小升初英語復習要點歸納一、名詞表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。強調：不可數名詞都默認為單數，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據some、any>alotof等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導。1、可數名詞如何變“復數形式”：一般情況下，直接力口-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；讀音：清輔音后讀，濁輔音和元音后讀⑵。以s.x.sh.ch結尾，力口-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；讀音：[iz]0c.以''輔音字母+y”結尾，變y為i,再加-es,如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；讀音：[z]0d.以"f或fe"結尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es,如：knife-knives,thief-thieves；讀音：⑵。e.以結尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的+es讀音：⑵如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2）無生命的+s讀音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radiosf.不規則名詞復數：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可數名詞沒有復數。如果要計算不可數名詞所表達的數量，就得在數詞和不可數名詞之間加上“量詞+of'。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判斷步驟：/如是am、is或was一原形讀句子一讀該單詞一認識該單詞一理解意思一看be動詞、如是are或were一力口s或es練一練:1、寫出下列各詞的復數。Ihimthisherwatchmangochildphotodiarydayfootdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrythiefengineerpeachsandwichmanwomanleafpeople2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。Aretheretwo(box)onthetable?Icanseesome(people)inthecinema.Howmany(day)arethereinaweek?Here'refive(bottle)of(juice)foryou.This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.二、冠詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞"和''定冠詞"兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數名詞前，表示“一個，一件 an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。如:ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour...2、定冠詞：the。用在單數或者復數名詞前。the沒有具體意思，有時翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：(1)用來表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：Them叩onthewallisnew.(2)表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Lookatthepicture,please.(3)表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.(4)用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：thesun太陽themoon月亮theearth地球(5)用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如：theGreatWall長城(6)用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：theChangjiangRiver長江(7)此外，序數詞、形容詞最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass確定用a、an還是the時可根據漢語意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空。"U"ice-creamgoalkeeperteapot appleofficeEnglishbookumbrella unit hour2、根據需要，填寫冠詞a,an或the。Whoisgirlbehindtree?oldmanhastwochildren,sonanddaughter.Thisisorange.orangeisLucy's.Helikesplayingguitar.Wehavesamehobby.WeallhadgoodtimelastSunday.Shewantstobedoctor.三，數詞我們學過兩類：基數詞和序數詞。基數用于表示數量多少，而基數詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現。區別：基數詞前面沒有“the”；序數詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數需要在個位和十位之間加上如：21twenty-one2、三位數以上的則需要在百位數后再加上and。如：101a/onehundredandone3、用基數詞來修飾可數名詞時，一定別忘了它的復數形式。如：十八個男孩eighteenboys4、用基數詞修飾不可數名詞時，如是復數，變它的量詞為復數。如：兩碗米飯twobowlsofrice5、序數詞一般加"th”,特殊的有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…”第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數詞。如：88eighty-eighth練一練：1、請翻譯下列短語。60名學生15本英語書(3)九杯涼水4個孩子12月316月2日(7)第九周40年前11+7(10)上學第一天2、把下列基數詞改成序數詞。one——two——three---nine一fourteen- twenty- thirty-five---eighty-one四、代詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復數之分。2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動詞前(疑問句除外)；賓格在句中做賓語，多用于動詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。請牢記下表:二、代詞人稱代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞（短）名詞性物主代詞（長）我Imemymine你youyouyouryours他hehimhishis她sheherherhers我們weUSourours你們youyouyouryours他們theythemtheirtheirs口訣：主格應該作主語，放在句子的開頭；賓格應該作賓語，放在動詞介詞后；形容詞性的物主代詞不能單獨用，必須接名詞或其他詞；名詞性的物主代詞，單獨使用就可以。1、按要求寫出相應人稱代詞。I(賓格)she(形容詞性物主代詞)we(名詞性物主代詞)he(復數)us(單數) theirs(主格)its(賓格)2、用所給詞的適當形式填空。Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig.(I)Thedressis.Giveitto.(she)Isthiswatch?(you)No,it'snot.(I)ismyisJack.Look!Thosestampsare.(he)dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare?(you)Showyourkite,OK?(they)IhaveabeautifulisMimi.Thesecakesare .(it)Arethesetickets?No,arenot.aren'there.(they)Shallhavealookatthatclassroom?Thatisclassroom.(we)ismyaunt.Doyouknowjob?isanurse.(she)Whereare?Ican'tfind.Let'scallparents.(they))Don'ttouch.isnotacat,isatiger!(it)sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee.(she)Thegirlbehindisourfriend.(she)五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er最高級：the…+est兩個重要特征：as as中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規則變化如下：一般直接+er。如：tall-taller,fast-faster單音節詞如果以-e結尾,只加-r。如：late-later(2)重讀閉音節詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須雙寫這個字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter(3)以輔音字母加-y結尾的詞，變y為i,再加-er。如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier(4)雙音節和多音節詞的比較級應在原級前加more構成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting(5)有些不規則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well-better,bad/ill-worse,many/much-more,far—farther/further,old-older/elder...練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。biggoodlongtalloldshortthinheavyyoungfatlightstronghighfarlowearlylatewellfastslow2、用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。Icanswimas(fast)asthefish,Ithink.Look!Hishandsare(big)thanmine.Ithinkyoudothesethings(well)thanyourclassmates.Whosebagis(heavy),yoursormine?DoesJimrunas(slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns(slow)thanthem.Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.Ijump(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.I'mvery(thin),butshe's(thin)thanme.Itgetsand(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,from...to...,atthebackof...2、表示時間的介詞有：at,on,in。(1)at表示“在某一個具體的時間點上“，或用在固定詞組中。如：atteno'clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,attheweekend...(2)on表示“在某日或某日的時間段如：onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning...(3)in表示“在某一段時間(月份、季節)里”。如：intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in2005...3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：inblue(穿著藍色的衣服)，inEnglish(用英語表達)，takepartin(參加)。練一練:1、選用括號內恰當的介詞填空。What'sthis(at,on,in)English?Christmasis(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.Theman(with,on,in)blackisSuHai'sfather.Hedoesn'tdowell(at,on,in)PE.Lookatthosebirds(on,in)thetree.Wearegoingtomeet(at,on,in)thebusstop(at,on,in)halfpastten.Isthereacat(under,behind,in)thedoor?Helen'swritingpaperis(in,infrontof)hercomputer.Welive(at,on,in)anewhousenow.Doesitoftenrain(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當的介詞，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。JimisgoodinEnglishandMaths.Thefilmswereinthegroundjustnow.Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.HowmanystudentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?Women'sDayisatthethirdofMarch. 6)Icanjogtoschoolonthemorning.Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?CanyoucomeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、動詞這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量詞）“（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通,一般認為是名詞；說不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動詞。（目前我們學過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數詞、情態動詞等一下就可以知道）1、be動詞(am,is,are,was,were)1)am-was,is-was,are-were口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有復數全用are02)肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren't.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn't.be動詞的否定形式：amnot(沒有縮寫形式)，arenot=aren't,isnot=isn'to用恰當的be動詞填空。練一練：1、用be動詞的適當形式填空。Iaboy.youaboy?No,Inot.ThegirlJack'ssister.Thedogtallandfat.Themanwithbigeyesateacher.yourbrotherintheclassroom?Howyourfather?MikeandLiuTaoatschool.Whosedressthis?Whosesocksthey?WhoI?Thejeansonthedesk.)Hereascarfforyou.)Heresomesweatersforyou.TheblackglovesforSuYang.)ThispairofglovesforYangLing.)Thetwocupsofmilkforme.)Someteaintheglass.)Gaoshan'sshirtoverthere.Mysister'snameNancy.DavidandHelenfromEngland?Thereagirlintheroom.)Theresomeapplesonthetree.)thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?Theresomebreadontheplate.You,heandIfromChina.Thereaboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2^助動詞(do,does,did)do,does用于一般現在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：donot=don't,doesnot=doesn't,didnot=didn'to注意：在一般現在時中，does用于第三人稱單數，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do,does,did后面一定要用動詞原形。練一練1、用適當的助動詞填空。1)youlikethismagazine?Thegirllikebreadforbreakfast.一Whatsheattheweekends?一Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.---WhayoudolastSunday?---1wrotetomyfriend.一DidyouseeaBeijingopera?一No,I.HenotvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.Theynotlikeplayingvolleyball.---JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he.HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?一Howmanykiteswehave?一Wehaveten.3、情態動詞情態動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現在同一個句子中。我們現在學過的情態動詞有:can^could>shall>should>will、would>may>might、musto注意：情態動詞后動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)其否定形式:cannot=can't,mustnot=mustn't,…注意:maynot和shallnot(無縮寫形式)練一練：選擇填空。( )1)Thesignonthewallmeansyoustayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can'tC.shouldn't( )2)Howmanybooksyouseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should( )3)Itmeansyoumakenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB?shouldn'tC.can( )4)―youlikeaglassofmilk?—Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would( )5)一youseethesignoverthere?一Sorry,Ican't.A.CanB.Can'tC.Should( )6)wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall4、行為動詞就是我們平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep>live等。行為動詞我們已學過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數+s/es、現在分詞(也叫動名詞)+ing、過去式+ed。(1)動詞第三人稱單數變化規則：A、一般直接加"s",如:play-plays,visit-visits,speak-speaks；B、以"sB"x","sh"，"ch"結尾時，加"es”,如：catch-catches,watch-watches；C、以“輔音字母+y”結尾時，變"y"為以'再加“es”,如：carry-carries,study-studies。(2)現在分詞(動名詞)構成規則：A、一般直接加"ing"，如:go-going,do-doing,look-looking；B、以不發音的“e"結尾的單詞,去"e"加"ing”,如;take-taking,make-making,have-having；C、以重讀閉音節結尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”，如：put-putting,stop-stopping,run-running,get-getting,swim-swimming,sit-sitting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting。(3)過去式構成規則：A、一般直接加"ed”,如：plant-planted,visit-visited,pick-picked；B、以不發音字母“e"結尾，直接加“ed"，如：like-liked,hope-hoped,taste-tasted；C、以“輔音字母+y”結尾時，變y為"i”再加“ed"，如：try-tried,carry-carried,study-studied；D、有些動詞要雙寫最后一個字母，再加“ed"，如:stop-stopped；E、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規則的，請記憶：是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was,were-being；成為-become-became-becoming； 開始-begin-began-beginning； 彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could ；捕捉-catch-caught-catching；選擇-choose-chose-choosing；來-come-came-coming；W-cut-cut-cutting；做-do,does-did-doing；Ei-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺-feel-felt-feeling；發現-find-fbund-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘t己-fbrget-forgot-forgetting；得至ij-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成長-grow-grew-growing；W-have,has-had-having；RJf-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學習-leam-leamed,leamt-leaming；允許，ik-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning：會見-meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；說-say-said-saying；看見-see-saw-seeing；將-shalLshould----；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping；說-speak-spoke-speaking；度過-spend-spent-spending。5.使役動詞：have,make,let后面直接用動詞原形。如：Letmehelpyou.MothermadeJimstayathomeallday..主語是he,she,it,either,neither,each,anything,something,everything,nothing,someone,everyone,anyone,nobody,noone,等代詞時，謂語動詞用單數。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人在找你。Everyoneishere.大家都來了。Eachoftheboyshasanapple..表示總稱意義的名詞people,cattle,police做主語時，謂語動詞用復數。Cattlearefarmer'sfriends.Thepolicemanisstandingatthestreetcorner.Thepolicearesearchingforhim..主語是：時間，距離，價格等名詞，即使是復數形式，謂語動詞只用單數。Threeyearspassesquickly.Twometersisnotlongenough..主語是：clothes,glasses,trousers,shoes,socks,gloves等名詞時，謂語動詞用復數。Thetrousersarenotexpensive.Yoursocksareoverthere..主語是：family,class,team,group等名詞時，如果是作為整體,謂語動詞用單數；如果作為其中一個個的成員，謂語動詞用復數。Ourclassismadeupoftenstudents.Ourclassareworkingveryhard..主語是thenumberof+名詞復數時，表示……的數目，謂語動詞用單數。但是主語是anumberof+名詞復數時，表示許多，謂語動詞用復數。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolislarge.AnumberofstudentsinourschoolarefromAmerica..and連接的兩個成對的名詞：forkandknife,breadandbutter,coffeeandwater等，表示單一的概念，故謂語動詞用單數Whereisyoueforkandknife?Breadandbutterisadailyfoodinthewest..and連接的兩個名詞若是指同一個人，謂語動詞用單數。Theteacherandwriterismyuncle.Theteacherandthewriterarecomingtousnow..and連接的兩個名詞前分別有every,each,manya修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysthemselvesintheschool.Manyateacherandmanyastudenthasspokenatthemeeting..主語是：manya+名詞單數；a+名詞單數+ortwo,謂語動詞用單數。ManyastudentisinterestedinEnglish.很多學生對英語感興趣。Aworkerortwoisgoingtobesenttoworkabroad.一兩個工人將被派往國外去工作。.主語是：oneortwo+名詞復數，謂語動詞用復數。Oneortwospellingmistakeshavebeenfoundinyourcomposition..OneandahaH+名詞復數做主語，謂語動詞用單數。Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable..either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso…等連接名詞作主語時，謂語動詞遵循就近原則。Neitheryounorheisright..主語是：介詞with,togetherwith,except,besides,aswellas,but等連接的兩個名詞時，謂語動詞的形式應與介詞前面的名詞的數保持一致。Theteacherwithhisstudentsisdiscussingaquestion.老師和學

生們在討論問題。Nothingbutcarsissoldintheshop.練一練：1、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數。drinkgo staymakelookhavepasscarry comewatchplant flystudybrush doteachtakesee2、寫出下列動詞的現在分詞。put give fly get dancesit runplanttake swimaskstoptakewritehave smokethinkwanttell3、寫出下列動詞的過去式。is\amflyplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryask taste eatdrawputthrowkickpassdo4、用動詞的適當形式填空。(1)1toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroftentoschoolwithme.Yesterdaywetoschooltogether.Weliketoschoolverymuch.(go)Theyusuallylunchathome.Butlastweek,theylunchatschool.(have)ThatmyEnglishbook.Itnew.Butnowitnothere.Itthereamomentago.(be)Mysisterlikesverymuch.Sheoftenatourschoolfestival.Lastterm,shealotofsongsintheschoolhall.Shebeautifully.(sing)WhatheusuallyonSunday?Heusuallyhishomework.Look!Hehishomeworknow.hehishomeworklastSunday?Yes,he.(do)DopeopleusuallymooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.DidyoumooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.Ialotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)八、there/herebe結構1>therebe結構表示“某時、某地存在著什么事物或人"，包括thereis、thereare>therewas>therewere0herebe結構與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。2、和have、has^had的區別：(1)Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)；而have、has、had表示：某人擁有某物。(2)在therebe句型中，主語是單數，be動詞用is；主語是復數，be動詞用are；如有兒件物品，be動詞根據最近be動詞的那個名詞決定——“就近原則”。(3)therebe句型的否定句在be動詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動詞調到句首。(4)therebe句型與have(has)的區別：therebe表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人擁有某物。(5)some和any在therebe句型中的運用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑問句。(6)and和or在therebe句型中的運用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問句。(7)針對數量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是：Howmany+名詞復數+arethere+介詞短語？Howmuch+不可數名詞+isthere+介詞短語？(8)針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是：What's+介詞短語？(9)Therebe結構一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個主語后面。練一練:1、用恰當的be動詞填空。Therefourseasonsinayear.Therenotanytreestwoyearsago.一thereapostofficenearyourschool?-Yes,there.一Howmanystopsthere?-Thereonlyone.Therenotanystampsontheenvelope.thereanybirdsinthetree?Thereashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowtherenoone.Thereonlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.Heresomebreadforyou.InNewYork,therealotofraininspring.2^選用“have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere”填空。1)Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.2)atelescopeonthedesk.Heatape-recorder.abasketballintheplayground.Theyanicegarden.Myfatherastory-booklastyear.areading-roominthebuilding?WhatdoesMike?9)anybooksinthebookcase?Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?astory-bookonthetableamomentago.Whatdoyou?Myparentssomenicepictures.somemapsonthewall. amapoftheworldonthewall.David'sfriendssometents.17)manychildrenonthehill.九、some,any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑問句。請注意看例句后擴號中說明的用法。例：Thereissomewaterintheglass.（肯定句）Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.（肯定句）Therearen'tanylampsinthestudy.（否定句）Arethereanymapsonthewall?（一般疑問句）Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?（希望得到肯定回答）Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?（一般疑問句）練一練：選用some或any填空。Thereisn'tmilkinthefridge.Icanseecars,butIcan'tseebuses.HehasfriendsinEngland.Weretherefruittreesonthefarm?Herearepresentsforyou.DoesTomwanttotakephotos?Istherericeinthekitchen?Therearenewbuildingsinourschool.Wouldyoulikecakes? No,I'dnotlikecakes,butI'dlikecoffee.Aretherepicturesonthewall? No,therearen,tpictures.十、動詞不定式1、to加動詞原形構成一種非謂語形式，在這里不是介詞，無詞義。如：IwanttomakeaNewYearcard. 我想制作一張新年賀卡。Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus? 你愿意和我們一起去野餐嗎？2、to保留原來動詞的一些特征，它可以帶自己的賓語和狀語等。如：Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一點到那兒，你可以坐5路車。3、to前有時帶疑問詞what,when,where,which,why,how等。如：He'saskingYangLinghowtogetthere. 他正在問楊玲怎樣到達那里。總而言之，一定要記住：to后面用動詞原形。練一練：1、用擴號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。Peoplewouldlike(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.It'stime(have)lunchIwant(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.Thethiefbegan(run).Pleaseshouwmehow(go)totheshoppingcentre.Wouldyoulike(join)us?Don'tforget(write)“HappyNewYear”.Shewasveryglad(see)them.Pleaseremember(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.Tmsorry(hear)that.2、圈出下列句子中的錯誤，并改正。Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?Helen,showuxhowdrawingasquare.Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.It'stimeforusgotoschool.LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter'sphotostohismum.H^一1、動名詞其實就是動詞的“現在分詞它既有“名詞性質”（可作主語），又具有動詞性質（可帶賓語）。如：Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.還有我們的一些課題：Askingtheway中是“名詞性質”；Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是“動詞性質”，帶了賓語stamps.1、remember（記住）后面跟動名詞，表示“記得做過某事“；跟to+動詞原形，表示“記得要去做某事如：Irememberpostingthelettertoday. 我記得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday. 請記住今天要把信寄走。2、forget（忘記）后面跟動名詞，表示“忘記做過某事（實際做過）”；跟to+動詞原形，表示“忘記去做某事（實際沒做）:如：Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning. 我忘記今天早上做過作業了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning. 我忘記今天早上做作業了。3、stop（停止）后面跟動名詞，表示“停止做某事"；跟t。+動詞原形,表示“停止正在做的事，而去做別的事”。如:Stopsmoking,please.請不要吸煙。Wearetired.Let'sstoptohavearest.我們累了，讓我們停下來休息一下。4、like(喜歡)后面跟動名詞，表示一個人的愛好和習慣，意思是“喜歡干某事“；跟to+動詞原形，常用于wouldliketodosomething,表示“某人想要、愿意干某事如：Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday. 我喜歡每天晚飯后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips. 我想要吃些薯條。練一練：1、用擴號內所給動詞的適當形式填空。(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.It'ssunnytoday.Let'sgo(fish).Doyoulike(read)Englishinthemorning?Areyougoodat(dance)?Whereisthe(shop)centre?Wouldyouliketogo(jog)withme?Myhobbyis(play)football.SuHailikes(watch)cartoonsonSundays.2、選擇擴號內動詞的適當形式填空。Pmsorry(hearing,tohear)that.Jimisgoodat(swimming,toswim).Shallwego(skating,toskate)?Today,myworkis(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.I'mgoing(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.Ilike(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.Wouldyoulike(going,togo)totheGreatWall?JimisaskingLiuTaohow(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.十二、疑問詞whatwhowhosewhichwherewhenwhyhow"Wh」'questions:Whatareyoudoing?Whatcolourisit?Whattimeisit?What'sthetime?Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Who'sthemanwithabignose?Whosebagisit?Whenisyourbirthday?Whereismyballpen?Whydoyoulikesummer?Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Howoldistheyoungman?Howmuchisthetoybear?Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?十三、時態(―)一般現在時，通常用"usually,often,everyday,sometimes”o.一般現在時表示經常或習慣性的動作，也可表示現在的狀態或主語具備的性格和能力。.一般現在時中，沒有be動詞和情態動詞，主語為第三人稱單數的肯定句，動詞要按規則加上s,主語是非第三人稱單數的肯定句，動詞用原形。.在一般現在時中，句中有be動詞或情態動詞時，否定句在be動詞和情態動詞后加not,一般疑問句將be動詞或情態動詞放在句首。.在一般現在時中，句中沒有be動詞或情態動詞時，主語為第三人稱單數的否定句在動詞前加does+not(doesnt),一般疑問句在句首加does,句子中原有動詞用原形;主語為非第三人稱單數,否定句用do+not(dont),一般疑問句在句首加do,句子中動詞用原形。動詞+s的變化規則.一般情況下，直接加-S,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks.以s.x.sh.ch.o結尾，加一es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes.以"輔音字田+y"結尾，變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies(二)現在進行時bedoing,通常用"Look!""now"..現在進行時表示現在正在進行或發生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。.現在進行時的肯定句基本結構為be+動詞ing..現在進行時的否定句在be后加not。.現在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調到句首。動詞加ing的變化規則.一般情況下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking.以不發音的e結尾,去e加ing,如：make-making,taste-tasting.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping（三）一般將來時begoingto.begoingto表示將要發生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。.肯定句：begoingto+動詞原形，如：Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.否定句：benotgoingto+動詞原形，如：Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.一般疑問句：把be動詞調到句首，如：IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+be+主語+goingto+動詞原形？如：WhatisJimgoingtodo?疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+be+goingto+動詞原形？如：Whoisgoingtoplayfootball?will.表示將要發生的事。.肯定句：Iwillgotothezootomorrow.否定句：Iwillnot(won't)gotothezootomorrow.一般疑問句：Willyougotothezootomorrow?特殊疑問句：Whowillgotothezootomorrow?Wherewillyougotomorrow?Whenwillyougotothezoo?(四)一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經常或反復發生的動作。Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過去時中變為was。(wasnot=wasn't)⑵are在一般過去時中變為were。(werenot=weren't)(3)帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子否定句：didn't+動詞原形，如：Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句：在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句：⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑問詞當主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday?動詞過去式變化規則：.一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked.結尾是e加d,如：taste-tasted.末尾只有一個元音字田和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如：stop-stopped.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的，變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied5.不規則動詞過去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat十四、祈使句.祈使句的定義祈使句是用來發出命令或指示，提出要求、建議、勸告等的句子。祈使句的第二人稱主語you通常不表示出來，而是以動詞原形開頭。例如：Becareful.小心。Haveacoffee,please.請喝杯咖啡。Don'tworry.不要擔心。.祈使句的主語(1)省略第二人稱的主語Lookout!There'sacarcoming.小心！有車來了。Don'ttouchme.別碰我。(2)祈使句如需要強調對方時，亦可把you說出來。Youbequiet!你們安靜！Don'tyouopenthedoor.你不要開門。(3)祈使句亦可用第三人稱作主語。Somebodyopenthedoor.(注意：要用動詞原形)來個人把門打開。Henryreadthepoemfirst.(注意：要用動詞原形)亨利先讀這首詩。Parentswithchildrengotothefront.帶孩子的家長到前面去。Don'tanybodyopenthedoor.(注意:要用don't而不是用doesn，t)誰也不要開門。

.祈使句的肯定與否定(1)肯定：a.動詞多數的祈使句是以動詞原形開頭的Lookright.Lookleft.Standup.Sitdown.Keepsilence.Help!Closethedoor.Letmetry.Letmesee.Let'sgo.b.形容詞+表語Bequiet.Bequick.Becareful.Beseated.Beontime.Haveacupoftea,please.(2)否定：a.Don't+動詞原形Don'twalk.Don，tlitter.Don'ttouch.Don'tmove.Don'tcry.Don*tworry.Don'trun.Don'twrite.Don，tmakenoiseinclass.Don*thitotherchildren.Don'tclimbthetrees.Don't+be動詞+表語Don'tbelate.Don*tbenervous.No+名詞或動名詞Noswimming.Noparking. Nofood. Nosmoking.Nocameras. Nobikes.祈使句的否定形式一般是在謂語動詞前加上donot或don't（口語中）,有時也可用never。若祈使句有主語，否定詞don't或never要置于主J之刖。Donotcomeinunlessasked.非請莫入。Don,tyoubelieveit.決不要相信它。Don'tanyonemakeanynoise.誰也不要吵吵鬧鬧。Neverbelateagainnexttime.下一次千萬不要再遲到了。.祈使句：不同的口氣Wouldyoukindlyopenthedoor?（最客氣）Willyoupleaseopenthedoor?（客氣）Pleaseopenthedoor.（客氣）Openthedoor,willyou?（客氣）Justopenthedoor.（對熟人的要求）Openthedoor.（略帶命令口氣）Openthedoor,you?（傲氣十足）.祈使句：強調可以在祈使句的動詞原形之前加上do表示強調。Dobehonest.一定要誠實。Dobequietamoment.一定要安靜一會兒。Doletmego.一定讓我去吧。Dotellmethereason.務必告訴我理由。.祈使句：其他表達法Patience!要有耐心！（名詞）Handsup!舉起手來！（名詞）Bottomsup!干杯！（名詞）Afteryou!您先請！（介詞短語）Quickly!快！（副詞）Exercises:Be動詞用am,is,are填空（不需要的用"/"表示）。Mygrandmaadoctor.XiaoMingtwelveyearsold.He tallandthin.LucyandLilytwins.There aneraserinthepencil-case.Therebananasonthetable.Thereabookandthreepencilsonthedesk.There abananaandsomepearsinthefridge.youapoliceman?No,Inot.sheastudent?Yes,she?Whothey?]]They myclassmates,WanglinandZhangJun.It8o'clock.Whatdayittoday?itTuesday.pg myfavouriteclass.Thisayellowdress.Thesemyoldclothes.18.1LiLei.SheLucy.SheandI goodfriends.Whattheseoverthere?Oh,theymysweaters.yourbookred?Yes,it.yourbookandpenred?No,theynot.yourbooksred?Yes.Myclothesblue.Hisyellow.LucyandLilytwins.TheyAmerican.Theylookthesame.MissGaoourEnglishteacher.Shehasason.HisnameSunHuimin.Heinourclass.ThestudentsofClassThreeonthehillnow.a,an,the,some,any一、用a,an或the填空（不需要的用"/"表示）：ThisisAnn.Shehasapple.It'sredapple.Canyouseeteacherintheclassroom?Whichone?Whereistescher，sdesk?It'snearwindow.Wecanfind"f"intheword“family”.What'stime?It,sfouro'clock.Who'smaninPictureOne?Where*scat?It'sundertable.Don'tlookatme.Lookatteacher.studentsofClassOneareplayingfootball.It'sseventwentyinmorning.It'stimetogotoschool.LiLeiisathome.Hewantstogotoclassroom.Whatcolourisbird?It'swhite.It'swhitebird.二、用a,an,some或any填空。Thisiseraser.It1sinterestingmovie.Theracehadexcitingfinish.MyfriendJohnisengineerandhiswifeSusanisteacher.Theyhavetwodaughters,AnnaandChristine.TheyarenotchiIdem.AnnaisairhostessandChristineishairdresser.AnnahasItaliancar,butChristinehasEnglishbicycle.Theydon'tlivewiththerirparents:theyhaveapartment.Itisveryniceapartment.—Doyouhavesmallertrousers?―No,wedon't.Butwehaveshorts.—Thereis teahere,butisthere sugarinthattin?—No,thereit*ssugarinthistin.—Aretherebiscuitsinthecupboard?——Therewerehereyeaterday,buttherearen't herenow.—Goodmorning,Mrs.Whatwouldyoulike?-I*dlikemeat.—Ok.Thebeefisnice,too.Wouldyoulike?一No,thanks.Myhusbanddoesn*tlikebeef.—Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?一Yes,please.一Wouldyoulikemilkinit?——No,thanks.Thereareapplesinthebasket.Therearen'tbooksinthebackpack.—Aretheretomatoesinthefridge?一Yes,thereare.—Istherewaterinthebottle?―No,thereisn，tinthebottle.Thereisjuiceintheglass.代詞練習一、選擇：amwearingawhitecoat.(I/me)Thesegreenshoesarenice.Ilike.(they/them)Look!Therearesomerabbits.Oh!aresocute.(they/them)Annisagoodstudent.isgoodatEnglish.Herteacherlikes.(she/her)—Look!Someboysareplayingfootball.WhoistheboyinthegreenT-shirt?— isRobert. ismygoodfriend.(he/him)Canhelpyou?(I/me)Givethebook,please.(I/me)—Iliketheseshorts.Howmuchare?一20yuan,(they/them)Canseethecap?(you/him)Whatsizedowant?(you/she)Ilikethistie.Howmuchis?(it/its)nameisLily.(I/my)motherisadoctor,(her/she)Kenisshoppingwithfather,(he/his)Isthissweater?(your/you)arestudents,(we/us)二、用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空：1、Theboyis(I)brother.Pleasegive(I)pento(he).2、Thisis(he)rubber.Whereis(I)?3、(he)is(myfather)friend.4、Thisisnot(you)bike.Itis(my).5、WhereisTom?(he)motherislookingfor(he).6、Thisdressissobeautiful.I1ike(it)