexpectedlosses.

Withoutenoughinsurance,whathappenstosuchafirmwhentheownerdiesorissuddenlydisabled?Whenafirebreaksoutanddestroysthefirm’sbuildingorstock?Whenanemployeeisfoundtohavestolencompanyfunds?Whenacustomerisawardedaliabilityjudgmentforanaccident?Toooften,thebusinessisforcedtothewall;itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed;sometimes,itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed.

Almostalways,asmallbusinessmanwouldfinditimpossibletohandlethefullburdenofhispotentialrisk.Theamountofmoneyhewouldhavetosetasidetocoverpossiblelosseswouldleavehimnothingoralmostnothingtorunhisbusinesswith.Iflossesweretooccurwhichhecouldrepairbyusinghisreservefund,whatassurancewouldhehavethatanotherloss-thesamekindordifferent——mightnotoccurnextweek,nextmonth?Butthenhewouldhavenoreservefundandlittlelikelihoodofstayinginbusinessatall.

1.Thisselectiondealsmainlywith（

）.

2.InParagraph3,“forcedtothewall”means“（

）.

3.Theauthorthinksthat

（

）.

4.AdequateinsurancewilldoallofthefollowingEXCEPTthatitwill

（

）.

5.Theword“curbed”inParagraph3isnearestinmeaningto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.therelationbetweeninsuranceandsociety

B.accidentsandlosses

C.businessfailures

D.theimportanceofinsurancetobusiness

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.driventodespair

B.stayinginastrongposition

C.doingwell

D.climbingup

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.accidentsalwayshappen

B.abusinessmanshouldtakerisk

C.businessesshouldhaveadequateinsurance

D.insuranceisasocialwelfareproject

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.freesomebusinessfunds

B.addtobenefitsforemployees

C.relievesomemanagementproblems

D.provideforunexpectedincidents

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.checked

B.advanced

C.expanded

D.disturbed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文章開篇就提到保險(xiǎn)在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)福利中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，第二段講述了保險(xiǎn)在企業(yè)管理中是最重要的，第三、四段講述了沒有足夠保險(xiǎn)的企業(yè)會(huì)面臨怎樣的后果。因此D選項(xiàng)“保險(xiǎn)對(duì)企業(yè)的重要性”符合題意。

第2題:詞義題。driventodespair意為“陷入絕望”；stayinginastrongposition意為“保持強(qiáng)勢(shì)”；doingwell意為“經(jīng)營(yíng)盈利”；climbingup意為“上升”。由后面的itisdamagedbeyondrepair;itsabilitytocontinuecompletelycrushed可知前面表示不好的結(jié)果，因此選A。

第3題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章主要講述了保險(xiǎn)對(duì)企業(yè)的重要性，因此C選項(xiàng)“企業(yè)應(yīng)該有足夠的保險(xiǎn)”符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。

第4題:推理判斷題。文章第三四段提到了如果沒有足夠的保險(xiǎn)，那么企業(yè)將遇到資金、意外事故、管理方面等問題，沒有提到會(huì)增加員工福利，因此選B。

第5題:詞義題。checked意為“選定的，有方格圖案的”；advanced意為“先進(jìn)的”；expanded意為“擴(kuò)大的”；disturbed意為“擾亂的，心理失常的”。由前面的thebusinessisforcedtothewall可知此處表示不好的結(jié)果，itsfutureoperationsdrasticallycurbed（它未來的運(yùn)營(yíng)受到了極大的……），因此選D。

9.單選題

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。介詞with可引出分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示一種陪襯性動(dòng)作或補(bǔ)充說明。A選項(xiàng)：動(dòng)詞不定式常作目的狀語或表示將來的動(dòng)作，不能引出陪襯性動(dòng)作；B選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)這兩種形式不屬于非謂語動(dòng)詞，排除；C選項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在分詞表示陪襯性動(dòng)作，符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Contentisthesubjectmatterofarchitecture,theelementinarchitecturalexpressionthatcommunicatesspecificmeaningsthat（）tosocietythefunctionsandtechniquesofbuildings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interpret

B.tell

C.identify

D.modify

【答案】A

【解析】interpret解釋，詮釋；tell告訴，告知；identify證實(shí)；modify修飾，更改。句意：內(nèi)容是建筑的主題，是建筑表達(dá)中傳達(dá)特定意義的元素，向社會(huì)詮釋建筑的功能和技術(shù)。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.單選題

Thoughsometimes（）alltoooftentechnologyisseenasapanaceaforthegreateconomic,social,andpoliticalchallengesfacingthenationasitembarksonthepathofmodernization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expensive

B.effective

C.ignored

D.calamitous

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：盡管技術(shù)有時(shí)（），但常常被視為應(yīng)對(duì)高速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化道路中面臨

的政治挑戰(zhàn)的靈丹妙藥。expensive昂貴的；effective有效的；ignored被忽視的；calamitous災(zāi)難的。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Itwasbynomeanseasytoworkforapresidentwhodemandedsecuritybeyondwhatwasreally（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calledfor

B.calledforth

C.calledup

D.calledat

【答案】A

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)callfor“要求、提倡”；B選項(xiàng)callforth“喚起、鼓起”；C選項(xiàng)callup“召集、征召”；D選項(xiàng)callat“訪問、拜訪”，句意為：在這樣一位要求安全措施超出實(shí)際要求的總統(tǒng)手下工作絕非易事。callfor“要求、提倡”符合題意，因此選A。

13.填空題

SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeans

whichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuch

A

B

C

D

asindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.

【答案】Dwhich改為bywhich

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】從句。

【解題思路】D部分到句子結(jié)尾是修飾means的定語從句，means為事物，引導(dǎo)詞用which，結(jié)合短語bymeans，確定bywhich正確。

【句意】由于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)被大多數(shù)美國(guó)人視為進(jìn)步和繁榮的主要來源，具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的商業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)受到尊重。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不僅本身有好處，它還是一種維護(hù)其他美國(guó)價(jià)值觀的方式，如個(gè)人自由、機(jī)會(huì)均等、勤奮工作等。

14.單選題

Ifyouaskanagenttohelpyoufindanapartment,youhavetopayhima（

）beforeyoucanrentthehouse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fine

B.premise

C.premium

D.visit

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fine“罰款”；premise“前提，假定”；premium“額外費(fèi)用，獎(jiǎng)金，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”；visit“訪問，參觀”。句意：如果你讓中介幫你找公寓，在你租房前需要支付額外費(fèi)用給他。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Theschoolmaster（）thegirl’sbraveryinhisopeningspeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.applauded

B.enhanced

C.elevated

D.clapped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)applaud“贊同；稱贊”；B選項(xiàng)enhance“提高；加強(qiáng)；增加”；C選項(xiàng)elevate“提高；舉起；抬高”；D選項(xiàng)clap“拍手；鼓掌；輕輕拍打某人”。句意：校長(zhǎng)在開幕致辭上稱贊了這個(gè)女孩的勇敢行為。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Asisknowntoall,（）wonderfulsenseofhumor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Englishhas

B.theEnglishhas

C.theEnglishhave

D.theEnglishhad

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞用法。“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示性質(zhì)或特征相同的一類人，則通常具有復(fù)數(shù)意義，如：Thericharenotalwayshappierthanthepoor.（富人不一定總比窮人幸福。），因此本題選C選項(xiàng)“theEnglishhave”，符合題意。句意：眾所周知，英國(guó)人很有幽默感。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikePatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nudged

B.propelled

C.divested

D.bumped

【答案】B

【解析】nudge輕推,嘮叨;propel推進(jìn),驅(qū)使;divest剝奪;bump碰撞。句意：自1996年以來,福利改革推動(dòng)了數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的像帕蒂諾這樣的單身母親加入到勞動(dòng)力大軍中,福利改革對(duì)家庭影響的問題日益突出。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

Informerrevolutionarybaseareas,thepoverty-strickenpeoplecannotaffordtolivein______conditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gracious

B.decent

C.honorable

D.positive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gracious“寬厚的；仁慈的”；B選項(xiàng)decent“像樣的；相當(dāng)好的”；C選項(xiàng)honorable“可敬的；保護(hù)聲譽(yù)的；體面的”；D選項(xiàng)positive“積極的”。句意：在舊的革命根據(jù)地，貧困群眾不能擁有______的生活條件。根據(jù)語境，B選項(xiàng)decent“像樣的；相當(dāng)好的”搭配conditions“條件”比較合理，意思指生活條件優(yōu)越。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery（

）whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。形容詞詞義辨折。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的，機(jī)靈的”；empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”；objective“客觀的”；indignant“憤憤不平的”。句意：當(dāng)被指出犯了錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，史密斯先生感到很氣憤。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“通過引用詩人華茲華斯和波德萊爾的例子，作者想表明……”。根據(jù)第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad（但他們卻選擇關(guān)注那些感覺糟糕的情感）和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.（最早的藝術(shù)形式，如繪畫和音樂，是最適合表達(dá)快樂的。但從19世紀(jì)開始，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始認(rèn)為快樂是無意義的、虛假的，或者是最糟糕的，無聊的，就像我們從華茲華斯的水仙花到波德萊爾的惡之花。）可知，藝術(shù)家開始關(guān)注那些令人不快的情感，但最早的藝術(shù)形式都適合表達(dá)快樂，只是19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候，當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的水仙花轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的惡之花時(shí)，越來越多的藝術(shù)家開始把快樂看成是乏味的，虛假的，甚至是令人厭倦的；因此，可推斷出“藝術(shù)家已經(jīng)改變了興趣的焦點(diǎn)”。故D項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家們已經(jīng)改變了他們的興趣焦點(diǎn)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“詩歌不像繪畫或音樂那樣能表達(dá)快樂”，文中沒有將詩歌、繪畫和音樂對(duì)于快樂的表現(xiàn)力進(jìn)行比較，因此不選；B項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生于積極和消極的情感”，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)沒有錯(cuò)誤，但不是文章引用詩人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，所以不選；C項(xiàng)“今天的詩人較少懷疑幸福”，文中沒有提到詩人，該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；故該題選D。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語義猜測(cè)題。題干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.（早期時(shí)候的人，生活被苦難包圍著。他們工作到筋疲力盡，生活幾乎沒有保障，壽命很短。在西方，在大眾傳媒和識(shí)字之前，最強(qiáng)大的大眾媒體是教堂時(shí)刻提醒信徒，他們的靈魂處于危險(xiǎn)之中，他們總有一天會(huì)成為蟲子的食物。考慮到這一切，他們并不需要他們那些藝術(shù)也能令人掃興。），前面提到了早期人們生活的苦難，從最后too這個(gè)詞語可知他們不再需要增加一個(gè)令他們不快樂的事物；因此這里的“bummer”是表示不快樂的事情，即somethingunpleasant。A項(xiàng)“宗教的”，文章提到教堂只是舉例說明早期人們生活的苦難；C項(xiàng)“令人愉快的”與文章不符；D項(xiàng)“商業(yè)的”這一段沒有提到；故該題選B項(xiàng)“不愉快的”正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“在作者的觀點(diǎn)中，廣告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.（廣告和反快樂藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)，并伴隨著它的出現(xiàn)，在這種商業(yè)文化中，幸福不僅僅是一種理想，而是一種意識(shí)形態(tài)），由此可知，作者認(rèn)為廣告并沒有創(chuàng)造幸福，而是創(chuàng)造了幸福的意識(shí)形態(tài)；因此D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造幸福的幻覺，而不是幸福本身”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“是在反快樂藝術(shù)之后出現(xiàn)的”，文章說到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia（廣告和反快樂藝術(shù)的興起幾乎完全跟隨著大眾媒體的出現(xiàn)），所以它們是同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的，因此該項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“是導(dǎo)致公眾失望的原因”和C項(xiàng)“取代教會(huì)作為主要的信息來源”文中沒有提到；故該題選D。

54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干的意思是“從文章最后一段我們可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者講述的是在今天這樣一個(gè)快樂唾手可得的年代，我們必須記住一點(diǎn)，那就是，只有在面臨巨大的失敗和失望的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后取得的才是真正的快樂；而今天我們需要藝術(shù)告訴我們死亡的象征，就像宗教曾經(jīng)告訴我們的那樣，那就是反快樂文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.（這是一個(gè)比丁香香煙更苦澀的信息，但不知怎的，卻是一股新鮮空氣），由此可以推斷作者是想表達(dá)反快樂的藝術(shù)是令人不悅但卻令人耳目一新；故B項(xiàng)“反快樂的藝術(shù)是令人不快的，但令人耳目一新”為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)“幸福往往以悲傷告終”故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意圖，作者只是說宗教提醒人們各種痛苦的存在，而不是說幸福都會(huì)以悲傷告終；C項(xiàng)“痛苦應(yīng)該被享受，而不是被拒絕”，文章中作者只是說人們需要接受痛苦，而不是說享受痛苦；D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)，反快樂的藝術(shù)繁榮起來”過度解讀，故該題選B。

55.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干的意思是“下列哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？”。根據(jù)文章第五段第二句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,wh