5557新原則大學(xué)英語視據(jù)說教程第三冊(cè)聽力材料文本Unit1ListeninginPassageoneInterviewer:Canyoutellme…h(huán)owdoyouthinkyouhavechangedasyouhavematured?Whatthingshavehadamajorinfluenceonyou?Speaker1:Well,letmethink…Isupposegoingtouniversityhadabigimpactonmylife.Itmadememuchmoreopen-minded.ImetsomanydifferenttypesofpeopletherewithweirdandwonderfulideasanditchangedthewayIseetheworld.I’mmuchmoretolerantnow…Itmademeamoreroundedperson.Interviewer:Great,andhadanyparticularpersonhadacentralroleinformingyourcharacter?Speaker1:Iguessthat’dhavetobemygrandfather.Iwasveryclosetohim,andhetaughtmetostandupformybeliefs.Hewasalwaystellingmeaboutthis…Interviewer:Sowhatpeopleoreventshavehadanimpactonyourlife?Speaker2:Ithinkthattravelingmygapyearmademegrowupandseeboththebeautyoftheworldand,well…justthegenerosityofordinarypeople.ItraveledalotaroundAsiaandyouknow,Ifoundthatinsomeofthepoorestcountries,likeCambodiaandLaos,peoplesharewhateverlittletheyhave,andtheypossessarealjoyforlife.It’sprobablymademealessselfishperson.Interviewer:Interesting…soyouwouldrecommendthatyoungpeopletakeagapyeartodiscoverthemselvesandtheworld?Speaker2:Definitely.ItgivesyouanopportunitytolearnabouttheworldbeyondtheoneyougrewupinandIfounditreally…Interviewer:Couldyoutellmewhatthingsinyourlifehavehadthegreatestinfluenceinformingyourpersonality?eq\o\ac(○,Sp)eaker3:Well…acoupleofyearsagoIwasonarealityTVshowwhereagroupofyoungpeoplealllivedinahousetogether.Eachweeksomeonewasvotedoffbytheaudience.Igotdowntothefinalthree!Isupposebeingontheshowandseeinghowtheothercontestantsbehavedmademerealizehowselfishandspitefulsomepeoplecanbejusttogetwhattheywant.Ialsorealizedit’sbesttojustbeyourselfinlife.Ifyoupretendtobesomeonedifferentpeoplewilleventuallyseethroughthelies.Interviewer:Right…Andhowdidyoufeelwhenyouwereeventuallyvotedoff?Speaker3:Relieved,tobehonestwithyou.Butyouknow,aslightregretthatIdidn’twinbecauseIkindof…Interviewer:Soyoucantellme,whatonethingdoyouthinkthathashadthebiggestimpactonyourlife?Speaker4:Hmm,that’sadifficultquestion.ButIthinkhelpingvictimsofthetsunamiinhadaverygreatimpactonme.I’mhalfThaiandI’djustarrivedinThailandforafamilyChristmasholiday.WhenIheardthenewsIknewIhadtohelp-youcouldn’tnot.Iendedupactingasaninterpreterforagroupofvolunteerdoctors.Itwasanincrediblydifficulttimebutyouknow,eveninthemiddleofsuchahorrifictragedythereisstillahugeamountofgenuinehumankindness.Interviewer:That’samazing!Andhasitchangedthewayyouviewyourfuture…PassagetwoTony:TalkingtoustodayinourLifeChoicesseriesisJoanRobinson,anacademiccounseloratManchesterUniversity.Shegivesadvicetoschoolstudentsonchoosingtherightsubjecttostudyatuniversity.Joan,welcometotheshow.Joan:ThanksTony.Tony:SoJoan,whatdoourlistenersneedtothinkaboutwhenchoosingacourse?It’sahuge,potentiallylife-changingdecision,isn’tit?Joan:Yes.Igenerallygivestudentsadviceintwoareas.Firstly,knowyourself,andsecondly,thinktothefuture.Tony:Whenyousay“knowyourself”whatdoyoumean?Joan:Basically,Imeanevaluateyourownpersonalstrengthsandweaknesses,yourpersonalitytraits（特質(zhì)）andthethingsyoulike.Tony:Isee…Sohowcanourlistenersdothis?Joan:Well,startbyaskingyourselfquestionstohelpreflectonyourlifesofar.Forexample,whatsubjectsareyougoodat?Areyouanorganizedandself-disciplinedperson?Areyouconfidentandoutgoing?Doyoulikeworkingwithothersinateamordoyoupreferworkingalone?Thesekindsofquestionswillhelpyoudiscovermoreaboutyourself.Tony:Soundslikegoodadvice.Howaboutyoursecondpointregardingthefuture?Joan:Well,yourchoiceofmajorsubjectislikelytohaveasignificantimpactonyourfuturecareersoit’simportanttolookintothiscarefully.Irecommendyouchecknotonlywhichacademicsubjectswillhelpyougetintoaparticularareaofwork,butalsolookcarefullyatwhatuniversitiesoffer.Eachuniversityhasitsstrengthssotrytochooseonethatisthebestinyourchosenfield.Findoutwhatlinksthedepartmenthastorelatedindustriesandleadingcompaniesinit.Tony:Goodpoint.NowI’dliketotakesomecallsfromourlisteners.FirstupwehaveJamesontheline.Hi,James!Howcanwehelp?James:Hi.I’minterestedincareerinITandI’dliketoaskJoanwhethershethinksit’sbettertogotoahighlyrespecteduniversity,likeOxford,ortostudysomewherethathasmoreofavocationalfocus?Joan:Well,James,youknowitreallydependsonwhatyouexpecttogetoutofauniversityandhowyouseeyourfuture.BasicallyahandfulofthebrightestgraduatesarepickedfromthetopuniversitiesaroundtheworldtojointheleadingITcompanies.SoI’dsayifyou’reahigh-flyerthenthisistheroutethatmightbeforyou.Butifyouarelookingforamoremainstream（主流）careerthenyoushouldconsideracoursethathelpsyouacquirepractical,transferableskillsthatyoucanuseintheworkplace…andlookatwhichuniversitieshavethebestlevelsofgraduaterecruitmentforthekindofjobyouareaimingfor.James:Isee!Thanksalot.Thatreallyhelpsmeout…UNIT3Listeninginconversation1Lily:Sowhatwasthehighlightofyourtripto(South)Korea?Hugh:Wellthat's…letmesee...it'sgottobegoingtoseeNanta.Lily：WhatonearthisNanta?Hugh：It'sthisamazingliveshow-parttheater-partdance-partmusic.Lily:Soundsreallyinteresting.Butwhy’sitsobrilliant?Hugh:Ithinkit'stheenergyoftheperformers.Alsoithasauniqueconcept.It'samixtureoftraditionalKoreanmusic,percussionanddrums,intoawesternstyleperformanceLily:I'veneverheardofit.HasiteverbeenperformedintheWest?Hugh:Yeah,it'sbeenasell-out.They'vetouredinover30countriessincetheshowbeganin1997.It'sanon-verbalperformancesotherearenolanguagebarriers.That'swhat'smadeitaninternationalsuccess.Lily:Whatelsemakesitsospecialthen?Hugh:Well...theotherthingisthatalltheactiontakesplaceinthekitchen.Youseethesefourchefspreparingthefoodforaweddingreception.Theperformersuseknives,dustbinlidsandvariousotherkitchenutensilstocreateahypnoticsoundtrack.Thefoodliterallyflieseverywhere!It'shilarious.Lily:ThatsoundsquitefunnyImustadmit.Isthereanactualstorythough?Hugh:Ohyes,thereisastory.Thefourchefshavetopreparethemealby6o'clockandtheyalsohavetogivethemanager'snephewcookinglessonstoo,whichaddstothefun.There’sloadsofaudienceparticipationanddespitetherebeingnolanguageinvolvedyougetcompletelyengrossed.It'sreallyquitewacky!Lily:Andwhatabouttheaudience?Isupposetheystartthrowingfoodaround…?Hugh:Notquite!Buttheyaretotallyinvolvedinwhat'sgoingon-everyonelovesit.It'sareallygreatfamilyshow.Infactit'soneofthebestshowsI'veeverseen.Jim,myfriend,sayshetakesallhisvisitors.He'sseenitabouteighttimesandstilllovesit.Lily:Ibetit'spopularwithtouriststhen.Hugh:Wellapparentlyoveramillionforeigntouristsin(South)Koreahaveseentheshowandit'shadarunonBroadwaytoo.ItfirstgotpopularaftertheyappearedattheEdinburghFestival.NowtheyareplanningtotourmorecitiesinAsiawhere(South)Koreanpopularcultureisbecomingincrediblytrendy.Lily：Bythewaywhatdoes“Nanta”mean?Hugh：ItmeansrandomdrumminginKorean.TheEnglishnamefortheshowisCookin’,whichgivesyouaclearerideaofwhatit'sallabout.Lily：You'vegotmeinterestednow.I'llhavetocheckitoutontheinternet.ListeninginConversation2Interviewer:KathyRichardsisaspecialistarttourguide.Kathy-canyoutelluswhattrendsyou'venoticedinrecentyears?Kathy:Well,oneofthebiggestphenomenaI'venoticedisahugeincreaseinvisitorstogalleries-andagrowinginterestinmodernartingeneral.Interviewer:Whatdoyouthinkthereasonisforthat?Kathy:Well,thereareseveralreasons,Ithink.Themostimportantonesarefirstly,thatsomenewcontemporaryartgallerieshaveopenedwhichhavehadalotofpublicity,andsecondlytheyoungergenerationfeelmorecomfortablewithmodernartsothekindofpeoplevisitinggalleriesischanging.Finally,thenewgenerationofgallerieshavebecomedestinationsinthemselves...theytendtobehousedinamazingbuildings.Interviewer:Sowhicharethemostpopularnewgalleries?Kathy:Well,theTateModerninLondonhashadover30millionvisitorssinceitopenedin.Theannualaverageisnowover4.5million.TheMuseumofModernArt,orMoMAinNewYorkisanoldergallery,itwasfoundedin1929buthasbeenrecentlyrenovatedandexpanded.Thisworkwasfinishedinandithadover2.5millionvisitorsinthefirstyearafterreopening.AnotherverysuccessfulnewgalleryistheGuggenheiminBilbaoinSpain.Itopenedin1997andnowgetsaboutamillionvisitorsayear.Interviewer:Thoseareprettyimpressivefigures.MaybethefactthattheTateModernisfreetovisitmighthavesomethingtodowithit?Kathy:It'struethatentrancetothepermanentcollectionisfreebutthenumbersofpeoplevisitingthetemporaryexhibitionarealsohigh-andtheentrancefeeisusuallyabouttenpounds.Interviewer:Doyouhavetopaytogetintotheothergalleriesyoumentioned?Kathy:Ohyes.Youdo.AdmissiontoMoMAis20USdollarsandtheGuggenheiminBilbaocostseighteuros.Interviewer:Dopeoplemindpaying,doyouthink?Kathy:No,Idon'tthinktheydomind.Mostpeoplefeelthefeesarereasonableconsideringtheoutstandingcollectionsofpricelessworksofartthattheygettosee.Interviewer:Youmentionedthatthebuildingsthatartgalleriesareincanbeanattractionthemselvesthesedays...Kathy:Well,yes,theGuggenheimhasliterallyrevitalizedthewholecityandputBilbaoonthetouristmap.It'sgotafuturistic,curvymetallicstructureandpeopleloveit.TheTateModernhashelpedredevelopanoldindustrialareabesidetheRiverThames.Thegalleryitselfisactuallyinsideahuge,old,brickpowerstation.AndMoMAisinterestingasit'sindowntownNewYork.Interviewer:Andwhovisitsthesegalleries?What'stheprofileoftheaverageartlover?Kathy:Well,inthepastmuseumsandgallerieswereseenasappealingtotheoldergeneration.Butinfact,48percentofvisitorstotheTateModernareunder35...UNIT5Listeningin1Todaywe’llfocusontwoaspectsofgroupbehaviour.Firstly,howgroupsdevelop,andsecondly,therolesindividualsplaywithinagroup.It’swidelyacknowledgedthattheperformanceofeffectivegroupsisoftengreaterthanthesumoftheindividualsinthegroup.Thisisduetowhatwecallsynergy-inotherwords,theextraenergyandeffevtivenessthatpeoplecreatewhentheyworktogether.Earlyresearchinthisfieldcarriedoutinthe1930sbyEltonMayodiscoveredsomethingthathecalledthe“Hawthorneeffect”.Theideaisthatwhenindividualknowtheyarepartofastudy,theirproductivityautomaticallyincreasesregardlessofotherfactors,suchashowmuchtimeormoneytheyaregiven,forexample.Theresearchsuggeststhatthingslikepersonalidentity,self-esteemandthesocialcontextinwhichagroupisworkingarereallyveryimportantfactorsinimprovingtheperformanceofindividuals.Ifwemoveontolookatthenatureofgroupsmoreclosely,wefindthatgroupshavenaturalphasesethatcanhelpusunderstandtheireffectiveness.Youhaveprobablyallhadexperienceofworkingwithotherpeopleinagroupthat,atfirsl,wasn,tveryproductive.ThisphenomenonwasstudiedbyTuckmaninthe1960s,andhecreatedamodeltodescribethestagesofagroup.Thefirststageisknownas”Forming”whichiswhenindividualmembersgettoknoweachother.Thisisfollowedby”Storming”whenindividualstarttosharetheirideasandcreativeenergy.Thethirdphaseis”Norming”whereagroupidentitybeginstoform.Thefinalstageis”Performing”whenindividualswithinthegroupworktogether.Anditisatthisstagethatthegroupachievesresults.Understandingthesephasescanhelpusensurethatmembersofagroupworktogethertoovercomeearlyloner.The”Resourceinvestigator”isthegroupmemberwhoisalwayscuriousandexploresnewideasandthe”Monitorevaluator”iscalmandserousandmakesgood,balanceddecisions.The”Teamworker”incontrastisasociallyorientatedandsensitivememberoftheteamwhoisabletoencourageateamspirit.Andthe”Comleter-finisher”isaconscientiousperfectionistwhofollowsthroughonthedetailsandtiesupandlooseends.Tobeeffective,ateamneedstohaveavarietyofmemberswhocanfulfillallthesedifferentroles.Listeningin2TodayI'mreportingfromPhuketinSouthernThailand.Partsoftheislandweredevastatedbythetsunamiin,andover250peoplelosttheirliveshere.I'vecomebacktoseehowonecommunityhasrecovered.HereinthevillageofTheChatChai,therebuildingofthedestroyedhomeshasbeenledbytheinternationalorganazitionHabitatforHumanity.Aboutayearafterthetsunamioccurred,volunteersbeganbuilding36newhomesforlocalfamilies.Onevillager,Somwang,iscertainlyveryhappywiththeresults.Heusedtoliveinasmallhutonhistwosquaremetreplotoflandnearthesea.Thelocalcommunitywantedhimtohaveabiggerhomeanddespitethesmallsizeofhisplotofland,theybuilthimathree-storeyhouse,whichisnowthetallestinthevillage.Ahappyendingtosuchahorrifictragedy.Therebuildingherehasalsohadapositiveeffectonthelocaleconomy,becausetheearthbricksthatwereusedtobuildthehomeswereproducedinKhaoLak,anothertsunamihitisland——allpartofapost-tsunamilivelihooddevelopmentproject.Talkingtopeoplehere,I'vediscoveredthattheprojectnotonlyprovidedthemwithmuchneededshelter,butalsotheprocesshashelpedrebuildaspiritofcommunityamongstthem.Ahostofforeignaswellaslocalvolunteersjoinedtogethertoworkinrebuildingthevillagers'homesandlives,andevenanAmericanTVcelebrityvolunteered.TheprojecthasalsobeenvisitedbyformerUSpresidentJimmyCarter,whoisanactivesupporterofHabitatforHumanity.Heandhiswifeofferoneweekoftheirtimeeveryyeartovolunteeronconstructionprojectsaroundtheworld.It'scertainlyencouragingtoseethestrengthofthehumanspiritandgenerosityofpeoplewhohelpothersintimesofneed.HabitatforHumanityiscontinuingtheirworkinthesouthofThailand,helpingpoorlocalfamiliesandcommunitiestoimprovetheirlives.Their"Save&Bulid"schemeencouragesfamiliestosave30percentofthecostofbuildingorrebuildingtheirhome.Thecharitythenlendsthefamilytherestofthemoneytheyneed,andhelpsinthebuildingoftheirnewhome.It'sthenpaidforinmonthlyrepaymentsofunder＄30,whichsupportsthosewhowanttobuildabetterlifeforthemselves.ThisisMarianneHarperreportingfromSouthernThailand...Uint9ListeninginPart1OK,soalittletest.Coca-Cola...Nike...ferrari.Think!WhatimagedidyougetasIsaidtheseveryfamousbrandnames?Waitamoment.There’snorealneedtoanswer,isthere,becauseweknow,moreorless,don’twe?Coca-Cola—thatdeliciousfizzydrink,icecold,onasummer’sday.Nike,runningshoesforstrong,beautifulbodies.Ferrari—anattractive,powerfulcarforattractive,powerfulpeople.Thefact,thenames,thebrandnamessayitall.what’sinabrandname?Ideally,everything!Everythingthemanufacturerwantsyoutothinkofwhenyouhearthename.that’scertainlywhatbothcustomers’exeprienceandresearchtellsus.it’sthereasonswhymanufacturersattachsuchimportancetochoosingtherightnamefortheirproducts.Let’shavealookatsomeofthequalitiesagoodbrandnameshouldhave.Firstly,itshouldbesimpleandeasytoremember.ImagineifCoca-Colahadbeennamd“Cocafantaslicola”.It’sjusttoolong!Or,takeothername—starbucks,thenameofafamouscoffeeshop.now,that’saneasynametoremember,starbucks.Secondpoint,thebrandnameshouldbedifferent,unique,somethingyoucan’tconfusewithanythingelse.LikeCoca-Cola.Or—let’stakeanotherfamousbrandname—Microsoft.Itcombinestwowords,micro,meaningverysmall,andthewordsoft.Twowordsthattogethermakeauniquename—Microsoft.Thirdly,ifthewordisarealword,itshouldbestrong,positiveassociations.TakethenameAlfaRomeo,AlfaisthefirstletteroftheGreekalphabetandhastheassociationofthebestorthestrongest.RomeoisthenameofthemostromanticloversofallinafamousShakespeareplay.AlfaRomeo—strong,romantic.Thewordshavegreatassociation,don’tthey?Forthpoint,thesoundofthenameisveryimportant.takeFerrari.Thewordhasalongvowelsound—“aaari”—thatmakesitsoundluxurious.SoFerrarimustbealuxuriouscar.HowaboutCoca-Cola?It’sgotasharp,fizzysound,justlikethedrink.So—allthesethingsarewhatyoushouldbelookingforwhenchoosingabrandname—somethingsimple,memorable,unique,withpositiveassociationandagreatsound.whew!It’snoteasy,isit,tochooseanamethatdoesallthosethings?Buttheverybestbrandnamesdoexactlythat.Part2Interviewer:Clare,tellmeaboutthenamesinyourfamily.Yousaysomeofthemhavequiteaninterestinghistory.Clare:Yes,theydo.Well,ok,I’llbeginwithmyownname.MymaidennamewasHabibis,butI’mmarriedandmyname’sClareThompson.Interviewer:Thompson.Clare:Yes.Idon’tknowmuchaboutthenamesormyhusband’ssideofthefamily,soI’lltalkaboutmyowninstead…OK,so…myfullname’sClareElsieThompson.“Elsie”ismymiddlename,whichusedtobeaveryold-fashionedname.infact,it’sjustcomebackintofashion-Imetsomeonewhocalledtheirbaby”Elsie”-butwhenIwasyoungeritwasthekindofnamethatmadepeoplelaughandIhatedit..Anyway,myparentswantedtonamemeaftermygrandmother,whosenamewasElsieClare,sotheirfirstideawastocallmeElsieClare.Interviewer:ElsieClare!Clare:Yes,butwhentheytoldmygrandmother,shewashorrified,andsaid,“youcan’tdothattothechild,I’vehadtoputupwithElsieallmylife,Idon’twanthertohaveto”.SotheycalledmeClareElsieinstead.Interviewer:Soundsbetter!Clare:Yes…Myfather’ssurnameisHabibis.Mymum’sEnglishbuthewasGreek,sothatwasthenameIgrewupwith.ButHabibisisn’taGreekname.It’saMiddleEasternnameandmeans“l(fā)ovedone”inArabic.Interviewer:Really?Clare:Yes,andthereasonforthesurname,wediscovered,isthatmygreat-grandfatheronmyfather’ssidelivedinLebanon—therewasawell-establishedGreekcommunitythere.Andmygreat-grandfatherwasaverysociable,friendlykindofpersonandeveryonelikedhimalotsotheygavehimthename,“Habibi”,whichmeans“l(fā)ovedone”Interviewer:Ah,that’slovely!Clare:Yes,Idolikethatstory.Butmyfatherhadagreatfirstnametoo.HewascalledHomer,aftertheAncientGreekpoet.Interviewer:TheEnglishwouldseethatasaveryunusualname,butIsupposetheGreekswouldn’t,wouldthey?Clare:No,Idon’tthinkso.ButoneofhisbrotherswascalledMitton.Interviewer:Mitton,the17thcenturyEnglishpoet?Clare:Yes.Andyouwouldn’tthinkthataGreekfamilywouldcalltheirsonafteranEnglishpoet,wouldyou?Buttheydid!Unit10InsideviewConversation1Andy:Sotoday,we'remeanttobemeetingawomanwhodoeswalkingtoursaroundmysteriousLondon.Janet:What'sthatabout?Joe:Aha!That'swhatwe'regoingtofindout.Apparently,shetakesvisitorsroundthemysterioussightsofLondon.Anyway,askheryourself!Janet:Whyme?Andy:Weweregoingtoaskyou,Janet,ifyouliketodotheinterview？Janet:Me?ButIdon'tknowanythingaboutLondon!Andy:Whichmakesyouaperfectpersontoasksomerealquestions.Janet:Idon'tbelieveit.Joe:Andifyou'reanygood,we'lluploadyourinterviewnextweek.Janet:I'mnotsurewhattosay.It'sgreatbutareyouabsolutelysureyouthinkI'mOKforthis?Joe:Toolate,hereshecomes.Hi,thisisJanet……Janet:Emma,tellusaboutsomeofthelegendarycharactersinLondon.Emma:Well,legendarycharactersmightbecompletemythsortheymayhaveactuallyexisted.Forexample,mostpeoplebelievethatthefamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesmusthaveexisted.Butinfact,weknowhecan'thaveexisted.Janet:AndwhataboutGuyFawkes?Emma:Yes,GuyFawkesdidactuallyexistandhetriedtoblowuptheHousesofParliament.ButwecelebratehimeveryyearonGuyFawkesNightevery5thofNovember,andinfact,he'sconsideredtobeoneofthemostpopularpeopleinBritishhistory!Janet:AndI'veheardsomethingaboutDickWhittingtonandhiscat?。Emma:DickWhittingtonissaidtohavecometoLondonwithhiscattoseekhisfortune.DickWhittingtondidexist,buttherealstoryisprobablydifferentfromthemyths.It'struethattherewasaRichardWhittingtonwhobecameLordMayorfourtimes.Hemighthaveexisted,butwehavenoproofthathehadacat.Janet:When'sthenextwalkingtourandwhereareyougoing?Emma:Well,thenextoneisatouroftheghostsofLondon.WhynotcomealongnextMondayandsee?Janet:Andwhatotherplacesdoyouvisit?Emma:Wedoagorgeoustour……Conversation2Andy:Welldone,Janet!Thatwasagreatinterview.Joe:Waytogo,Janet.Knockout.Janet:Thankyou.AfterawhileIforgetaboutthemicrophone.Joe:Andyourquestionsweregood.Andy:Smartthinking!That'sthewaytodoit,andwe'vegotagreatinterview.Let'shearitforJanet.Joe:Right!Goodforyou,Janet.You'reagenius.Janet:Thankyousomuchforyourhelp.Andy:Don'tmentionit.Janet:Icouldn'thavedoneitwithoutyou.Joe:Nonsense.You'reanatural.Andy:Sowhathaveyoulikedbestsofaraboutworkingwithus?Janet:Somanythings,Idon'tknow.IlovethetimewespentintheWestEnd.{Andy:Canyouhearmenow?Janet:Ouch!Yes,that'smuchlouder.}Janet:AndwehadagreatmealinChinatown.Andy:Wecertainlydid.{mou:Now,areyouhungry?Howaboutsomedimsumandcrispyroastduck?Janet:Soundsgreat!I'mstarving.Thanks!}Janet:Shakespeare'sGlobe.Ifoundthatquite...moving,tobesoclosetowhereShakespeareworked.Joe:It'sextraordinary,Iagree.{Joe:Actually,thestrangestthingiswhenyou'rewatchingRomeoandJulietin16thcenturyVerona,andsuddenly,there'saplanepassingover.Janet:That'sextraordinary!Joe:Yes,blowsmeaway.}Janet:AndIlovedtheScienceNight.Itwassuchfun.Andy:Thefloorwashard!Icouldn'tsleep.Janet:True.{Andy:Thefirstthingyouhavetodoisgohomeandgetyoursleepingbag.Janet:Sowereallygonnastaythenightwiththechildren.Andy:You'vegotit.It'sgonnabegreatfun.}Janet:AndCamdenLock.....Joe:Wehadagreattimethere.{Joe:It'saverytrendykindofplace.Janet:Andit'sgotclothesandjewelleryand...Andy:Theysellprettywelleverythinghere}Janet:Itwasgreat.WhatIreallylikedwaswalkingalongtheriveraroundwhereyoulived...ThanksAndy.Sowhat'snext?Joe:Ithinkweallneedabreak!OutsideviewImageourearliestancestorstellingstoriesaroundthefire.Inancienttimesstorytellerscarriedwiththemtheknowledgeofasociety’spast.Theybroughtnewsaboutwhatwasgoingoninthepresent,andtheyrelatedstoriesaboutthegreatheroesandleadersoftheircultures.Andatalltimesinhumanhistory,fromtheancientpastupuntilthepresent,mischievousstorytellershavecreatedfantastictalessimplytotrickpeopleintobelievingtheyaretrue.Whenthestoryistold,someonewhobelievesittellsittoafriendfullyconvincedthatitactuallyhappened.Andthestoryspreadsandspreads.Awomanmyfriendknowshadababythatwentblindafterhegotsunscreeninhiseyes.That’sterrible!Oh,thepoorbaby!Amaninourtowndiedafterhe’deatenbananasthatcontainedadeadlybacteria.Deadlybacteria?No!Allofthesestoriessoundbizarreandterrifying,yetnoneofthemistrue.Theyareallurbanlegends—storiesthataretoldtotrickpeopleintobelievingtheyaretrue.Urbanlegendsareatypeofhoax.Hoaxesareelaboratetricksdesignedtofoolpeople.Ahoaxmayemployobjectsorpicturestomakethestorymorebelievable.ProbablythemostfamousscientifichoaxwasstartedbyamaninEngland.Healteredanumberofbonesandfossilsandthenburiedthem.CharlesDawsonfoundthemandclaimedtohavefoundthemissinglink—afossilthatprovedthathumansdescendedfromapes.ThesefossilswerecalledPiltdownMan.For40years,manypeoplebelievedPiltdownManreallywasthemissinglink.Butintheend,scientistsdeterminedthatthePiltdownManhadbeencreated,usingtheskullsofmedievalhumans,thejawofanorang-utan,thetoothofahippopotamus,and,thecaninetoothofanearlychimpanzee.It’sstillnotcertainwhocreatedPiltdownMan,butitwasoneofthemostfamoushoaxesever.WouldyoubelieveinPiltdownMan?Maybe,maybenot.Let’sseehowgoodyouareatdetectingthetruth.I’mgoingtotellyoutwostories.Onestoryisbasedonafamoushoax.Theotheractuallyhappened.Afterwatchingbothstories,youdecidewhichoneistrue.Ready?StoryNumberOne“Gravityreduction”.ThishasbeenanaeronauticsandspacereportpresentedbyNASA.ScientistatNASApredictedthatNeptunewouldpassinfrontofUranus.UsingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,theydeterminedthatwhentheplanetswerealignedinthisway,thepullontheearthwouldbemorepowerfulenoughtodiminishtheforceofgravity.Theypredictedthatifyoujumpedintheairatthatmoment,youwouldfeelasifyouwerefloating.Now,areyoureadyforstoryNumberTow?“Noah’sArkfound”.EveryoneknowsthestoryofNoah’sArk.Infact,threeofthemajorworldreligions—Christianity,Judaism,andIslam—allsharesthestorythattheworldwasdestroyedbyaflood.OnlyNoahandthoseaboardtheArkweresavedwhentheylandedontopofMountAraratinTurkey.But,diditreallyhappen?Newsatellitepicturesofthemountainshowanobject.ItisbelievedtobetheremainsofNoah’sArk.Whichstoryistrue?Ourgravityreductionstoryisbasedonafamoushoax.OnAprilFool’sDayin1976,Britishastronomerandchildren’sbookauthorPatrickMooreannouncedontheradiot