書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林財經大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.案例題

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.

B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.

C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.

D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.

E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?

F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.

H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.

I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.

J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）H

（4）I

（5）B

（6）F

（7）E

（8）G

（9）C

（10）J

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文：嬰兒與母親形成依戀關系，必須經歷分離和個性化的過程。所以填空處應該與嬰兒和母親之間的關系相關。

2.根據(jù)下文：父母對子女的愛心和關愛是必不可少的...。選項A一個安全,充滿愛的環(huán)境是發(fā)展健康自我概念的另一必要因素，與下文相對應，所以正確。

3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,選項H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"與之相對應。

4.根據(jù)下文可知本段主要是講被收養(yǎng)的孩子。這里是進行舉例，所以選項I符合原文內容。

5.根據(jù)上文可知，這里是回答收養(yǎng)的孩子與生母之間的關系，選項B正確。

6.結合上下文的內容可知，這里是描述年齡大一點的被收養(yǎng)的孩子的生活狀況，所以選F。

7.根據(jù)下文的內容可知本段主要是講收養(yǎng)對健康的自我意識的發(fā)展的影響。選項E正確。

8.上一段提出了收養(yǎng)家庭應如何幫助收養(yǎng)的孩子提供關愛，度過難關，但下文的內容又指出孩子們依然可能會出現(xiàn)分離焦慮癥，所以選項G盡管有這些措施，有時孩子可能會依然有分離焦慮癥，符合原文邏輯。

9.選項C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild與上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相對應，所以正確。

10.選項J如果一個被收養(yǎng)的孩子被慈愛的父母收養(yǎng)，那么他至少有平均的成功個性化的機會。這與上文緊密聯(lián)系,所以正確。

2.單選題

Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatly,be（

）,anddisplayinterestinthejob.

問題1選項

A.swift

B.instant

C.timely

D.punctual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項swift“迅速的，敏捷的，立刻的”；B選項instant“立即的，直接的，緊迫的”；C選項timely“及時的”；D選項punctual“按時的，準時的”。句意：要想給未來老板留下好印象，應聘者應穿著整齊，嚴格準時，并且表現(xiàn)出對工作的興趣。結合句意，D選項正確。

3.單選題

Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either（）,orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.

問題1選項

A.voluntarily

B.selectively

C.compulsorily

D.necessarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。voluntarily“自動地”；selectively“有選擇地”；compulsorily“強制地；強迫地”；necessarily“必要地；必定地”。句意：在大學學習生涯的某個階段，一些學生或______或被迫離開課堂。根據(jù)句意可知選項A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

一本好書往往珍藏著一個人所能想到的最美妙的東西，因此，好書就是一座座收藏著美好話語和崇高思想的寶庫。這些珍藏的話語和思想會隨時隨地陪伴并撫慰我們。

書中自有顏如玉，書中自有黃金屋。讀書是賞心悅目，陶冶情操；讀書是走進先哲，聆聽教誨；讀書是體驗鳥語，感受花香。書能引導我們進入最優(yōu)秀的社會群體，將我們帶到有史以來最偉大的思想家面前。在書中我們能夠與先賢們博古爍今，能夠與文人騷客煮酒論歌，能夠從無數(shù)正反面的故事中，吸取教訓，增長見識。

開卷有益，這是自古以來人們的共識。每一個人要想在知識的山峰上登得越高，眼前展現(xiàn)的景色越壯闊，就要多讀書。讀書是開闊視野，獲取淵博知識的最佳途徑。讓我們都來讀書吧！

【答案】Agoodbookoftentreasuresupthemostwonderfulthingsofonecanthinkof,sogoodbooksaretreasurehousesofgloriouswordsandloftythoughts.Thesetreasuredwordsandthoughtswillalwaysbewithusandcomfortus.

Withinbooks,onecanfindgirlswithcomplexionslikejadeandhousesmadeofgold.Readingisafeastfortheeyesandcultivatingourtaste;Readingistowalkintotheancientsagesandtolistentotheedification;Readingistoexperiencethesoundofbirdsandthesmellofflowers.Bookscanleadusintothebestsocialgroups,tothegreatestthinkersthroughouthistory.Inthebookswecanpossessawideknowledgeofthingsancientandmodernwithancientsages;wecanappreciatepoemswithpoets;wecanlearnfrominnumerablepositiveandnegativestoriesandincreaseourknowledge.

Peoplehavelongrealizedthatreadingenrichesthemind.Ifyouwanttoclimbhigheronthemountainofknowledge,themoremagnificenttheviewyoucansee,youmustreadmore.Readingisthebestwaytobroadenourhorizonandacquireprofoundknowledge.Let’sallread!

5.單選題

Theteachertriedtoexplaintheproblem,buttheexplanationdidnot（）.

問題1選項

A.comeup

B.hangon

C.getacross

D.lookout

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。comeup"走近;發(fā)生";hangon"堅持下去;不掛斷;握住不放";getacross"被理解,被接受";lookout"注意;當心"。句意：老師試圖解釋這個問題,但這個解釋不被大家所接受。選項C符合句意。

6.單選題

After（

）seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntogivealecturetotheaudience.

問題1選項

A.it

B.that

C.these

D.what

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在看似漫長的等待之后，輪到他給觀眾做演講了。

語法題。考查賓語從句。根據(jù)句意可知此處after作介詞，after后面的賓語從句中缺少主語，故使用連接詞what引導賓語從句。

7.單選題

Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects________inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1990.

問題1選項

A.havebeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconducted

D.areconducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查時態(tài)。A是過去完成進行時，表示從過去某一時間開始，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作；B是過去進行時，表示過去正在發(fā)生的動作；C是過去完成時，表示從過去的時間某動作已完成；D是一般現(xiàn)在時，表示現(xiàn)在的動作。句意：早在1990年，美國和歐洲都已經做過了對移動物體攝影的實驗。1990是一個過去的時間，句子中有個wellbefore，所以可知做物體移動的攝影實驗是在1990年之前就完成了，是一個在過去就已經完成的動作，因此答案選C。

8.翻譯題

“Bah!Humbug”,wasScrooge’sopinionofcharitablegivingandeventodaysomeeconomistsreckoncharitygoesagainsteconomicrationality.36.Itisoftenallegedthataltruismisinconsistentwitheconomicrationality,whichassumesthatpeoplebehaveselfishly.Certainly,mucheconomicanalysisisconcernedwithhowindividualsbehave,andhomoeconomicus(economicman)isusuallyassumedtoactinhisorherself-interest.

37.Someeconomicmodelsassumethatself-interestedindividualsbehavealtruisticallybecausetheygetsomebenefit,orutility,fromdoingso.Forinstance,itmaymakethemfeelbetteraboutthemselves,orbeausefulinsurancepolicyagainstsocialunrest.Othereconomicmodelsrelaxthetraditionalassumptionoffullyrationalbehaviorbysimplyassumingthatpeoplesometimesbehavealtruistically,evenifthismaybeagainsttheirself-interest.ThePeaceCorpsisanexample,forpeopleoftengiveuppotentiallylucrativestartstotheircareersorinterruptthemtodogoodworkoverseas.PeoplewhoworkforthePeaceCorpsdosobecausetheywanttoandtokeepthePeaceCorpsdynamicwithfreshideas.38.Sociologistswouldarguethatthereisanaturalinclinationofhumanbeingstoengagethemselvesinhelpingothers,asanaturalinstincttopreservethespecies.Thuspublicdutyisasurvivalact.

Thequestionthenisraisedregardingpoliticalparticipation,whetheritcanbeclassifiedasanactofeconomicrationalityorofaltruism.39.Publicdutymaynotnecessarilymeanduty,althoughitmayincludethatconstantandactivepracticalparticipationinthedetailsofpoliticswithoutwhich,uponthepartofthemostintelligentcitizens,theconductofpublicaffairsfallsunderthecontrolofselfishandignorantorcraftyandvenalmen.Politicsoftenrequiresserviceincommittees,careandtroubleandexpenseofmanykinds,patientenduranceofrebuffs,chagrins,ridicules,disappointments,anddefeats.40.Allthesedutiesandservices,whenselfishlyandmeanlyperformed,stigmatizeamanasamerepolitician,butwhenperformedwithhonestyandvigilance,theybecomegradualbuildingblocks,stonebystoneandlayerbylayer,ofanationofself-restrainedliberty.

【答案】36.經濟學家聲稱，利他主義與經濟理性背道而馳，因為后者假定人們行為自私。

37.一些經濟模型假設，利己主義者之所以表現(xiàn)出利他行為，是因為他們從中獲得了一些利益或效用。例如，讓他們自我感覺更好，或者有效防止社會動蕩。

38.社會學家認為人類有一種幫助別人的自然傾向，這是保護同類的自然本能。因此，公共義務是一種生存行為。

39.雖然公共義務有時包括持續(xù)和積極參與政治事務，但是公共義務不一定意味著義務。

40.如果帶著私心和惡意履行責任和提供服務，那就玷污了這份職業(yè)，徒留政客的名聲。但是如果帶著真誠與嚴謹，這些行為就會一點一滴、層層遞進地建構自我約束下的自由國家。

9.單選題

Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekindofceremonythatexpressgroup（）oftheunion.

問題1選項

A.opinion

B.consistency

C.insistence

D.approval

【答案】D

【解析】opinion觀點,主張；consistency一致性,相容性；insistence堅持,強調；approval批準,認可,贊同。句意：在所有社會中,合法的婚姻通常伴隨著某種儀式,表達群體對婚姻的認可。選項D符合語境。

10.單選題

Hehadaclearpictureofasadandlonelyman,deeplyconcernedabouthishealthwhichseemedtopromiseonlyafairlyrapiddeclineinto（）.

問題1選項

A.convalesce

B.recovery

C.senility

D.relapse

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。convalesce“漸漸恢復”；recovery“恢復”；senility“衰老，老態(tài)龍鐘”；relapse“復發(fā)，恢復原狀”。句意：他很清楚地了解到一個悲傷孤獨的老人，非常關心自己的身體健康狀況，這種健康狀況似乎預示著會迅速進入衰老狀態(tài)。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

ThisEuropeangeologistturnedouttobegoodcompanyandknewalotaboutthecountrywewerein,sowebenefitedtalkingwithhim.Hegaveusseveralveryusefultips.

問題1選項

A.This

B.turnedout

C.goodcompany

D.benefitedtalkingwithhim

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。介詞遺漏。在benefited后加上from。Benefit為不及物動詞,常后面接from，表示“受益于…”。

12.單選題

Toensureitssustainedprogressineconomy,thegovernmenthas（

）aseriesofpolicies.

問題1選項

A.reserved

B.issued

C.delivered

D.expressed

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項reserve“預定”；B選項issue“發(fā)行”；C選項deliver“交付”；D選項express“表達”。

句意：為保證經濟的持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府出臺了一系列政策。選項B更符合語境，所以正確。

13.單選題

Somepeopleviewlifeasa(n)（

）conflictbetweentheforcesofgoodandevil.

問題1選項

A.external

B.internal

C.maternal

D.eternal

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析題。根據(jù)句意‘一些人把生活看作是正義力量與惡勢力之間的一種外部沖突。’可知是將生活看作是一種外部沖突。A選項external“外部的，外部”;B選項internal“內部的”；C選項maternal“母性的”；D選項eternal“永恒的”。A選項正確。

14.單選題

Thewaterswererisingabouttherockandwouldsoon（

）it.

問題1選項

A.flood

B.submerge

C.underrate

D.yield

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。flood意為“淹沒，泛濫”，指淹沒大片區(qū)域；submerge意為“浸沒，淹沒”，指淹沒某個物體；underrate意為“過低評價，低估”；yield意為“屈服，投降”。

句意：水在巖石周圍上升，很快就會淹沒它。

15.單選題

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby（

）.

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

問題2選項

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

問題3選項

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

問題4選項

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘研究人員利用病毒的什么固有特性來將基因導入TILS?’根據(jù)文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.為了將這種基因導入TILS，科學家們使用了一種病毒，利用它入侵細胞的自然傾向。”確定B選項‘入侵細胞的傾向’正確。

2.題目提問‘根據(jù)文章，SCID是由……導致的。’根據(jù)第三段第一句與第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease（SCID）,whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一種嚴重的聯(lián)合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由單個異常基因引起的酶缺乏引起。這種酶的基因——腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)——通過一種改良的逆轉錄病毒進入病人的T細胞”中的lackof可以排除A選項‘單克隆抗體過量’、B選項‘腫瘤壞死因子過多’和C選項‘缺乏腫瘤壞死因子’。從第一句與第二句的前后關系及this這個詞知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA），所以D選項‘缺乏腺哲脫氨酶’正確。

3.題目提問‘為什么癌癥患者會對這篇文章中所討論的癌癥“疫苗”的前景持懷疑態(tài)度?’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,盡管將惡性腫瘤細胞重新植入患者體內的想法似乎有點嚇人”推知A選項‘疫苗接種者將被重新注入癌物質’正確。B選項‘疫苗是來自煙草植物’和D選項‘載體中的遺傳物質可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中沒有提及，排除；C選項‘基因轉移的安全性尚未得到證實’與文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年，基因轉移的可行性與安全性己經得到證明。”互相矛盾，排除。

4.題目提問‘ADA通過下列哪一種途徑轉移到患者的T細胞中?’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.這種酶的基因ADA通過一種改良的逆轉錄病毒進入病人的T細胞。”確定D選項‘modifiedretrovirus經過修改的逆轉錄酶病毒’正確。

16.單選題

Thegovernmentwilltakesomeactionto（）thetwobigquarrelingcompanies.

問題1選項

A.jigsaw

B.jot

C.impulse

D.reconcile

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。jigsaw用鋸鋸；jot匆匆記下；impulse推動;reconcile調和。句意:政府將采取措施這兩家起爭執(zhí)的大公司。因此D項符合句意。

17.單選題

Whichsporthasthemostexpenses_______trainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?

問題1選項

A.inplaceof

B.bywayof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】inplaceof代替;bywayof經由;intermsof依據(jù),按照,在……方面;bymeansof通過,依靠。句意：哪項運動在訓練器材、運動員個人裝備和隊服等方面的開銷最大?選項C符合句意。

18.單選題

Amisconceptionfrequentlyheldbynovicewritersisthatsentencestructuremirrorsthought:themoreconvolutedthestructure,themore（）theideas.

問題1選項

A.complicated

B.inconsequential

C.fanciful

D.blatant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞同義辨析。A選項complicated“難懂的，復雜的”；B選項inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合邏輯的”；C選項fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D選項blatant“喧囂的；公然的；炫耀的；俗麗的”。句意：新手作家時常擁有的一個錯誤想法是句子結構反映想法，即結構越復雜，那么想法也就越復雜。根據(jù)句意判斷出A選項正確。

19.單選題

Hillslopeswereclearedofforeststomakewayforcrops,whichnowonly（

）thecrisis.

問題1選項

A.accelerates

B.prevails

C.ascends

D.precedes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。Accelerate“加速，促進”；prevail“流行，占上風”；ascend“上升”；precede“領先”。根據(jù)句意“山坡上的樹木因為要種莊稼而被砍伐”，因而加速了這個危機。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t（

）tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.

問題1選項

A.aid

B.amount

C.add

D.attribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項aid“資助，援助，幫助”；B選項amount“總計，等于”；C選項add“增加，添加，計算……總和”；D選項attribute“把……歸因于，被認為是……創(chuàng)作的”。句意：我們很高興地注意到，早晨送貨沒有加劇這個繁華城市的交通擁擠。故C選項正確。

21.填空題

Shecouldn'tbuythebookanywhere.（1）ofthebookstoresinBeijinghadanycopies（2）.Theyhadallbeensoldassoonastheywereputontheshelves.

【答案】1.None

2.since

【解析】1.語義題。noneof‘沒有...。

2.邏輯分析。Since因為，由于。

22.單選題

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesorsciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld(physicalandbiologicalsciences),andsciencesdealingwithmankind(psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindofhistoricalknowledge).Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.

Inthefirstplace,allthisispureortheoriticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeofunderstanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisessentialandsubstantialtoman.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknowthattheworldexisted.andtheworldwasofacertainkind.thathewasintheworldandthathehimselfwasacertainkind,hewouldn'tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsofknowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalsocontributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyandindependenceofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhaveimmediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscopeisinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-knownexample.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenatureofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectualcuriosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodemelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcelyconceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehumanspiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

1.Intheauthorsopinion,（）.

2.Themostimportantadvancesmadebymancomefrom（）.

3.TheGreekswhostudiedconicsections（）.

4.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmansneedtoknowischieflyimportantinthatit（）.

問題1選項

A.bothsocialandnaturalsciencesareaimedatunderstandingonly

B.bothpureknowledgeanditsapplicationsareequallyessentialtoman

C.philosophyistotallyindependentofthesciencesreferredtointhetext

D.therevolutionaryresultsofpuresciencecanhardlybeimaginedbyUtopians

問題2選項

A.technicalapplications

B.apparentlyuselessinformation

C.thenaturalsciences

D.thestudyofphilosophy

問題3選項

A.inventedmodernmathematicalapplications

B.wereinterestedinnavigations

C.wereunawareofthevalueoftheirstudies

D.wereforcedtoresignthemselvestofailure

問題4選項

A.TheImportanceofTechnicalProgress

B.ALittleLearningIsaDangerousThing

C.LearningForItsOwnSake

D.MansDistinguishingCharacteristics

問題5選項

A.allowsthehumanracetoprogresstechnically

B.comprisesboththephysicalandsocialsciences

C.demonstrateshumanadaptability

D.defineshisessentialhumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“allthisis...substantialtoman.”可知選項A錯誤,社會和自然科學的純理論的目的在于理解,但不是科學本身；根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Thetechnicalaspects...areofthegreatestimportance,”可知選項B正確；根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Apartfromthesesciencesinphilosophyaboutwhichwewilltalkshortly.”選項C說哲學完全獨立于文中提到的科學是不正確的,apartfrom指除...之外,還有...,所以哲學本身也是科學,所以選項C錯誤；根據(jù)第三段“butnotthe...exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.”可知選項D剛好與原文描述的相反,所以錯誤。

2.根據(jù)第三段的第二句“Knowledge...inlargepartunforeseen”追求直接用于應用的知識會帶來立即的可預見的成功,但卻不是那種重大的成功,也就是說人類最重要的成功還是來自于技術的應用。因此,選項A為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)第三段“IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconicsections,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitsomedaybeuseful,itwouldnothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.”可知希臘數(shù)學家們沒有意識到他們研究的價值。選項C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,...soughtdisinterestedly.”,選項C符合原文主旨。

5.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“itisthefoundationforpracticalresultsthatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.”如果人類沒有無私的追求這些理論知識,就沒有取得實際成果的基礎,所以選項A符合原文。

23.單選題

Diamondshavelittle（）valueandtheirpricedependsalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.

問題1選項

A.extinct

B.permanent

C.surplus

D.intrinsic

【答案】D

【解析】extinct滅絕的,絕種的,破滅的;permanent永久的;surplus過剩的,多余的;intrinsic內在的。句意：鉆石本身沒有什么價值,它昂貴的價格主要是因為其稀缺性。

24.單選題

Thereisawidespreadbeliefthattheemergenceofgiantindustrieshasbeenaccompaniedbyanequivalentsurgeinindustrialresearch.Arecentstudyofimportantinventionsmadesincetheturnofthecenturyrevealsthatmorethanhalfweretheproductofindividualinventorsworkingalone,independentoforganizedindustrialresearch.Whileindustriallaboratoriescontributedsuchimportantproductsasnylonandtransistors,independentinventorsdevelopedairconditioning,theautomatictransmission,thejetengine,thehelicopter,insulin,andstreptomycin.Stillotherinventionsweredevelopedthroughthecombinedeffortsofindividualsandlaboratoryteams.

Despitethesefindings,weareurgedtosupportmonopolypoweronthegroundthatsuchpowercreatesanenvironmentsupportiveofinnovation.Wearetoldthattheindependentinventor,alongwiththesmallfirm,cannotaffordtoundertaketheimportantresearchneededtoimproveourstandardoflivingwhileprotectingourdiminishingresources;thatonlythehugeassetsofthegiantcorporationorconglomeratecanaffordthekindofexpendituresthatcanproducethetechnologicaladvancesvitaltoeconomicprogress.Butwhenweexamineexpendituresforresearch,wefindthatmorethanhalfofthisgovernmentexpenditureisfunneledintomilitaryresearchandproductdevelopment.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingordomuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.

Recenthistoryhasdemonstratedthatwemayhavetoalterourlong-standingconceptionoftheprocessdrivenforwardbycompetition.Thepricevariableonceperceivedasthedominantaspectofthecompetitiveprocessisnowsubordinatetothecompetitionofthenewproduct,thenewbusinessstructure,andthenewtechnology.Whileitcanbeassumedthatinahighlycompetitiveindustrynotdominatedbyasinglecorporation,investmentininnovation—ariskyandexpensivebudgetitem—mightmeetresistancefrommanagementandstockholderswhomightbemoreconcernedwithcost-cutting,efficientorganization,andlargeadvertisingbudgets,itwouldbeashockingerrortoassumethatthemonopolisticproducershouldbeequatedwithbountifulexpendituresforresearch.Large-scaleenterprisestendtooperatemorecomfortablyinstableandsecurecircumstances,andtheirmanagerialbureaucraciestendtopromotethestatusandresistthethreatimpliedinchange.Furthermore,thefirmwithasmallshareofthemarketwillaggressivelypursuenewtechniquesanddifferentproducts,sincewithlittleinterestincapitalequipmentorplantitisnotdeterredfrominvestmentininnovation.Insomecaseswhereinter-industrycompetitionisreducedorevenentirelyeliminated,theindustrialgiantsmayseektoavoidcapitallossbydeliberatelypreventingtechnologicalprogress.

Theconglomeratesarenot,however,completelyexemptfromstrongcompetitivepressures;thereareinstancesinwhichthey,too,mustcompete,asagainstanotherindustrialleviathan,andthentheirweaponsmayincludelargeexpendituresoninnovation.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,importantinventionsofthe20thcentury_______.

37.FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthat________.

38.Managementandstockholdersmightbeconcernedwithcost-cuttingratherthaninnovationif________.

39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthetext?

40.Thepurpo