書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-安徽國防科技職業學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

JohnaskedMary（）forherelectronicdictionary.

問題1選項

A.didshepayhowmuch

B.shepaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidshepay

D.howmuchshepaid

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句的用法。空格處所在句子為賓語從句，從句的語序應為：疑問詞+主語+謂語。故D項正確。句意：John問Mary買的電子詞典多少錢。

2.單選題

Theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost（）,havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.

問題1選項

A.incredibly

B.exclusively

C.extraordinarily

D.respectively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。incredibly“難以置信地”；exclusively“唯一地”;extraordinarily“極其”；respectively“分別地”。根據后面havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment“幾乎沒有礦藏，工業發展也少”可知當地只依靠農業，因此選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”，thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.

Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.

1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“（

）”

2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（

）

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggest

because（

）

.

5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystem

because（

）

.

問題1選項

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

問題2選項

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.

問題3選項

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.

問題4選項

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.

問題5選項

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.paradox“矛盾，悖論”。implication“含義”；contradiction“矛盾，否認”；interpretation“解釋”；confusion“混淆”。選項B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句話weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我們能夠在調查地球的社會體系時自信地認為我們有整個領域作為合理的樣本供研究；該段倒數第二句話ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對于天文領域的研究是最不靠譜的，因為我們觀察的是一個不切實際的小樣本。從這兩句話可知，研究社會知識的樣本比研究天文知識的樣本要大并且實際，所以我們能更好地去研究社會現象，選項D符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社會體系中，它不太可能被新的發現嚴重顛覆。選項B符合題意。

4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我們對于天文宇宙或者地球的地理歷史的概念，當新的數據和理論進入時都很容易遭受革命性的變化，選項B符合題意。

5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對于天文領域的研究是最不靠譜的，因為我們觀察的是一個不切實際的小樣本。選項C符合題意。

4.單選題

Inthe（）ofthisearthquake,manynationalandinternationalcommunitiesofferedhelpandassistance.

問題1選項

A.sense

B.hope

C.case

D.wake

【答案】D

【解析】句意:隨著這個地震而來的是很多國家和國際團體主動提供幫助。

考查短語辨析。Inthesenseof從…意義上說;inthehopeof懷著…的希望;inthecaseof至于,在…的情況下;inthewakeof緊緊跟隨,隨著…而來。因此D符合句意。

5.單選題

WhenthenewsofaUFOsightingwasbroadcastonradio,somelistenerscalledtochallengethe（）ofit.

問題1選項

A.vicissitude

B.value

C.validity

D.visitation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。vicissitude變遷，盛衰；value價值；validity正確性；visitation訪問，探視。由challenge可知聽眾想挑戰該消息的正確性。C項正確。句意：當一個不明飛行物目擊事件的消息播出廣播,一些聽眾打電話來挑戰消息的正確性。

6.單選題

PopularintheUKaretheolderruinsatthecastle’sedge,knownas“theabbey”:Twosmallcells,（）withivy,crumblingandopentothesky.

問題1選項

A.strewn

B.loaded

C.permeated

D.crammed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項strewn“撒滿的，散播的”；B選項loaded“載著重物的”；C選項permeated“彌漫的，遍布的”，多指氣味彌漫或液體滲透；D選項crammed“擠滿的”。句意：在英國很受歡迎的是城堡邊緣的古老廢墟，被稱為“修道院”：兩個小隔間，散布著常春藤，搖搖欲墜，朝向天空。選項A符合句意。

7.翻譯題

B:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

ThisnewnormaloftheChineseeconomywillcontinuetobringmoreopportunitiesoftrade,growth,investmentandcooperationforothercountriesinAsiaandbeyond.Inthecomingfiveyears,ChinawillimportmorethanUS$10trillionofgoods,ChineseinvestmentabroadwillexceedUS$500billion,andmorethan500millionoutboundvisitswillbemadebyChinesetourists.Chinawillsticktoitsbasicstatepolicyofopeningup,improveitsinvestmentclimate,andprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofinvestors.Ibelievethattogether,thepeopleofAsiancountriescoulddrivethistrainofAsia’sdevelopmenttotakeAsiatoanevenbrighterfuture.

【答案】中國經濟發展進入新常態，將繼續給包括亞洲國家在內的世界各國提供更多市場、增長、投資、合作機遇。未來5年，中國進口商品將超過10萬億美元，對外投資將超過5000億美元，出境旅游人數將超過5億人次。中國將堅持對外開放的基本國策，不斷完善國內投資環境，保護投資者合法權益。我相信，亞洲各國人民能夠共同推動亞洲發展的這一列車，把亞洲帶向更加光明的未來。

8.單選題

Highlevelsofradonhavebeen（

）inthehouse.

問題1選項

A.observed

B.noticed

C.extracted

D.detected

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。observe意為“觀察，研究”；notice意為“注意”；extract意為“提取，提煉”；detect意為“查明，發現，偵察出”。

句意：房子里發現了高濃度的氡。

9.單選題

Icertainlydidn’tintendto______yourplans.

問題1選項

A.upset

B.shake

C.shave

D.drag

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查定語從句。A選項upset“打亂；打翻”；B選項shake“搖動，抖動”；C選項shave“剃毛”；D選項drag“（使勁而吃力地）拖”。句意：我當然不想______你的計劃。根據語境，這里指的是不想妨礙計劃，A選項upset“打亂”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

10.單選題

Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa“scientifichierarchy”wouldbetoseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientificallyeducated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationandencouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.

Asageneralstatement,Ithinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnotdefinescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhoseexperimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends“toneglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects”,economicsandsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparent.Thispointisofgreatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother.

Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeither（a）theexactsciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtainsverifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.

Ifyouaskanyscientist,orindeedalmostanyeducatedperson,“Whatisscience?”Youarelikelytogetananswerapproximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,whenpeoplesay“science”theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:test-tubesbalances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthosewhotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,thattheyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheirownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.

Thisconfusionofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger,Impliedinthedemandformorescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedonesapproachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.Ascientistspoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,onmorals,onphilosophyperhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofalayman.Buta“scientist”,aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneoftheexactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymoreintelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewhodobelievethis.

Butisitreallytruethata“scientist”,inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelierthanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnotmuchreasonforthinkingso.Takeonesimpletest—theabilitytowithstandnationalism.Itisoftenlooselysaidthat“Scienceisinternational,”butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,madenoresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchonsuchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.

Ontheotherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieveexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimaginethatthenumberofGermanscientists—Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbytheregimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthanthis,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosity（巨大而丑陋的東西）of“racialscience”.

Butdoesthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthecontrary.Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,andprobablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,morebiology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.

Clearly,scientificeducationoughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itoughttomeanacquiringamethod—amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatonemeets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistofscientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,andsomehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexactsciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingattheworld,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheerprofessional,jealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1.Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinitionoftheword“science”（）.

2.Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferto（）.

3.Theauthor,contrastsGermansciencewithClurmanliteraturetosupportviewpointthat（）.

4.Anaveragepersonignorantofhistory,beingcomparedwithanilliteratefarmer,withhistoricalmemoriesistoshowthat（）.

5.Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

問題1選項

A.ambiguous

B.ambivalent

C.questionable

D.inappropriate

問題2選項

A.physics

B.physiology

C.philosophy

D.psychology

問題3選項

A.Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B.writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C.scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D.Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

問題4選項

A.inscientificeducation,theteachingofhistoryshouldn’tbeneglected

B.historyisimportantforapersonwhowantstobeoutstanding

C.historyisthemostimportantsubjectinscientificeducation

D.inscientificeducation,morehistorycoursesshouldbeprovided

問題5選項

A.contrastingsciencewithliterature

B.explainingwhatscienceis

C.givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D.pointingoutpeoplesmisunderstandingofscience

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.細節事實題。題目問的是“從第二段中可知，作者認為當下對‘科學’這個詞的定義是怎樣的？”文章第二段最后一句話提到“因為在當下‘科學’的含義至少有兩種，但目前人們傾向于從一種含義轉向另一種含義，整個科學教育問題模糊不清”(Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthewholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefromonemeaningtotheother)，因此選項A“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”符合題意。ambivalent“矛盾的”；questionable“可疑的，有問題的”；inappropriate“不適當的”。

第2題:2.細節事實題。題目問的是“當人們談論科學時，他們沒有涉及下列哪項？”文章第四段提到生物學家、天文學家，可能是心理學家或數學家，被描述為科學家，而沒有人會想到用這個詞來形容政治家、詩人、記者甚至哲學家（Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapspsychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasamanofsciencenoonewouldthinkofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher），由此可知人們在談論科學時，他們不是指哲學，因此選項C符合題意。Physics“物理學”；physiology“生理學”；psychology“心理學”。

第3題:3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者將德國科學與克魯曼文學進行對比，來支持下列哪個觀點？”文章第六段第四句提到人們常泛泛地說“科學是國際性的”，但實際上所有國家的科學工作者都站在自己政府一邊，比作家和藝術家們所感到的顧慮要少得多(Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational,"butinpracticethescientificworkersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthanarefeltbythewritersandtheartists)。然后將德國科學家與文學家對待納粹黨的態度進行對比，指出前者接受納粹黨，而后者則由于反對而受到迫害的居多，因此選項C“科學家比作家更傾向于支持他們的政府”符合題意。

第4題:4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“一個對歷史一無所知的普通人，與一個目不識丁的農民相比，用歷史的記憶來說明什么？”文章倒數第二段提到對大眾的科學教育如果只是注重在物理、化學、生物等方面的教育并沒有好處，可能還會有危害。然后提到接受科學教育的一般人的政治反應可能比一個目不識丁的農民的反應要遲鈍，因為后者還保留著一些歷史記憶和相當健全的審美意識（It’sprobableeffectontheaveragehumanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanevercontemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess;andhispoliticalreactionswouldprobablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretainedafewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense），由此可知作者是為了說明在科學教育中，歷史教學不應該被忽略，選項A符合題意。

第5題:5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章可以最好地概括為……”。文章開篇由一封信引出科學這個概念，提到科學至少有兩種定義，而當下用得比較多的定義是第一種，即精確的科學，比如化學、物理學等；接著提到科學家與文學家的區別，并且舉了德國科學與文學之間的區別的例子，這些都是在圍繞“科學是什么”這個主題進行的。因此選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

（

）quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.

問題1選項

A.Excessive

B.Extensive

C.Extreme

D.Exclusive

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如今，隨著工農業快速發展水的消耗很大。

形容詞辨析。Excessive過多的，過分的;Extensive廣泛的，大量的;Extreme極端的;exclusive獨有的，排外的。因此B符合句意。

12.單選題

Thatstoryyouhavejusttold______meofanexperienceIoncehad.

問題1選項

A.informs

B.recalls

C.reminds

D.refreshes

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項inform“通知，告訴”，B項recall“召回，回想起”，C項remind“提醒，使想起”，D項refresh“更新，恢復精神”。根據句子可知，remindsb.ofsth.固定搭配，表示“使某人想起某事”。句意：你剛才講的故事使我想起我曾經有過的一次經歷。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

13.單選題

The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.

問題1選項

A.controlling

B.prevailing

C.predominant

D.primary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項controlling“控制欲強的（含貶義）”；B選項prevailing“普遍的，盛行的”；C選項predominant“明顯的；占優勢的”；D選項primary“主要的，基本的”。句意：驕傲是泰德的性格中_______的特點；除了他自己，他從不指望別人。根據語境，這里是指泰德非常驕傲，很容易看出來，所以predominant“明顯的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

14.單選題

Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.rational

C.ridiculous

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。absurd表示“荒謬的”；A項compelling“引人注目的，令人信服的”，B項rational“合理的，理性的”，C項ridiculous“可笑的，荒謬的”，D項ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”。句意：沒有什么比說人類命中注定更荒謬的了。根據句意可知C項正確。

15.單選題

Ican'tpossiblymarkyourhomework;yourhandwritingis（）.

問題1選項

A.illogical

B.illiterate

C.illusive

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。illogical不合邏輯的；illiterate不識字的，文盲的；illusive錯覺的，虛假的；illegible難辨認的，字跡模糊的。句意：我無法給你的作業打分，因為你的筆跡難以辨認。選項D符合句意。

16.單選題

Thedamagetomycarwas____intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.

問題1選項

A.insufficient

B.ignorant

C.ambiguous

D.negligible

【答案】D

【解析】

【選項釋義】

A.insufficient不充分的；不足的；不夠重要的B.ignorant（對某事物）不了解的；無知的

C.ambiguous模棱兩可的；含混不清的D.negligible微不足道的；不重要的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：在這次事故中，我的汽車的損壞……，但即使在今天，我仍然心有余悸。根據邏輯，由后半句即使在今天我仍然心有余悸可以推斷，在這次事故中汽車的損壞是很小的，但是我一直很害怕。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】在這次事故中，我的汽車的損壞微不足道，但即使在今天，我仍然心有余悸。

17.單選題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfactofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項

A.quiteencouraging

B.fairlybright

C.veryimpressive

D.ratherbleak

問題2選項

A.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

問題3選項

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

C.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項

A.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

問題5選項

A.upset

B.uncertain

C.alarmed

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是：作者所描繪的美國人的閱讀能力是怎樣的？根據原文第一段的首句Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我幾乎沒有必要列舉所有令人沮喪的人們的識字狀況）。由此可知，D選項“相當凄涼”符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是：作者最關心的是？根據原文第二段的首句Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天擔心的與其說是基本識字這個壓倒性的問題，不如說是一個更為奢侈的問題，即美國中產階層讀者閱讀技能的衰退，他們不愿意在安靜的地方，犧牲難得在家的時間，集中注意力用以讀書，而這些與經典閱讀行為息息相關），由此可知A選項“中產階級的閱讀能力與閱讀行為”符合題意。

3.細節事實題。題目問的是：大多數識字青少年最主要的一個問題是？根據原文第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人認為，近80%有文化，受過良好教育的美國青少年，沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴就無法閱讀）以及thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而這種邊閱讀邊在背景干擾下進行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能），由此可知，B選項“他們缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合題意。

4.細節事實題。題目問的是：作者認為，讀者對一篇詩歌或散文表現贊賞的最好方式是？根據第二段倒數第二句letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用說人們對他們真正喜歡的詩歌或散文給予的最高評價了，那就是把它記在心里），由此可知D選項“能夠欣賞它并記住它”符合題意。

5.觀點態度題。題目問的是：關于閱讀藝術的未來，作者的感覺是怎樣的？根據原文最后一段的第一句Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.（在這種情況下，閱讀藝術的未來是什么，這確實是一個大問題。）以及最后一句話Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.（在圖書界沒有人能自信地說他知道未來將會發生什么。）由此可推斷，作者認為閱讀藝術的未來充滿了不確定性，所以選項B正確。

18.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,the

trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompanys.

問題1選項

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始，大多數公司就傾向于經營隨需應變、隨時可用的產品和服務。這樣為顧客提供了，而不是為公司提供便利。

Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。

19.單選題

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit,

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulfs,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“immunity”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

4.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitterthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwh